Šumná

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Šumná
Šumná coat of arms
Šumná (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Znojmo
Area : 1196 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 56 '  N , 15 ° 53'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 55 '42 "  N , 15 ° 52' 32"  E
Height: 438  m nm
Residents : 637 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 671 02
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Petr Cejpek (as of 2007)
Address: Šumná 149
671 02 Šumná
Municipality number: 594911
Website : obecsumna.blog.cz

Šumná , until 1949 Šumvald , (German: Schönwald ) is a municipality with 597 inhabitants (January 1, 2004) in Okres Znojmo in the Czech Republic .

geography

Šumná is 438 m above sea level. M. north of the road from Znojmo to Vranov nad Dyjí in Jevišovická pahorkatina . The place is laid out as a line settlement. The Plenkovický potok flows east of the village .

Neighboring communities are Lesná u Znojma ; Onšov , Štítary and Vranovská Ves .

history

Like Lesná (Liliendorf), Schönwald was founded in 1798 by Joseph Hilgartner, knight of Lilienborn, the owner of the lordship of Frain an der Thaya. In order to earn the purchase price for the Frain rule, he had large areas of forest cleared and the wood sold. On the clear cuts, he settled volunteers who could buy the land they cultivated and buy themselves out of the still common robot.

He sold the Frain estate again in 1799, but Schönwald with 30 farms remained. However, it was incorporated into Schiltern (Štítary); only on May 3, 1923 Šumná became an independent municipality.

With the opening of the Nordwestbahn , Schönwald also became the train station for Frain an der Thaya. During the construction work on the Frainer Dam , this was the starting point for a railway line for transporting materials to the construction site.

After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated . The Treaty of Saint-Germain 1919 declared the place, whose inhabitants in 1910 97% of the German dialect used a Bavarian-Austrian dialect, as part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . Between the 1910 and 1930 censuses, the proportion of the Czech-speaking population grew from 0.8% to 78%. As in Schönwald, tensions arose between the ethnic groups in the country. When the autonomy demanded by the German Moravians was not negotiated and armed conflict threatened, the Western powers induced the Czech government to cede the peripheral areas to Germany. This was regulated in the Munich Agreement . On October 1, 1938, Schönwald became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau - since March 1938 .

After the end of the Second World War (May 8, 1945), the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1939), including Selletitz, were reassigned to Czechoslovakia based on the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) . Because of the severe post-war excesses against the German population by militant Czechs, many German citizens fled across the nearby border to Austria. Three civilians were killed in the process. A legal processing of the event has not taken place. The Beneš Decree 115/1946 ( Law on Exemption from Punishment ) declares actions up to October 28, 1945 in the struggle to regain freedom ..., or which aimed at just retribution for the acts of the occupiers or their accomplices ... not unlawful. In August 1945 the victorious powers determined the post-war order in the Potsdam Communiqués (conference). The ongoing collective expulsion of the German population was not mentioned in it, but an “orderly and humane transfer” of the “German population parts” who remained in Czechoslovakia was explicitly required. Between July 9 and September 18, 1946, the "orderly" forced resettlement of the last 106 Selletzers to Germany took place. The place was repopulated. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

Registries have been kept since 1798. All birth, marriage and death registers up to 1949 are in the Brno State Archives.

Coat of arms and seal

Since Schönwald was a district of Schiltern, it did not have its own municipal seal until 1923. It was not until 1923 that the town had a bilingual community temple which showed a two-leaf oak branch with three acorns.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 229 229 - -
1890 185 182 1 2
1900 211 204 6th 1
1910 236 229 2 5
1921 418 103 252 63
1930 629 111 489 29

Attractions

swell

  • Franz Josef Schwoy : Topography of the Markgrafthum Moravia, Vol. 1 -3, Vienna 1793.
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia (1990), Schönwald page 35
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X , page 218f
  • Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends. Heimatwerk publishing house, Munich 1969.
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 315 (Schönwald).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ↑ Předpis č. 3/1950 Sb.
  3. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  4. ^ Wolfgang Brügel: Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
  5. ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The Znaim district from AZ, 2009, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, Book of the Dead p. 378.
  6. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  7. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , pp. 310, 315
  8. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  9. ^ Gustav Gregor: The political district of Znaim, vol. 4, p. 105
  10. ^ Josef Bartoš, Jindřich Schulz, Miloš Trapl: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. Volume 9: Okresy Znojmo, Moravský Krumlov, Hustopeče, Mikulov. Profil, Ostrava 1984.
  11. ^ Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia (1990), Schönwald, page 35