Dyjákovičky

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Dyjákovičky
Dyjákovičky coat of arms
Dyjákovičky (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Znojmo
Area : 1300 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 46 '  N , 16 ° 5'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 46 '1 "  N , 16 ° 5' 19"  E
Height: 216  m nm
Residents : 544 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 669 02
License plate : B.
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Oldřich Martinák (as of 2009)
Address: Dyjákovičky 1
669 02 Dyjákovičky
Municipality number: 593982
Website : www.obecni-urad.net/dyjakovicky
Vitus Church

Dyjákovičky (German Klein Tajax ) is a municipality in Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo District), Jihomoravský kraj (South Moravia Region) in the Czech Republic . Dyjákovičky is about 10 km from the border with Austria .

geography

The brook "Daníž" ("Danischbach") flows through the village. Neighboring towns are Chvalovice (Kallendorf) in the west, Vrbovec (Urbau) in the north and Hnízdo (Gnast) in the east. In the south lies the Czech-Austrian state border with Kleinhaugsdorf . The place itself is laid out as a Breitangerdorf .

history

The “ui” dialect (Northern Bavarian), which was spoken until 1945, with its special Bavarian passwords indicates a settlement by Bavarian German tribes from the Upper Palatinate region, as they did after 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. The first written mention of the place was in 1220. From 1409 the name form "Deiax superior" or "Unter-Tajax" appears to differentiate it from "Ober-Tajax". The current form of the name appears for the first time in 1517. Only after the Thirty Years War is this name mentioned again in the documents. Klein-Tajax also had a small colony called "Haid", which was always part of Klein-Tajax. From 1560, part of the village was administered by the Joslowitz rule and the other part by the Bruck monastery. The place carries 1,710 years since the parish registers . Online search via the Brno State Archives.

A major fire in 1728 destroyed almost the entire village. In the years 1753 and 1779 a major fire raged in the village and destroyed many old documents about the local history. In 1800 a new school building was built in the village. During the Third Coalition War , the place was occupied and looted by French troops in 1805 and 1809. During the German-Austrian war in 1866, Prussian troops quartered in Klein-Tajax and demanded high contributions . In the 19th century traces of grave fields and a settlement from the Stone Age were discovered in the village. After the old school was demolished, a new one was built in 1891 and later expanded to include three classes. The inhabitants of Klein-Tajax lived from livestock and agriculture, with viticulture, which has been cultivated in South Moravia for centuries, played a special role. Due to the phylloxera plague , around 1900, the vineyard area was badly affected. By 1925 the acreage had been reduced by 60%. The high quality of the soil, with a humus layer of up to 50 cm, allowed the cultivation of grain and vegetables of special quality. In addition to various types of grain, maize, beets, cucumbers and fruit were also grown. You could also hunt hares, pheasants and partridges in the municipality. In addition to small businesses, there was a milk house and a brick factory in the village.

After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated . The Treaty of Saint-Germain , 1919, declared the place, which in 1910 was 99% inhabited by southern Moravians of the Bavarian-Austrian settlement area, to be part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . In the interwar period , there was an increase in the influx of people of Czech nationality due to the filling of civil servants. In 1922 a Czech minority school was established. The volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1925 and the place was electrified in 1931. As tensions between the ethnic groups increased and armed conflicts threatened, the Western powers caused the Czech government to cede the outlying areas inhabited by Sudeten Germans (later generic term) to Germany. In the Munich Agreement , this was regulated. Thus, on October 1, 1938, Klein Tajax became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau . From 1939 to 1945 Klein-Tajax, Kallendorf and Gerstenfeld were merged into one community. In 1940 this amalgamated community was renamed "Schatzberg".

During the Second World War , the place suffered 45 victims. After its end, on May 8, 1945, the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1939), including Klein Tajax, were reassigned to Czechoslovakia based on the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) . One day after the end of the war, Soviet troops occupied the place. This resulted in serious excesses against the population and civilian deaths. The place was then seamlessly taken over by Czech "partisans" (then the name for the non-local militant Czechs), who imposed the right to stand and on August 14, 1945 drove all German-speaking citizens wildly across the border to Austria . There were also deaths at the Civilian population. A legal processing of the events did not take place. The Beneš Decree 115/1946 ( Law on Exemption from Punishment ) declares actions up to October 28, 1945 in the struggle to regain freedom ..., or which aimed at just retribution for acts of the occupiers or their accomplices ... as not unlawful. The place was repopulated. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made any restitution .

The local residents expelled to Austria were transferred to Germany with the exception of approx. 16%, in accordance with the original transfer goals of the Potsdam Communiqué .

Coat of arms and seal

Since the village was administered by two different rulers, there were also two different seals. The seal of the district under the rule of Joslowitz showed a tree over a plow iron in a legend. The other seal of the Bruck monastery showed a plow with the initials "G - M".

In the 19th and 20th In the 19th century the village had a seal showing an oak rice as ornament and a legend. From 1919 to 1938 this seal was bilingual.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 896 889 6th 1
1890 890 886 4th 0
1900 914 911 3 0
1910 897 893 4th 0
1921 960 878 70 12
1930 997 943 41 13

Attractions

  • Parish Church of St. Veit (1220) pictures by Josef Winterhalter and Romanesque tower with tent roof, church fires in 1626 and 1753
  • Statue (1890)
  • Rectory (1740)
  • Marian column (Pestmalter, 1701)
  • War memorial (1924)
  • Statues of St. John of Nepomuk, St. Florian, St. Vitus, St. John the Baptist and the Holy Trinity

regional customs

Rich customs determined the course of the year for the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46:

  • The carnival lasts three days, on the second the present is danced out. The girl who donates the most money while dancing past a cash desk set up by the boys receives the exhibited “present”, a pendulum clock, a mirror or the like. The winner not only receives the present, but also has three solo dances and a choice of one Partners.
  • The annual border inspection is planned for April 24th, but it will always be postponed to the following Saturday.
  • The St. Mark's procession takes place on April 25th, half a public holiday.
  • On the three days of the week before Ascension Day, people walk through the fields in petition processions, every day in a different direction, in four places, in front of crosses, small chapels or martyrs, the pastor sings a passage from the Gospel, then he prays for the weather and growth blessings. Finally, the congregation sings "Graciously grant us peace".
  • The grape harvest festival with evening dance is organized by the fire brigade. In the houses "laid out" grapes (table grapes) are collected, which have been sorted out during the harvest and hung in the chamber, where they sometimes stay until Christmas. These are hung from the low ceiling in the dance hall with vine leaves and “stolen” while dancing. Anyone caught doing this by an acting guardian has to pay a fine.
  • Weddings always take place at Martini or Mardi Gras and then only on Tuesday. The weddings almost always last two days and include 20 to 150 guests, depending on the wealth and size of the relatives. On the third Sunday before the wedding, the day of the first announcement from the pulpit, the bride and groom invite the guests; the bride and groom do the same in the early morning of the wedding day, who are richly entertained in every house.

Daughters and sons of the village

literature

  • Johann Zabel: Church guide for South Moravia. 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Klein-Tajax p. 77.
  • Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark. 1941, Klein-Tajax p. 282.
  • Wenzel Max (Ed.): Thayaland. Folk songs and dances from South Moravia. 2nd Edition. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1984.
  • Agnes Rücker: Memorial book of the community of Klein-Tajax.
  • Hans Brunner: Klein Tajax - an unforgettable home in South Moravia. 1998.
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. Klein Tajax s.111f, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X .

Web links

Commons : Dyjákovičky  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 10
  3. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume II, p. 137
  4. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved April 20, 2011.
  5. ^ Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nürnberg: Anzeiger des Germanisches Nationalmuseums, Volume 3 , 1890, p.50
  6. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919–1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  7. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918–1938 , Munich 1967
  8. ↑ a b Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z , 2009
  9. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
  10. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46 , diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
  11. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: Geschichte Südmährens , Volume 3 (2001), Klein Tajax p. 299 f.
  12. ↑ Vlastivěda Moravska Peřinka Znojemsky okres, Brno, 1904
  13. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
  14. ^ Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia (1990), Klein Tajax, p.14