Lesná u Znojma
| Lesná | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | ||||
| District : | Znojmo | ||||
| Area : | 343.3327 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 54 ' N , 15 ° 52' E | ||||
| Height: | 463 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 248 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 671 02 | ||||
| License plate : | B. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Znojmo - Vranov nad Dyjí | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Ivo Prchal (as of 2016) | ||||
| Address: | Lesná 21 671 02 Šumná |
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| Municipality number: | 594342 | ||||
| Website : | www.obec-lesna.eu | ||||
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Lesná (German Liliendorf ) is a Czech municipality with 279 inhabitants (January 1, 2004) in Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo district ) in South Moravia west of Znojmo .
geography
Lesná is located on Jevišovická pahorkatina . Plenkovický potok rises north of the village .
Neighboring towns of Lesná are Vracovice ( Edenthurn ), Šumná ( Schönwald ), Onšov ( Windschau ), Vranov nad Dyjí ( Frain ) and Horní Břečkov ( Oberfröschau ).
Lesná is 463 m above sea level. M. on the road between Znojmo in the east and Vranov nad Dyjí ( Frain ) in the west. The place itself is laid out as a longitudinal tangle village.
history
The village was founded on July 5, 1794 in the area of the rule Frain an der Thaya. The settlers for the new location were recruited. The layout of the place and the Bavarian-Austrian "ui" dialect (dialect) with its special Bavarian passwords , which was spoken until 1945, indicate that the settlers came from Austria and southern Germany. The name Liliendorf is derived from the founder, Ritter von Lilienborn. In order to rehabilitate the indebted rule, he sold clear-cut forest areas to new settlers and also released them from the robot obligation. This gave Liliendorf an unexpected boom and soon became an independent municipality. The plots of land that were for sale were all the same size, only twice the area was estimated for the inn. The registers of the place were taken with Oberfröschau .
In 1799 the cemetery was laid out at the eastern end of the village and consecrated a year later (1800) by pastor Engelbert Mather from Oberfröschau (Horní Břečkov). In the years between the construction of the cemetery and the beginning of the construction of the chapel, the place was looted by French troops in 1805 and 1809. In 1815 the cemetery was expanded and walled. On August 16, 1850, the first municipal council and mayor was elected and on June 9, 1851 the foundation stone for the school and the teacher's apartment was laid. The building was completed in November of the same year.
In 1862 Liliendorf's landmark, the windmill at the eastern edge of the village, went into operation. It was built under the guidance of the mason Franz Czerny of lilies village of his knowledge of the employees at the windmill of Retz passed on in Lower Austria. The first miller was Johann Bergmann, the son of the Retz wind miller. He later married the daughter of Franz Czerny. In May 1864 the first commissioning for the construction of the chapel at the western end of the village took place. On April 17, 1866, the building site for the chapel was leveled, the foundation stone was laid on April 22, and construction work began the next day. During the German-Austrian War , 30 loaves of bread were requisitioned by Prussian soldiers on July 14, 1866. A day later, a Prussian infantry regiment came to the place and on August 6th, 1160 infantry and cavalry men were quartered until September 5th. The chapel, completed on September 2, 1867, was consecrated to St. Theresa. The post office was established on July 16, 1890. In 1898 the first street lighting was installed at the expense of the Beautification Association founded in 1895 and a clock was installed in the tower of the chapel at the expense of the community.
In 1904 the Liliendorf Volunteer Fire Brigade was founded. The year 1907 brought the end of the windmill with the advent of steam mills. Heinrich Bergmann, the miller's youngest son, turned the mill into a Wagner workshop, which existed until around 1930. In 1989 the building became a restaurant with a view of the Dukovany nuclear power plant . In 1913 a spring bath with a basin and bath house was built in the village, which was closed in 1939. Most of the Liliendorfer lived from livestock and agriculture, although viticulture , which is otherwise important in South Moravia, never played a role due to the climate and the nature of the soil. In addition to the usual small businesses, there was also a sawmill and two coal traders.
After the break-up of Austria-Hungary , Moravia became part of the newly founded Czechoslovakia . With that, the South Moravian village of Liliendorf, whose inhabitants were 99% German South Moravians in 1910 , also fell to the new state. The place was electrified in 1931, with the school only being connected to the power grid a year later. The place also became a popular holiday destination for residents of Prague, Brno, Znojmo and Vienna. As part of government measures, a Czech minority school was built in the village. Because of the small number of Czech children in the village, children from Břeclav also started school here . Measures such as the land reform and the language ordinance, through which Czechs were supposed to settle in German municipalities, heightened national tensions. In the Munich Agreement with the Western Powers, the German Reich forced the Czech government to cede the German-speaking peripheral areas. Thus, on October 1, 1938, Liliendorf became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau .
After the end of the Second World War , which claimed ten victims from the place, Liliendorf came back to Czechoslovakia. All but 15 people fled the post-war excesses or were expelled across the border into Austria on June 20, 1945 before the Potsdam Agreement . A memorial stone in Hardegg (Lower Austria) commemorates the expulsion. Of the displaced persons, 25 families stayed in Austria, while 69 families settled in Baden-Württemberg , Bavaria and Hesse.
On October 17, 1993, on the occasion of the church's 125th anniversary, a mass was held with the displaced in Liliendorf. It was celebrated by Josef Hudec and the local priest dean Johann Schlosser.
Coat of arms and seal
Only the imprint of an image-free seal stamp from the 19th century is known, although it is certain that there must have been a village seal in the years before. Today's coat of arms shows the wings of the windmill.
Population development
| census | Total population | Ethnicity of the inhabitants | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | German | Czechs | Other | |
| 1880 | 422 | 385 | 37 | - |
| 1890 | 387 | 387 | - | - |
| 1900 | 375 | 370 | 2 | 3 |
| 1910 | 373 | 370 | 3 | - |
| 1921 | 313 | 228 | 57 | 28 |
| 1930 | 360 | 225 | 85 | 20th |
Attractions
- Chapel of St. Teresa (1867/68) with an altarpiece by Josef Doré
- Windmill (1862), closed in 1907, landmark of the place
- Motorcycle museum
Sons and daughters of the church
- August Reuss (1871–1935), composer
Say from the place
- One day a heavily loaded wagon came into town. The coachman dismounted at the inn and strengthened himself. When he tried to drive on, the horses could no longer move the vehicle despite all the efforts. The driver then got an ax, went to the left rear wheel and hacked the seventh spoke in two. At the same moment an old man in the inn grabbed his leg and shouted: "I just wanted to play a joke on the stranger and then let him drive on anyway." The wagon was then able to continue its journey.
- A peasant woman was sitting in the room and sobbing over her mother's death. Her father had also died many years ago. When it got dark and she felt very abandoned, she suddenly heard a strange noise. Suddenly her mother was standing in front of her. She said: "Dear child, I am not allowed to stay with you, I have to leave immediately!". And then she was gone again.
Other legends are:
- Grasl's key deposit
- The missing G'sölchte
- The False Root
swell
- Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia . 1990, Liliendorf page 17
- Emilia Hrabovec: eviction and deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945 - 1947 , Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe) 1995 and 1996
- Felix Ermacora : The Sudeten German questions , legal opinion, publisher: Langen Müller, 1992, ISBN 3-7844-2412-0
- Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities . 1992, Liliendorf page 125
- Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 310 f . (Liliendorf).
Web links
- History of the municipality (cz)
- Motorcycle museum (cz)
- Cultural database of displaced persons (de)
- Location description on europas-mitte.de (de)
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/594342/Lesna
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
- ^ Anton Vrbka: Heimatkunde Volume I, page 16
- ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim district from A to Z. 2009
- ↑ Brunnhilde Scheuringer: 30 years later. The integration of ethnic German refugees and displaced persons in Austria, publisher: Braumüller, 1983, ISBN 3-7003-0507-9
- ^ Gustav Gregor: The political district of Znaim Volume 3.
- ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
- ↑ South Moravian Yearbook, 1976, p. 163
- ↑ South Moravian Yearbook, 1987, p. 126
- ^ Zuckriegl: Im Märchenland der Thayana, 2000, self-published, p. 89f