Dyjákovice

Dyjákovice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Area :	1931 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 46 '  N , 16 ° 18'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 46 '18 "  N , 16 ° 18' 3"  E
Height:	185  m nm
Residents :	872 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	671 26
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Jaroslav Chmela (as of 2006)
Address:	Dyjákovice 235 671 26 Dyjákovice
Municipality number:	593974
Website :	www.dyjakovice.cz

Dyjákovice (German Groß Tajax ) is a municipality with 872 inhabitants ( January 1, 2019 ) in the south of the Czech Republic . It is located 30 km from Znojmo and belongs to the Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo district). The village itself is laid out as an anger village. The closest town is Laa an der Thaya in Austria .

history

The layout of the place and the Ui dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) spoken until 1945 with its special Bavarian passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes like them around 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. The place was first mentioned in 1278 after Rudolf von Habsburg had defeated Přemysl Ottokar II in the battle of Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen . The place was originally owned by the Moravian sovereign and belonged to the territory of the sovereign Erdberg Castle and, after its destruction, to Znojmo .

Around the middle of the 13th century, Groß Tajax went into private ownership. The sovereign donated most of the town to the lords of Jakobau. After their extinction, a member of the powerful noble family Pernstein , Philipp von Pernstein, took over the property around 1310 . After the ancestral castle of the Lords of Jakobau came into the possession of Philipp von Pernstein, the branch of the Pernsteiner founded by him was called "von Jakobau" in the future. At the end of the 14th century there were several changes of ownership. Eventually the place came to the noble family Černahora von Boskowitz (Černohorský z Boskovic) .

In 1489 the brothers Tobias II and Benesch II von Černahora-Boskowitz ceded the place Tajax to Wilhelm II von Pernstein , who in turn took over the administration of Groß Tajax to his son-in-law Heinrich IX in 1496. left by Leipa . Heinrich von Leipa was also the owner of the Kromau rule and so the place Groß Tajax belonged to the Moravian Kromau rule from the beginning of the 15th century until the abolition of the manorial rule. In the 16th century the parish became Protestant under the lords of Leipa. 1602 began with the construction of a Thaya dam. This construction took 11 years and caused the old river to silt up.

After the Battle of White Mountain , Berthold Bohobud was expropriated from Leipa due to his participation in the uprising against Emperor Ferdinand II . In the same year the place was devastated by imperial troops. The Lordship of Kromau, and thus also Tajax, was bought by Gundaker von Liechtenstein in 1622 . After the Thirty Years War , the Catholic princes of Liechtenstein again prevailed in the course of the Counter Reformation . During the Revolutionary Wars , Groß-Tajax was occupied and looted by French troops in 1805 and 1809. In 1848 a major fire destroyed 172 houses and 120 barns in the village. A year later, cholera raged and claimed 82 victims among the Great Tajax people. During the German-Austrian War , in 1866, Prussian troops occupied the place. The soldiers were friendly and paid for everything. Unfortunately, they dragged cholera into the town again, which this time claimed 48 lives.

The church was rebuilt from 1757 to 1761 and consecrated to St. Michael. The organ was built in 1863 by the organ builder Alois Hörbiger from Thierbach. In 1882 Groß-Tajax was raised to the market. Two annual fairs have been held since 1834. The first school was built in 1873, and today it houses the town hall. A volunteer fire brigade was established in 1889. The community school built in 1903 now serves as a primary school. Characteristic of Dyjákovice are the long vaulted cellars, which are used to store wine , fruit or grain and are located in the north of the village. In the years 1927 to 1929 a new citizen school was built.

After the First World War and the Peace Treaty of Saint Germain of 1919, the place, which in 1910 was 99.8% inhabited by German South Moravians , became part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . Due to the filling of civil servants in the inter-war period, there was an increased influx of people of Czech nationality. During the Sudeten crisis , Groß-Tajax is occupied by Czech troops and the surrounding area is provided with defensive positions. After the Munich Agreement in 1938, the place came to the German Reich and became part of the Reichsgau Niederdonau . With 3500 inhabitants, Groß Tajax was the most populous market town in the Znojmo district before the Second World War . On May 8, 1945, the Thaya Bridge was blown up by retreating German soldiers.

During the Second World War the place suffered 210 victims. After the end of the Second World War (May 8, 1945), the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1939), including Groß Tajax, were reassigned to Czechoslovakia based on the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) . Some families fled from the onset of post-war excesses across the border into Austria, others were driven across . The Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, did not comment on the wild and collective expulsions of the German population. However, an “orderly and humane transfer” of the “parts of the German population” who “remained in Czechoslovakia” is explicitly required. Except for one family, all of the town's German residents were forcibly evacuated on April 1, 1946 . All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

Of the expelled German South Moravians from Groß-Tajax, 22% found their new home in Austria, 20% in Bavaria, 27% in Baden-Württemberg and 31% in Hesse.

The place was repopulated by Czechs from inland and Slovakia . in 1971 Velký Karlov was separated from Dyjákovice; between 1981 and 1990 the settlement belonged again as a district to Dyjákovice.

Thanks to donations from the displaced, the main cemetery cross and various gravestones as well as the war memorial were renovated and re-labeled in 1990, and a memorial was set up in Wulzeshofen, Austria .

The place resulted in 1654 from the year parish registers . Online search via the Brno State Archives.

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest seal was created in 1599 and was used unchanged for around 150 years. It shows a renaissance shield with two mutilated branches that are crossed at an angle, each of which has an upright fish. A second, almost similar seal was used until 1787.

A coat of arms was never awarded. Nevertheless, the market town had a seal in the colors black, red (fish) and gold (branches).

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	2545	2545	-	-
1890	2611	2611	-	-
1900	2758	2753	3	2
1910	2901	2895	5	1
1921	3007	2940	36	31
1930	3257	3173	54	30th
2006	849

Place name

The word "Tajax" is derived from the name of the river Thaya where the place is located. Earlier spellings of the place name are Dyax and Deyax . The current name Dyjákovice is derived from the name of the river, which is called Dyje in Czech . The name Thaya comes from the Celtic and means lazy .

The spelling Tayax has been used since at least 1643 and Tajax since 1672. The name Groß Tajax has been around since 1720.

In the past, the place was also called Nieder-Tajax ( Nieder-Deyax ) to distinguish it from the village of Klein Tajax further upstream , which was then called Ober-Deyax . The addition “large” has been in use since the 17th century.

Attractions

Church of St. Michael (1938)

• Parish church hl. Michael: The rococo church was built in 1757/61 and has statues of St. Peter, St. Paul, Cyril, Method, St. Michael and St. Venantius.
• Chapel in the upper town with a Gothic Madonna
• Lourdes Chapel with Mary Altar (1886)
• Statue of St. Sebastian (1715)
• Plague column / women's column (1736) in memory of the plague of 1711
• Gothic memorial (14th century)
• Virgin Mary statue "Immaculate Conception" (1736)
• Statue of St. John of Nepomuk (1735)
• Town hall (former elementary school)
• War memorial (1923)

sons and daughters of the town

• Martin Ludwig Hansal (1823–1885), last Austro-Hungarian consul in Sudan . He was murdered by his Kawass on January 26, 1885, the day of the conquest of Khartoum by the Mahdi ( Muhammad Ahmad ) .
• Johann SJ Neubauer (1837–1910), missionary.
• Robert Rebernigg (* 1861 in Groß Tajax; † May 17, 1954 in the Baumgarten nursing home in Vienna ), circus owner. The Rebernigg circus he founded was known as the Austrian National Circus from 1954 .
• Anton Ladner (1897–1972), local history researcher, mayor (1939–1945), recipient of the Professor Josef Freising Prize 1969.
• Rudolf Lachmayer (1899–1993), local history researcher
• Gottlieb Ladner (1932–2016), religious name Klemens Maria, Provincial of the School Brothers (1986–1994 and 1996–2002), holder of the Golden Medal of Honor for services to the Republic of Austria , chairman of the umbrella association of South Moravians in Austria (1986–2013). Awarded the title of Hofrat and Konsistorialrat for his services to the school system.
• Karl Rühringer (born January 28, 1940), from 2001 to 2011 Episcopal Vicar of the Vicariate Vienna City of the Archdiocese of Vienna .

regional customs

Rich customs determined the course of the year for the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46:

• The annual fairs took place on the Mondays after January 20th and September 29th.
• Before Corpus Christi , the houses are whitewashed and talked about, doors and gates are painted and the windows are cleaned. A load of birch and alder branches are fetched from the forest and a load of grass for the processional path. On the eve of Corpus Christi day four altars were set up: in front of the Trinity Column, the Sebastian statue, the Marian column and the mission cross at the church. On the feast day branches are leaned against the windows decorated with flowers. After the early mass the procession began: In addition to the pastor, the acolytes, the community representatives and the young men of the place. Each of this group had a prayer leader and a lead singer.

literature

• Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate of Moravia, described topographically, statistically and historically. Volume III: Znojmo Circle . Self-published by the author, Brno 1837. - Full text online .
• Anton Kreuzer: Early history in and around Znaim. Maurer, Geislingen an der Steige.
• Heinrich Brunner: History of the local community Gross-Tajax. Rohrer, Brno 1918/19, online .
• Heinrich Brunner / Hofer: History of the local community Großtajax. (1922)
• Lambert Karner : Artificial caves from ancient times. Vienna 1903, reprint 2018, ISBN 978-3-96401-000-1 , Groß-Tajax, pp. 204–205.
• Rudolf Lachmayer: The Thaya in the area Großtajax-Laa. (1960)
• Rudolf Lachmayer: Church and parish St. Michael in Groß-Tajax. (1966)
• Anton Ladner: Play and happiness in South Moravia using the example of the community of Großtajax. (1965)
• Anton Ladner: How it was at home. (1965)
• Anton Ladner: Word collection of the Groß-Tajax dialect I-VII. (1965–1967)
• Anton Ladner: 300 sayings and wisdom from Großtajax. (1968)
• Anton Ladner: 3400 South Moravian idioms from Großtajax. (1968)
• Whitsun meeting of the market town of Groß-Tajax. (1980)
• Karl Piringer: My home country Gross-Tajax, South Moravia. 1st edition, Hanau, Gmunden: Local community Groß-Tajax, 1992
• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
• Karl Piringer: Great Tajax - South Moravia. (1992)
• Einhorn Johann, Martin Rudolf: Genealogy of the Sattmann family. (from Großtajax)
• Rudolf Lachmayer: Was our homeland ours?
• Anton Ladner: The South Moravian community of Großtajax and its customs.
• Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends. Heimatwerk publishing house, Munich 1969.
• Anton Ladner: Our Eden.
• Günther Andreas Unden: Tough Roots (Bubengeschichte (s) from South Moravia 1935–1945), edited in 1990
• Emilia Hrabovec: eviction and deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945 - 1947 , Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996

source

• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. , Groß-Tajax: s. 11; C. Publishing house of the South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 .
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities in the home districts of Neubistritz, Zlabings, Nikolsburg and Znaim. Groß-Tajax p. 81f, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X .
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 285 f . (Groß-Tajax).

Web links

Commons : Dyjákovice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Website of the municipality of Dyjákovice (Czech)
• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
3. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919–1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
4. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
5. ↑ Archive Mikulov, Odsun Němců - transport odeslaný dne 20. kvĕtna (1946)
6. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved April 23, 2011.
7. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume IV. P. 130
8. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
9. ↑ http://www.dyjakovice.cz/
10. ^ Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler in der Ostmark, 1941, Anton Schroll & Co, Großtajax p. 235
11. ^ Johann Zabel: Kirchlicher Handweiser for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Großtajax p. 22
12. ↑ Little Chronicle. (...) Consul Hansal. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 7653/1885, December 17, 1885, p. 4, bottom left. (Online at ANNO ). .
13. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z , 2009