Dolenice

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Dolenice
Dolenice CoA.jpg
Dolenice (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Znojmo
Area : 446 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 55 '  N , 16 ° 22'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 54 '31 "  N , 16 ° 21' 53"  E
Height: 255  m nm
Residents : 143 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 671 78
License plate : B.
traffic
Street: Damnice - Břežany u Znojma
Railway connection: Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou – Brno
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Viktor Antl (as of 2010)
Address: Dolenice 1
671 78 Jiřice u Miroslavi
Municipality number: 593958
Website : www.obecni-urad.net/dolenice

Dolenice (German Tullnitz ) is a municipality in South Moravia ( Czech Republic ). It is located 25 kilometers east of Znojmo and belongs to the Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo district ). The place was laid out as a street village.

geography

In the north is Damnice ( Damitz ), in the west Kašenec ( Kaschnitzfeld ), in the south Břežany u Znojma ( Frischau ), in the east Litobratřice ( Leipertitz ) and in the north-west Václavov .

history

Tullnitz Church, 1934

The “ui” dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) spoken in Tullnitz with its special Bavarian passwords indicates a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they did after 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. The first mention of the place is in a deed of foundation from the year 1239. The place belonged at this time to the rule Misslitz and later came to the rule of the monastery Bruck . Around 1530 the place was called "Dolnitz" again and from 1585 Tullnitz was administered by the Maria Saal nunnery in Old Brno. During the Thirty Years War the place is completely destroyed. The place was not rebuilt until 1680. In 1714 the place was sold by the nunnery and six years later the destroyed castle next to the Meierhof was rebuilt. The place was sold again as early as 1723 and finally came into the possession of the Princes of Liechtenstein around 1729 .

During the Napoleonic Wars , the place was occupied by French troops in 1805 and 1809, which caused high costs to the community. Between 1816 and 1820, the Meierhof was dissolved, split up and sold, which significantly increased the number of houses in the village. Around 1870 Tullnitz received a connection for the Brno - Grusbach - Znaim railway lines . A volunteer fire brigade was established in 1905. In 1908 the "Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Jubilee School" was built. Before that, the children from Tullnitz went to school in Irritz. Most of the population lived from agriculture. Viticulture, which has been cultivated in South Moravia for centuries, only played a subordinate role and so the quantities produced only covered our own needs.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War , 1914–1918, was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain gave these disputed territories against the will of the German South Moravians living there ; in 1910 it was 91%, to Czechoslovakia. In the inter-war period , there was an increase in the influx of people of Czech nationality due to the appointment of new civil servants and new settlers. In 1923 a Czech minority school and a Czech kindergarten were opened in the village. Thereupon the South Moravian Federation founded a German kindergarten and a day care center. Complaints from the Czech side force their closure after a few years. After the Munich Agreement in 1938, the place came to the German Reich and became part of the Reichsgau Niederdonau .

In 1940 the local grape harvest was destroyed by hail.

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 20 victims among the inhabitants of Tullnitz, the community came back to Czechoslovakia on May 8, 1945. Soon the houses of the German-Moravian residents are taken over by so-called "Czech property managers". In order to avoid the excesses caused by militant Czechs, around 80 German Moravians fled across the nearby border to Austria. In August 1945, the victorious powers determined the post-war order in the Potsdam Communiqués (conference). The ongoing collective expulsion of the German population was not mentioned, but an orderly and humane transfer of the German population that remained in Czechoslovakia was explicitly requested. 195 people were forcibly evacuated in three transports between February 14 and June 3, 1946 . 53 Czechs and 39 people from mixed marriages who had professed Germanism in 1939 remained in the village. Seven of the German Moravians stayed in the village. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

195 of the displaced local residents built a new life for themselves in Germany and 80 in Austria.

The parish registers of the place were in 1635 from Irritz out. All birth, marriage and death registers up to 1949 are in the Brno State Archives.

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest seal came from the 17th century and showed a cow as a seal figure. On a later seal within the inscription "Gemein Sigil Darff Tollnitz 1757" a plow iron and a winemaker's knife are shown. From 1848 the place only had an image-free community temple, which was bilingual between 1920 and 1938.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 458 399 59 0
1890 364 309 55 0
1900 360 309 51 0
1910 393 357 36 0
1921 440 348 87 5
1930 388 285 98 5

Attractions

Chapel with St. Nepomuk
  • Chapel of the Exaltation of the Cross, altar from the 17th century, Our Lady of Sorrows in Rococo style (1775), renovated in 1787, 1823, 1856 and 1897
  • Statue of St. John of Nepomuk (1883)
  • Statue of Antoni (1734)
  • Chapel Cross (1840)
  • Iron Cross on Damitzer Strasse
  • Marian column in the hallway

regional customs

Rich customs shaped the life of the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46:

  • The wedding was celebrated either in May before the start of the field work or at the end of October / beginning of November after the root crop had been harvested. The bride and groom and both parents met to negotiate the dowry. The wedding usually took place on Wednesday at 10 a.m. The guests came from outside, the horses hung with ribbons and bells, drove in beautiful wagons and were treated to mulled wine and cake. The groom then moved to the bride's house with his relatives, accompanied by music. After the greeting, the groom and bride had to kneel down on the doorstep and after a short speech they received the father's blessing.
  • On the way home from church, if a spouse was from abroad, the fraternity “preferred”, ie a rope decorated with ribbons stretched over the path, the young couple greeted and congratulated by the old boy and served him a glass of wine. The rope was not pulled up until the young husband "let something jump". When they got to the bride's house, they found a locked door. When she knocked, a voice from inside asked: “Who's outside?” The door was opened only after the young woman had given her current family name. Then the young couple were given two pots held up, one filled with water and the other filled with wine. If the young woman caught the pot of wine, it was a sign that she would lead the regiment in the house, but that she did not despise a glass of wine either. Then the young woman was given a loaf of bread and a knife that was possibly quite blunt. She had to cut the bread. However, careful attention was paid to whether she also made the three crosses on the loaf. Eventually she was handed a broom to sweep with.

Sources and literature

  • Jakob Mühlhauser: Tullnitz - Ein Heimatbuch Volume I - III, 1940
  • Sofka: Homeland book of the communities Irritz-Damitz-Tullnitz, Ulm 1975
  • Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . 1969, Munich, Heimatwerk publishing house
  • Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. , Tullnitz: s. 36; C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X , p. 232.
  • Emilia Hrabovec: eviction and deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945–1947 , Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996
  • Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
  • Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim district from A to Z. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2006.
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .

Web links

Commons : Dolenice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia. 1989, p. 9, ISBN 3-927498-09-2
  3. ^ Franz Joseph Beranek: The dialects of South Moravia, 1936.
  4. Hans Zuckriegl: I dream of a vine. Chapter 7, p. 261
  5. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919–1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  6. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918–1938 , Munich 1967
  7. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  8. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, pp. 268, 573. ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .
  9. Ignaz Seidl-Hohenveldern : International Confiscation and Expropriation Law. Series: Contributions to foreign and international private law. Volume 23. Berlin and Tübingen, 1952.
  10. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 268 f .
  11. Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  12. Sofkta: Heimatbuch the community Irritz-Damitz-Tullnitz, 1975, s.92f
  13. Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
  14. ^ Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart: Handbook of German Art Monuments in the Ostmark, 1941, Anton Schroll & Co, Tullnitz p. 466
  15. Blaschka, Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z, 2006