Božice

Božice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Area :	2988 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 50 ′  N , 16 ° 17 ′  E Coordinates: 48 ° 50 ′ 20 ″  N , 16 ° 17 ′ 10 ″  E
Height:	195  m nm
Residents :	1,546 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	671 64
License plate :	B.
traffic
Railway connection:	Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou – Znojmo
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Miroslav Klíč (as of 2009)
Address:	Božice 380 671 64 Božice
Municipality number:	593826
Website :	www.bozice.cz

Castle in Božice

Božice (German Possitz ) is a municipality in South Moravia , Czech Republic .

geography

Božice is located on the right side of the Jevišovka in the Thaya-Schwarza Depression .

Neighboring towns are Mlýnské Domky ( Mühlhäuseln ) in the north, Borotice ( Borotitz ) in the west, Hrádek u Znojma ( Erdberg ) in the south and Pravice ( Probitz ) in the east. The place itself is laid out as a street perch village.

history

The Possitz complex as well as the Bavarian-Austrian Ui dialect with their special Bavarian passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian tribes, as they were around 1050, but especially in the 12th / 13th centuries. Century took place. They brought farm implements made of iron, implemented new agricultural cultivation methods and the high-yield three-field economy .

Over the centuries, the spelling of the place changed several times. So one wrote 1225 Boscz , 1306 Bossycz and 1567 Positz or Bositz . Possitz is mentioned as early as 1225. At that time it was determined that the tithing of the place goes to the church in Grillowitz. From the 14th century, the place belonged to the possessions of Selau Abbey . In 1466 the monastery exchanged the village of Božice with Benedikt and Ludwig von Weitmühl for the Niklowitz estate . Since the 16th century the place was part of the Joslowitz rule, it was also determined that the jurisdiction of the place ran over the Urbauer Freigericht.

From the year 1570 there is a report of an Anabaptist congregation in the village. After the Battle of the White Mountain and the onset of the Counter Reformation , the Anabaptists ( Hutterites ) were expelled in 1622 and most of them moved on to Transylvania. During the Thirty Years' War the place suffered from looting and contributions, so that in 1641 of 55 farms 43 were deserted. After the war, the place was slowly rebuilt by new settlers and returned residents. There was a large free farm in the village, which was only allowed to have so many sheep that the community cattle in Possitz were not deprived of food. In 1771 the wooden bridge over the Jaispitzbach was destroyed by an ice rush. The bridge was then rebuilt from bricks, but this too was destroyed by the ice in 1888. The next building was an iron structure.

A heavy hail in 1855 destroyed the entire harvest. In 1860 a major fire destroyed almost the entire town and claimed one person. Barely five years later, the entire suburb burned down. During the Austro-Prussian War , in 1866, Prussian soldiers occupied the place and brought cholera in. This plague claimed many victims among the possitzers. The registers were kept at Groß-Grillowitz until 1874. After that, the village kept its own registers. In 1893 a school was built in Possitz. Before that, all of Possitz's children were schooled in Groß-Grillowitz. Due to the increasing number of children, the school was expanded in 1906. In the course of the railway expansion, a train station was built in Possitz. In 1891 a volunteer fire brigade was founded together with Groß-Grillowitz. Most of the inhabitants of Possitz lived from livestock and agriculture, whereby the viticulture, which has been cultivated in South Moravia for centuries, did not play a major role. The quantities of wine grown were just enough to cover the village's own needs. In addition to various types of grain, maize, potatoes, beets, pulses and various types of fruit were also grown. The hunting of deer, hares, pheasants and partridges in the municipality was also very profitable. In addition to the usual small business, there was also a Raiffeisenkasse and a milk cooperative.

After the First World War , the Possitz, whose residents were 99.5% German-speaking in 1910, fell to Czechoslovakia . Measures such as land reform and the language regulation followed, which resulted in an increased influx of people of Czech nationality through settlers and newly filled civil servants. In the election to the National Council in 1925, the German parties received 511 votes, the Czech 28, the Communists 64, the Jewish party 6. When the land reform was carried out in 1926, there were riots against the Distribution Commission, as almost all of the land was distributed to Czech settlers has been. From 1936 the weekly market was introduced, which was always held on Mondays. With the Munich Agreement , Possitz became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau on October 1, 1938 . Furthermore, Possitz was merged with the town of Groß-Grillowitz to form the municipality of "Neuweidenbach".

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 73 victims among the Possitzers, the community returned to Czechoslovakia on May 8, 1945. Because of the onset of harassment by Czech militias, many possitzers fled across the nearby border to Austria. Others were on 12 August 1945 in a "wild expulsions" over driven . In August Between July 9 and September 18, 1946, the last 50 German possessions were forcibly resettled to West Germany.

The displaced persons in Austria were deported to Germany in accordance with the objectives set out in the Potsdam Agreement , except for 290 people.

In 1951 České Křídlovice was incorporated. Between 1980 and 1990 also Čejkovice and Heřmanov belonged to Božice.

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Božice. Božice includes the settlements České Křídlovice ( Bohemian Grillowitz ), Mlýnské Domky, U Nádraží, U Dvora colony and Karlov.

Coat of arms and seal

The community seal dates from 1640. It shows a round seal within a circumference, which is divided into two halves by a vertical line. A plow iron is depicted in the left half and a plow knife in the right half. A simple written seal was introduced in the 19th century. This became bilingual in 1932.

The historical coat of arms of the place shows the left half of the seal ring in silver and the right half in red. The plow iron is in red and the plow knife in silver. After the Second World War the colors were changed. The coat of arms now shows plow irons and plow knives in gold on a blue shield.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	1058	1054	4th	0
1890	1042	1039	3	0
1900	1137	1136	1	0
1910	1122	1117	4th	0
1921	1234	1131	79	24
1930	1314	1104	200	10

Attractions

• Bell house, rebuilt after a fire in 1862
• Statue of St. Donatus (1908)
• Mary statue in the suburb
• Statue on the road to Erdberg
• Prelate's villa with art collections, extensive garden and exotic trees
• Town hall: former manor house (1834)
• War memorial (1921), demolished in 1945
• Underground corridors and chambers ( earth stables ) that were created as hiding places and storage rooms for times of war and emergency. The largest chamber is vaulted with fired bricks, 10 m deep, 60–70 m long and originally had three well-like entrances.

Sons and daughters of the place

• Max Mayer-Ahrdorff († 1928), local poet

literature

• Albin Kratschmann: Commemorative Book of the Possitz Community (1924)
• Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . Heimatwerk publishing house, Munich 1969.
• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , Geislingen an der Steige, 1984.
• Anton Pfister, Lucia Pfister: Possitz, Groß Grillowitz, Neuweidenbach , 1992.
• Karl Hörmann: The Lords of Grusbach and Frischau under the Lords of Breuner 1622 - 1668: Grusbach - Grafendorf - Höflein - Possitz - Frischau - Großgrillowitz - Probitz , South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 1997, ISBN 3-927498-21-1 .
• Karner, P. Lambert : Artificial caves from ancient times, Vienna 1903, reprint 2018, ISBN 978-3-96401-000-1 , Possitz, pp. 203-204.

Web links

Commons : Božice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
3. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
4. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume II, p. 161
5. ↑ Bernd Längin: Die Hutterer , 1986, p. 237
6. ^ Karl Hörmann: The Lords of Grusbach and Frischau under the Lords of Breuner (1622-1668), 1997, p. 118 f.
7. ↑ ^{a b} Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z , 2009
8. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: I dream of a vine , Chapter 7, p. 260
9. ^ Wolfgang Brügel: Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
10. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46 , diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
11. ↑ Emilia Hrabovec: Expulsion and Deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945–1947 , Frankfurt am Main, Bern, New York and Vienna (= Viennese Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996
12. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 277 f . (Possitz).
13. ↑ Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities (1992), Wolframitz p. 254 f.
14. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv. 9th 1984