Prosiměřice

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Prosiměřice
Prosiměřice coat of arms
Prosiměřice (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Znojmo
Area : 644 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 54 '  N , 16 ° 12'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 54 '8 "  N , 16 ° 11' 31"  E
Height: 205  m nm
Residents : 856 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 671 61
License plate : B.
structure
Status: Městys
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Jiří Lukeš (as of 2009)
Address: Prosiměřice 197
671 61 Prosiměřice
Municipality number: 594709
Website : www.prosimerice.cz

Prosiměřice (German Proßmeritz ) is a minor town in South Moravia , Czech Republic . The place is about ten kilometers northeast of Znojmo ( Znaim ).

geography

Prosiměřice is located on the right side of the Jevišovka in the Thaya-Schwarza valley .

Neighboring towns are Vitonice ( Wainitz ) in the north, Stošíkovice na Louce ( Teßwitz an der Wiese ) in the east, Bantice ( Panditz ) in the south, Těšetice ( Töstitz ) in the southwest and Kyjovice ( Gaiwitz ) in the west. The place itself is laid out as a street village.

history

In the 11th to 13th centuries there was a great movement of settlements from west to east. Moravia was ruled by the Přemyslid dynasty from 1031 to 1305 . In order to use larger areas for agriculture and thus achieve higher yields, the colonists advertised them with privileges such as ten years of tax exemption (German settler law). By 1150, the area around Mikulov (Nikolsburg) and Znojmo (Znaim) was settled by German immigrants from Lower Austria . The ui dialect that was spoken until 1945 and the layout of the village show that they originally came from the Bavarian areas of the dioceses of Regensburg and Passau. They brought new agricultural equipment with them and introduced the high-yield three-field economy .

The place was first mentioned in a document in 1226, when Ottokar I gave the place to the Bruck monastery. However, the monastery only received the town's tithes from 1293. In the 14th century, part of the village belonged to the Jaispitz rule. Already in 1435 the place got its third fair. These were always held on the Monday after Palm Sunday, September 1st and December 21st. On September 20, 1540 Proßmeritz was raised to the market by the Bohemian King and later Emperor Ferdinand I. Over the years, the spelling of the place changed several times. In 1226 "Prozimiriz" was written, in 1241 "Prosmeric" and as early as 1251 "Prosmeritz".

During the Thirty Years' War (1625), the House of Liechtenstein received rule over Proßmeritz. This also made the place part of the Kromau rulership. The registers have been kept since 1652. Executions are said to have taken place at this time on the "Galgenhöhe" in the direction of Töstitz. In the 18th century, one part of the village was administered by the Kromau rulers and the other part by the Bruck monastery . Around 1780 a school is built in Proßmeritz.

During the coalition wars, the place was occupied twice (1805 and 1809) by French troops, which resulted in looting. In the 19th century, major fires raged in the village in 1821, 1829 and 1842, causing severe devastation. As a result of these fires, a volunteer fire brigade was set up as early as 1875. In 1884 the school was expanded to three classes and the children from Gaiwitz to Proßmeritz started school. Most of the population lived from agriculture, although the viticulture, which has been cultivated in South Moravia for centuries, hardly played a role. The amount of wine produced never exceeded the local needs. In addition to various types of grain, root crops, sugar beets and cucumbers were also grown. In addition to the usual small business, there were three mills, a doctor and a dairy in Proßmeritz.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War , 1914–1918, was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian-Silesia that were considered German Austria from the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded the disputed territories to Czechoslovakia against the will of the German population there. The South Moravian town of Proßmeritz, whose inhabitants were 100% German South Moravians in 1910 , also fell to the new state. The promised equal status of the minorities was ultimately not granted by the majority people. Measures followed, such as the land reform and the language regulation, which resulted in an increased influx of people of Czech nationality through settlers and newly filled civil servants. These measures intensified tensions between the German and Czech populations. When the autonomy demanded by the German speakers was not negotiated and armed conflicts threatened, the Western powers caused the Czech government to cede the peripheral areas, which was regulated in the Munich Agreement , to Germany. Thus Proßmeritz became a part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau on October 1st, 1938 . From 1939 to 1945 Proßmeritz were combined with the neighboring communities of Bonitz, Gaiwitz and Wainitz.

After the end of the Second World War , the community came back to Czechoslovakia. About half of all citizens of Proßmeritz fled before the onset of post-war excesses by militant Czechs or were in a "wild expulsions" across the border into Austria sold . In August 1945 the victorious powers determined the post-war order in the Potsdam Communiqués (conference). The ongoing collective expulsion of the German population was not mentioned, but an “orderly and humane transfer” of the “German population parts” who “remained in Czechoslovakia” was explicitly required. With the exception of two people, the remaining 206 German South Moravians were officially forcibly resettled to Germany between June 22 and August 27, 1946 . The place was repopulated. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends . Most of the displaced were resident in Germany. Two former Proßmeritzer emigrated to Canada and one to the USA.

Since August 5, 1949 Bohunice is again incorporated into Prosiměřice.

Local division

No districts are shown for Městys Prosiměřice. The location Bohunice ( Bonitz ) belongs to Prosiměřice .

Coat of arms and seal

The first seal mentioned dates back to 1637. It shows a left-turned upright hare in a legend. In the 18th century the place had two seals, as the community was administered by two lords. The seal of the Lordship of Kromau continued to show a left-facing upright hare, while the district under the administration of the Bruck monastery shows a right-hand hare between the capital letters "GP".

The town's coat of arms shows a natural-colored hare making a manikin in the green field.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 567 541 24 2
1890 518 518 0 0
1900 500 499 0 1
1910 494 494 0 0
1921 478 440 23 15th
1930 498 465 24 9

Attractions

  • Parish Church of St. Aegidius (13th century) two altarpieces by Franz Anton Maulbertsch , restored in 1837
  • Chapel with late Romanesque tower (16th century) and frescoes by Josef Winterhalter
  • Statue of St. John of Nepomuk and St. Florians.
  • War memorial

Personalities

  • Horst Walka (* 1942), Head of the Austrian National Bank / St. Pölten branch

Sources and literature

  • Commemorative book to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Turner volunteer fire brigade in Proßmeritz (1894)
  • Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
  • Hadinger: Proßmeritz local history (1899)
  • Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918-1938 , Munich 1967
  • Georg Dehio , Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German Art Monuments in the Ostmark, 1941, Anton Schroll & Co, Proßmeritz p. 382
  • Johann Zabel: Church handler for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Proßmeritz p. 63
  • Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . Munich, Verl. Heimatwerk, 1969
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. , Proßmeritz: p. 32; C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 .
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. , Proßmeritz, p. 196, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X .
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 283, 515 (Proßmeritz).
  • Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim district from A to Z , Proßmeritz, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2006

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. http://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/mitteleuropa/geschichte_tschechiens/pwiedeutscheintschechien100.html
  3. Joachim Rogall: Germans and Czechs: History, Culture, Politics Verlag CH Beck, 2003. ISBN 3-406-45954-4 . Preface by Václav Havel. Chapter: The Přemyslids and the German Colonization S33 f.
  4. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
  5. ^ University of Giessen (Ed.): Sudetendeutschesverzeichnis Vol. 1, 1988, Oldenbourg Verlag, ISBN 978-3-486-54822-8
  6. Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
  7. ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate Moravia , 1837, p. 359
  8. Hadinger: History Proßmeritz , 1899
  9. Hans Zuckriegl: I dream of a vine , Chapter 7, p. 260
  10. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  11. ^ Wolfgang Brügel: Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
  12. O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
  13. Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z 2009
  14. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  15. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 605 (evictions via Znojmo Znojmo).
  16. Mikulov Archives: Odsun Němců - transport odeslaný dne 20. kvĕtna (1946)
  17. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 283 (Proßmeritz).
  18. Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris regni Bohemiae , Volume II, p. 289
  19. Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
  20. ^ Felix Bornemann: Art and Crafts in South Moravia (1990), Proßmeritz, p. 32