Višňové (Czech Republic)
| Višňové | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | ||||
| District : | Znojmo | ||||
| Area : | 1526.5497 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 59 ' N , 16 ° 9' E | ||||
| Height: | 338 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,074 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 671 38 | ||||
| License plate : | B. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Miroslav - Moravské Budějovice | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | Městys | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Vladimír Korek (as of 2015) | ||||
| Address: | Višňové 212 671 38 Višňové |
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| Municipality number: | 595071 | ||||
| Website : | www.visnove.cz | ||||
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Višňové (German Wischenau ) is a minority in the Czech Republic . It is located 14 kilometers southwest of Moravský Krumlov and belongs to the Okres Znojmo .
geography
Višňové is located on the southeastern slope of the Jevišovická pahorkatina ( Jaispitzer hill country ) in the valley of the Višňovský creek. To the east lies the Skalička valley with the Jezírka pond; to the west that of the Křepička, which is dammed two and a half kilometers southwest of Višňové in the Horní Dunajovice reservoir. In the north rises the Stará hora ( Old Mountain or Old Wine Mountains , 376 m nm), to the south the Nová hora ( New Wine Mountains , 306 mnm) and the Šibeniční Kopec (287 m nm). State road II / 400 between Miroslav and Rozkoš runs through the village .
Neighboring towns are Medlice and Horni Kounice in the north, Pustý Zámek, Karolín, Čermákovice , Tulešice and Džbánice in the Northeast, Trstěnice in the east, Skalice and Morašice the southeast, Želetice and Horni Dunajovice in the south, Koráb, Výrovice , Němčičky , Mikulovice and Vevčice in southwest , Mlýnek, Černín , Stupešice and Křepice in the west and Běhařovice and Dobronice in the north-west.
history
Archaeological finds prove an early settlement of the area. The early fortified town of Křepice is one of the oldest in South Moravia, along with the Pustý zámek and Kadov complexes. After the farmer Antonín Kudrna had plowed a number of objects and fragments on his field on the eastern slope of the otherwise wooded spur, he informed the amateur archaeologist Jaroslav Palliardi , who had the spur examined together with the Boskovštejn school director František Vildomec. In the course of the excavations, vessels and shards as well as a jade ax from the Neolithic Age , stool graves from the Bronze Age , ceramics and needles from the urn field culture and a bronze fibula from the Roman era were found .
Višňové was first mentioned in a document in 1234 as the seat of Jan and Matouš from Višňové. Between 1255 and 1258 Jan von Višňové ( Johann von Wischenau ) belonged together with his brother Prawek to the retinue of the Moravian margrave Ottokar II. Přemysl , both of whom signed several documents of the margrave as witnesses. The first mention of a parish church comes from 1255. At the transition from the 13th to the 14th century, today's church was built. Around 1340 Artleb von Želchowic acquired a large part of Višňové, he ceded this to his brother Johann in 1348. A third of the village with the parish patronage, meadows and vineyards belonged to the Olomouc cathedral dean Veit, who gave the property to Alex von Fulstein and Johann von Selowitz in 1350 . The latter left this share together with a court in 1352 to Černín von Popowitz. In 1415 a Bohunek von Wischenau was mentioned. In 1434, Sigmund Beranek von Wischenau is verifiable as the owner. In 1435, the lords of Petrovec acquired the estate, they acquired the title Vysnovsky von Petrowic ( Višňovští z Petrovce ). Zych von Petrowic owned the estate in 1466, and in 1480 he left it to his children Johann and Elsbeth. The next owner was Johann von Leipa on Moravský Krumlov , who in 1529 assigned the estate Wischenau with the festivals, the village and the market Wischenau and the desert village Gehřic to Jodok Wyšnowsky von Petrowec. Wischenau was first mentioned as a market. At the same time, Johann von Pernstein had the parish patronage with the rectory and two inmates transferred to Heinrich Březnický von Náchod . This ceded the parish and the farm in 1541 against interest payments in the surrounding villages to Jodok Wyšnowsky. In 1560 Heinrich Wyšnowsky von Petrowec inherited the estate, followed by his children Sigmund Jodok and Barbara. Sigmund Jodok Wyšnowsky von Petrowec sold his half of Wischenau in 1580 to Johann Zahradecky von Zahradek, who a little later bought the Stignitz estate with the fortress and the Stignitz farm including vineyards and accessories as well as the desert villages Lišanowice and Střelice from the Lev von Rosental . Barbara Wyšnowska von Petrowec sold her half to the fortress, the farm, the town and the village Wischenau with a vineyard and a share from Medlitz to Wolf Koňaš von Wydří in 1589. In 1596 Jan Zahrádecký von Zahrádka auf Wischenau and Stignitz and his wife Barbora Višňovská von Petrovec had the church renovated. From 1609 the rule Wischenau belonged to the Moravian under chamberlain Heinrich Zahradecky von Zahradek. His successor, Karl Zahradecky von Zahradek, sold the estate to Alexander Elbogner von Unterschönfeld in 1629 for 54,000 Moravian guilders. At that time, the rulership included the fortress, the village and the town of Wischenau with a farm, a sheep farm, a distillery, a mill and the desolate villages of Unter Gyřic, Ober Gyřic and Gutwasser; the share of Stignitz with a festival, yard, brewery and malt house, sheep farm, mill, the desert village Střelice and a share in the desert village Lešanowice; the Feste Spanitz including a share in the village of the same name, as well as the village Medlice with a yard and accessories. Ludwig Elbogner was heavily in debt since 1648. Since his creditors could not agree on their shares, the dispute had to be settled in court in 1662. The main creditor, Peter von Morand, ceded his claim of 95,190 guilders to Johann Gabriel von Selb in 1667. The next owner was his son Johann Franz Anton von Selb, then his widow Johanna Sophia Countess Althann . After a division of the estate, their eldest son, Johann Karl von Selb, received the rule of Wischenau in 1727, and on July 1, 1729 he sold it to his younger brother Johann Anton for 277,500 Rhenish guilders. After his death Wischenau fell to the four daughters Johanna von Stahrenberg, Karolina von Buol-Wischenau , Wilhelmina and Friederika as well as his widow Ernestina. The rule was administered since 1754 by Karolina's husband Johann Paul von Buol-Wischenau. Due to excessive indebtedness, the rule was auctioned off on April 19, 1765 and went to Johann Paul von Buol-Wischenau for 299,931 Rhenish guilders. In 1772 he bequeathed the rule to his ten children. In 1775 Wischenau was the center of the South Moravian peasant uprising. On September 4, 1793, Rudolph Count Taaffe was judicially awarded a tenth of the rule because of a claim of 3000 guilders. He bought the remaining nine tenths of the Wischenau estate on September 24, 1793 for 251,190 guilders and 30 ducats from the siblings Maria Anna Bartonides von Tyran, Josepha, Regina, Konrad, Joseph, Georg Anton and Franz von Buol-Wischenau. In 1824 a large fire destroyed 26 houses, 16 farm buildings and the church; In the following decade up to 1833 another 22 fires, some of which were larger, broke out in Wischenau. When the crushing riot broke out in Wischenau in 1832, 27 people died within nine days.
In 1830 Rudolf's son Ludwig Count Taaffe inherited the rule. In 1836 he sold it for 375,000 guilders to Kaspar Philipp Spiegel zumhabenberg-Hanxleden , who bequeathed Wischenau to his underage son Ferdinand in his will on March 12, 1837. According to Kaspar Philip's last will, the rule should be elevated to entails for Ferdinand with substitution for his younger brother Christoph and his male descendants.
In 1834 the allodial rule of Wischenau covered an area of 7025 yoke 1588 square fathoms. The market Wischenau and the villages of Medlitz , Stignitz and Zbanitz belonged to it . In 1606 Moravian-speaking and Catholic people lived in the area, whose source of income was agriculture. Large-scale viticulture had declined sharply at that time as a result of persistent bad harvests, and a large part of the vineyards had become arable land. Both the rulers and the subjects cultivated fruit trees. The manorial forests were managed in two forest districts, the Wischenauer and the Stignitzer. Four farms in Wischenau, Medlitz, Zbanitz and Stignitz were managed by the rulers .
The market Wischenau or Wišnowý consisted of 115 houses with 618 inhabitants. In the village there was a stately castle with an English garden, the branch church of John the Baptist, a school under the patronage of the community, an authoritative farm as well as a community inn and retreat. The parish was Stignitz. Until the middle of the 19th century, Wischenau was the place of the allodial rule of the same name.
After the abolition of patrimonial formed Višňová / Wischenau 1849 a market town in the judicial district Kromau. In 1868 the community became part of the Kromau district. In 1924 the Czech place name was changed to Višňové . In the course of the abolition of the Okres Moravský Krumlov Višňové was assigned to the Okres Znojmo in 1961. On January 23, 2007 the status of Višňové was renewed as Městys .
Viticulture is now limited to three vineyards on the Nová hora south of the town.
Community structure
No districts are shown for the minor town Višňové. One-layer Mlýnek belongs to Višňové.
Sons and daughters of the church
- Johann Joseph Baron and Panierherr von Buol-Wischenau (1756–1825), Olomouc canon and provost of St. Mauritz, author
Attractions
- Višňové Castle, in the middle of the 16th century, the medieval fortress was rebuilt into a renaissance castle, which was redesigned in Baroque style in 1779. In 1836 the late baroque complex was redesigned in the Empire style. In the middle of the 19th century, an English landscape garden with rare trees and statues of ancient gods was laid out around the castle. In the corridor and staircase of the castle there are three Renaissance tombstones, which probably come from the church. After the Second World War, Maria Ferdinand Spiegel-Theseberg was expropriated and the castle was used as a children's home. Today the castle houses an educational facility for boys.
- Church of John the Baptist, it was built between the 13th and 14th centuries and was mentioned as a parish church as early as 1255. The parish became extinct in the second half of the 16th century. In 1596 Jan Zahrádecký from Zahrádka on Višňové and Trstěnice and his wife Barbora Višňovská from Petrovec had the church renovated. This is reminiscent of an inscription above the Renaissance portal “Léta páně 1596 wizdwižen a obnowen gest tento chrám Páně ke cti a chvále Boží nákladem urozeného a stateczného ritirze Jana Zahradezkého ze zahrádek na Wissnowem a Trstéonici Petrození from 1824 the church received a new roof and tower. It was given its present form between 1894 and 1901. Below the choir there are eight Renaissance tombstones belonging to owners of the estate from the 16th and 17th centuries. There is also a family crypt of the Counts Taaffe in the church.
- Statue of St. Florian, created in the first half of the 18th century
- Statue of St. Wenceslas with a memorial stone for the fallen of both world wars
- Statue of St. John of Nepomuk, on the bridge over the Višňovský potok, was created in the middle of the 18th century
- Wind turbine, built in 1910 by the Vienna branch of the Deutsche Windturbinen Werke Rudolph Brauns, Dresden, on the initiative of Ferdinand Spiegel-Theseberg , to drive the pumps for the local drinking water supply. The wind turbine was converted to electric motor drive in the early 1940s and shut down in 1948. It has been a cultural monument since 1993. It was redeveloped at the end of the 1990s.
- Stará hora, the unwooded hill north of the town that was formerly used as a vineyard, offers a wide view over the Thaya-Schwarza valley basin to the Pollau mountains and Austria
- The early fortification of Křepice, southwest of the town on a spur above the confluence of the Křepička and Stupešický potok rivers
- Pustý zámek archaeological site, in the forest north of Višňové
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/595071/Visnove
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate Moravia topographically, statistically and historically described , III. Volume: Znaimer Kreis (1837), pp. 564-572
- ↑ http://www.visnove.cz/?page_id=531
- ↑ http://www.visnove.cz/?page_id=5437