Damnice

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Damnice
Coat of arms of ????
Damnice (Czech Republic)
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Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Znojmo
Area : 799 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 55 '  N , 16 ° 22'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 55 '13 "  N , 16 ° 22' 27"  E
Height: 198  m nm
Residents : 341 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 671 78
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Lenka Hodaňová (status: 2009)
Address: Damnice 141
671 78 Jiřice u Miroslavi
Municipality number: 593907
Website : www.obecni-urad.net/damnice
Damnice 2015

Damnice (German Damitz ) is a municipality in Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo District), Jihomoravský kraj (South Moravia Region) in the Czech Republic . The village was laid out as a Breitangerdorf .

geography

The neighboring towns are Suchohrdly u Miroslavi ( Socherl ) in the north, Jiřice u Miroslavi ( Irritz ) in the east, Dolenice ( Tullnitz ) in the south and Václavov in the north-west .

history

In the 11th to 13th centuries there was a great movement of settlements from west to east. Moravia was ruled by the Přemyslid dynasty from 1031 to 1305 . In order to use larger areas for agriculture and thus achieve higher yields, the colonists advertised them, for example, with ten years of tax exemption (German settler law). Until 1150 the area around Mikulov (Nikolsburg) and Znojmo (Znaim) was settled by German immigrants from Lower Austria , including Damnice (German Damitz). The layout of the village and the ui dialect show that they originally came from the Bavarian areas of the dioceses of Regensburg and Passau. They brought new agricultural equipment with them and introduced the high-yield three-field economy . The place was first mentioned in a document in 1353. Over the centuries, the name of the place changed several times. In 1353 they wrote “Dampnycz”, 1355 “Tampnycz”, 1361 “Damycz”, 1672 “Dammitz” and from 1720 “Damitz”.

In 1490 Georg von Weitmühl received rule over the place. From 1535 the place belonged to the community of Schattau for a long time. In the Thirty Years' War the village was completely destroyed and deserted. The parish registers of the place were conducted since the 1631st Online search via the Brno State Archives. In 1665 the Bruck monastery bought the place and repopulated it. The layout of the place and the "ui" dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) spoken until 1945 with its special Bavarian passwords indicate that the settlers came from Austria and southern Germany.

After the dissolution of the monastery under Emperor Josef II , the place came under the rule of Misslitz. From this rule it was administered until 1848. In 1794, a major fire raged in the village and destroyed half of all houses. Around 1824 Damitz is sold to the noble von Hopfen. During the German-Austrian war, Prussian soldiers dragged cholera into the town. The Vienna - Brno railway line, built in 1870, passes near the village. Due to the increasing number of students, a new school building was built in 1882, which was expanded in 1912. In 1894 the volunteer fire brigade was founded. The inhabitants of Damitz lived for the most part from livestock and agriculture, with viticulture, which has been cultivated in South Moravia for centuries, only played a subordinate role. In this way, the quantities produced never exceeded our own requirements. In addition to various types of grain, maize and sugar beet were also grown. The high-quality wheat was intended for the production of semolina, with which the inhabitants made large profits. Hunting hares, partridges and pheasants in the municipality was also profitable. In addition to the usual small business, there were two brickworks and a machine fitter. From 1935 Damitz had a mineral bath.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War , 1914–1918, was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian-Silesia that were considered German Austria from the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded these disputed territories to Czechoslovakia against the will of the local population. Damitz, whose inhabitants were 97% German South Moravians in 1910, also fell to the Czechoslovak Republic . In the interwar period , measures such as the land reform or the language ordinance reinforced the Germans' growing aspirations for autonomy and led to tensions within the country, and further to the Munich Agreement , which saw the cession of the peripheral areas inhabited by Sudeten Germans (assignment after the proclamation of the CSSR, 1919) to Germany regulated. In 1938 the place came to the German Reich and became part of the Reichsgau Niederdonau . - Due to the harsh winter of 1928/29, the winter wheat froze in the fields. The place was electrified in 1931. In 1932 a gymnasium and a playground were built. Because of the mineral spring and the outdoor swimming pool, Damitz was added to the list of tourist destinations in 1935.

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 23 victims among the Damitzers, the community came back to Czechoslovakia on May 8, 1945. In the following months the houses of the German residents were taken over by Czech "property managers". Many Damitzers fled the excesses to Austria or were driven across . 13 German-Moravian civilians were killed. A legal processing of the events did not take place. The Beneš Decree 115/1946 ( Law on Exemption from Punishment ) declares actions up to October 28, 1945 in the struggle to regain freedom ..., or which aimed at just retribution for the acts of the occupiers or their accomplices ... not unlawful. In August 1945 the victorious powers determined the post-war order in the Potsdam Communiqués (conference). The ongoing collective expulsion of the German population was not mentioned in it, but an “orderly and humane transfer” of the “German population parts” who remained in Czechoslovakia was explicitly required. 125 citizens of Damitz were forcibly resettled to West Germany between March 30th and October 11th, 1946; some men interned in the camp only in November 1946. In the report by Francis E. Walter to the US House of Representatives it was noted that these transports did not correspond to this transfer provision.

Seven people remained in the place. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 , the assets of the Protestant church were liquidated by the Beneš decree 131 and the Catholic Church was expropriated in the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

With the exception of 25 families, the Damitzers in Austria were transferred to Germany in accordance with the original transfer goals of the Potsdam Agreement .

Coat of arms and seal

The community had a seal from 1750 . It shows a winemaker's knife, a grape and a plow next to each other. The seal is said to have resembled that of the Dobelitz community.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 433 404 29 0
1890 422 416 6th 0
1900 468 458 10 0
1910 532 514 18th 0
1921 579 524 53 2
1930 547 505 41 2

Attractions

  • Bell tower "Glöckelhäusel" (1822) as a landmark, May devotions;
  • Village chapel
  • War memorial (1925)
  • Mineral spring (containing manganese, iron and iodine, 14 °)

regional customs

  • Until the expulsion of the German residents, devotions took place three times a week in the bell house during the month of May.
  • In gratitude for the end of the cholera (1866), a pilgrimage to Maria Dreieichen was held every Whitsun. The second place of pilgrimage was Lechwitz.
  • The Kirtag took place in June and was one of the first in South Moravia. He was mockingly called "Solotkiritog" (Salatkirtag).

Personalities

  • Cyrill Zeihsel (1870–1924): Mayor, member of the state parliament
  • Ludwig Wieder (1870–1951). Doctor. Local history explorer. Publicist.
  • Gerhard Hanak (* 1936): local history researcher. Winner of the Prof. Josef Freising Prize
  • Gerhard Zeihsel (* 1939): From 1987 to 1996 Member of the State Parliament (State and City of Vienna), Federal Chairman of the Sudeten German Landsmannschaft in Austria, Golden Decoration of Honor of the City of Vienna. Winner of the Dr. Rudolf Lodman von Auen plaque.

literature

  • Ludwig Wieder: Damitz. Znojmo (1935)
  • Edmund Sofka / Edmund Wieder: Heimatbuch der Gemeinde Irritz - Damitz - Tullnitz , Ulm 1975.
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and crafts in South Moravia , Damitz, s. 3, C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 .
  • Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities , Damitz, s. 43, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X .
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 267 f . (Damtiz).

Web links

Commons : Damnice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ↑ http://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/mitteleuropa/geschichte_tschechiens/pwiedeutscheintschechien100.html
  3. ↑ Joachim Rogall: Germans and Czechs: History, Culture, Politics Verlag CH Beck, 2003. ISBN 3 406 45954 4 . Preface by Václav Havel. Chapter: The Přemyslids and the German Colonization S33 f.
  4. ^ A b Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
  5. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
  6. ^ Franz Josef Schwoy : Topographie vom Markgrafthum Moravia, Volume 3 , 1794, p. 270
  7. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 24, 2011.
  8. ^ University of Giessen (Ed.): Sudetendeutschesverzeichnis Vol. 1, 1988, Oldenbourg Verlag, ISBN 978-3-486-54822-8
  9. ↑ Joachim Rogall: Germans and Czechs: History, Culture, Politics Verlag CH Beck, 2003. ISBN 3 406 45954 4 . Preface by Václav Havel. The Přemyslids and the German Colonization S33 f.
  10. ^ E. Sofka: Heimatbuch der Gemeinde Irritz-Damitz-Tullnitz , 1975, p.97
  11. ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate of Moravia , 1837, p. 393
  12. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  13. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
  14. ↑ a b Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z , 2009
  15. ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The Znaim district from AZ, 2009, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, Book of the Dead p. 378.
  16. ^ A b Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  17. ^ Walter, Francis E. (1950): Expellees and Refugees of German ethnic Origin. Report of a Special Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, HR 2nd Session, Report No. 1841, Washington, March 24, 1950.
  18. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46, diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
  19. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 267 f . (Damitz).
  20. ↑ Zemske desky Brno Vol. II , 1856, p. 939
  21. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984