Jiřice u Miroslavi

Jiřice u Miroslavi
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Area :	852 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 55 '  N , 16 ° 24'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 55 '12 "  N , 16 ° 23' 52"  E
Height:	198  m nm
Residents :	471 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	671 78
License plate :	B.
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Magda Hladíková (status: 2009)
Address:	Jiřice u Miroslavi 42 671 78 Jiřice u Miroslavi
Municipality number:	594229
Website :	www.jirice.cz

Jiřice u Miroslavi (German Irritz ) is a municipality in the Jihomoravský kraj (South Moravia region). It is located about 20 km northeast of the city of Znojmo (Znaim) and about 15 km from the border with Austria .

geography

The neighboring villages are Damnice ( Damitz ) in the west, Trnové Pole in the north, Litobratřice ( Leipertitz ) in the south and Troskotovice .

history

The layout of the place and the "ui" dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) spoken until 1945 with its special Bavarian passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they did around 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. The first written mention of the place was in 1378. The spelling of the place changed over the years. In 1378 they wrote “Yricz”, 1609 “Girzicz” and from 1672 “Irritz”. From 1385 to 1581 the place was owned by the Brno Poor Clare Monastery. In 1609 a castle was built in the village. From 1634 the place belonged to the provost of Nikolsburg. A school in the village is mentioned as early as 1652. During the 17th century the place was raised to a market town. Three markets were held in the year. The first on the Tuesday before Palm Sunday, the second on August 10th and the third on September 29th. In 1832 27 houses and the church burned out completely.

During the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, cholera was brought into the town by Prussian soldiers. 99 residents of the place fell victim to this epidemic. A volunteer fire brigade was founded in the village as early as 1882. In 1908 an elementary school was opened for the 60th anniversary of the Kaiser Franz Josef. For the most part, farmers lived in the village, so that around the turn of the century there were still around 150 farms.

After the First World War , which claimed 22 victims among the madmen, the multi-ethnic state of Austria-Hungary fell apart . The 1919 peace treaty of Saint Germain declared the place, which in 1910 was 96% inhabited by German South Moravians , to be part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . In the next few years there was an increased influx of people of Czech nationality through the appointment of new civil servants. The place was electrified in the interwar period . According to the Munich Agreement in 1938, the place belonged to the Reichsgau Niederdonau until 1945 .

During the Second World War , the place suffered 52 victims. After the end of the war (May 8, 1945), the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1939), including the town of Irritz, were reassigned to Czechoslovakia based on the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) . After the withdrawal of the Red Army soldiers came - mostly non-local - militant Czechs and national militia in the town and started wild expulsions of German local residents across the border to Austria. It resulted in a civilian death. Others fled from these excesses, assuming they would be able to return soon. In August 1945 the victorious powers determined the post-war order in the Potsdam Communiqués (conference). The ongoing collective expulsion of the German population was not mentioned, but an “orderly and humane transfer” of the “German population parts” who “remained in Czechoslovakia” was explicitly required. With the exception of three local residents, the remaining German Moravians were officially forcibly relocated to West Germany in 1946 . According to Beneš Decree 108 of October 25, 1945, the entire property of German citizens was confiscated and placed under state administration. The Czech Republic made no compensation for the confiscated assets.

Of the displaced persons, 31 remained in Austria and the majority of them settled in Germany. Two families emigrated to the USA.

The place had registers since 1635 . All birth, marriage and death registers up to 1949 are in the Brno State Archives.

Coat of arms and seal

The first community seal was from 1609. It shows a Renaissance shield with a stick ending in a ring, the tip of which is provided with half a heraldic lily and half a six-pointed star.

In the 19th century the place received a new seal , which shows a vine. from 1920 to 1938 the community had an image-free, bilingual community temple.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	748	692	44	12
1890	661	640	20th	1
1900	719	653	66	0
1910	684	658	26th	0
1921	711	652	46	13
1930	708	666	33	9

Attractions

• Parish Church of St. Anna (1902), in place of the Church of St. Ulrich (1507) which was destroyed by fire in 1831. The west tower was added here.
• Castle (1750)
• St. John of Nepomuk (1724) instead of a pillory
• War memorial (1923)
• Jewish cemetery , built in the 18th century

Sons and daughters of the place

• Ernest Maria Müller (1822–1888), Bishop of Linz, member of the state parliament

regional customs

Rich customs determined the course of the year for the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46:

• The Kirtag always took place on the first Sunday after the birth of Mary in September.

literature

• Johann Zabel: Church handler for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Irritz p. 59
• Josef Bauer: Irritzer dead of the two world wars, memorial sheets. , 1994
• Edmund Sofka / Wieder: Heimatbuch der Gemeinde Irritz - Damitz - Tullnitz. , 1975
• Adalbert Karl Gauss : Resettlers, refugees, displaced persons and new citizens in Austria . 1979. Salzburg: Austrian Refugee Archives
• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities (1992), Irritz p. 98f

Web links

Commons : Jiřice u Miroslavi  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Irritz in "Old Postcard Motifs of the South Moravian Communities"
• Ortschronik from the center of Europe
• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
3. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume XI, pp. 114f
4. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
5. ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The Znaim district from AZ. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2010, Book of the Dead p. 378
6. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
7. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 269 f . (Irritz).
8. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 10, 2011.
9. ^ Sofka: Heimatbuch der Gemeinde Irritz-Damitz-Tullnitz, 1975
10. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
11. ^ Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia (1990), Irritz, p.13
12. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z , 2009