Horní Břečkov
Horní Břečkov | ||||
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Basic data | ||||
State : | Czech Republic | |||
Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | |||
District : | Znojmo | |||
Area : | 2111.1109 ha | |||
Geographic location : | 48 ° 53 ' N , 15 ° 54' E | |||
Height: | 405 m nm | |||
Residents : | 252 (Jan. 1, 2019) | |||
Postal code : | 671 02 | |||
License plate : | B. | |||
traffic | ||||
Street: | Lesná - Mašovice | |||
structure | ||||
Status: | local community | |||
Districts: | 2 | |||
administration | ||||
Mayor : | Petra Formanová (as of 2015) | |||
Address: | Horní Břečkov 70 671 02 Šumná |
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Municipality number: | 594075 | |||
Website : | www.hornibreckov.cz |
Horní Břečkov (German Oberfröschau ) is a municipality with 252 inhabitants (January 1, 2019) in the Czech Republic . It is 405 m above sea level. M. south of the road from Vranov nad Dyjí to Znojmo near the Czech-Austrian border and belongs to the Okres Znojmo .
geography
Neighboring towns are Lesná u Znojma (Liliendorf), Vracovice , Milíčovice (Millerschitz) and Lukov (Luggau).
history
In the 11th to 13th centuries there was a great movement of settlements from west to east. Moravia was ruled by the Přemyslid dynasty from 1031 to 1305 . In order to use larger areas for agriculture and thus achieve higher yields, the colonists advertised them with privileges such as ten years of tax exemption (German settler law). By 1150, the area around Mikulov (Nikolsburg) and Znojmo (Znaim) was settled by German immigrants from Lower Austria . The ui dialect that was spoken until 1945 and the layout of the village show that they originally came from the Bavarian areas of the dioceses of Regensburg and Passau. They brought new agricultural equipment with them and introduced the high-yield three-field economy .
Oberfröschau was first mentioned in a document issued in Prague on September 28, 1323 . The Klemenskirche dates from the second half of the 16th century. At times there was an upper and a low frost, but both places became deserted in the Thirty Years War . After the Peace of Westphalia the place was re-established as "Frischau" and named in 1671 as a German village under the rule of Frain. The form of the name "Fröschau" had been in use since 1710. Later in the 18th century the place received the addition "Ober-".
In 1749 the church was renovated and tiled under Princess Marie Anna Pignatelli. In 1831 the church was expanded. During this work a stone with the year 1198 was found, which indicates the existence of an earlier chapel. The rectory was built in 1786 and the old school in 1806. A new school was built in 1904. In 1856 and 1876 two fires raged in the village and caused severe damage.
In 1900, a “savings and loan fund” was founded together with the towns of Luggau, Milleschitz, Edenthurn, Liliendorf and Zaisa. The same communities jointly founded a dairy cooperative in 1924.
After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated . The peace treaty of Saint Germain awarded the place, whose inhabitants were 99.2% German Moravians in 1910, to the new Czechoslovak Republic . In the interwar period , measures such as the land reform in 1919 and the language regulation in 1926 increased the settlement of Czechs. As a result of the Munich Agreement , Czechoslovakia had to cede the German-speaking peripheral areas to the German Empire. Between 1938 and 1945 the place Oberfröschau belonged to the district of Znojmo . On April 1, 1939, the neighboring towns of Edenthun, Liliendorf, Milleschitz and Zaisa were combined with Oberfröschau to form one community.
After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 22 victims from the place, the community came back to Czechoslovakia on May 8, 1945. All but two German citizens of the place, fled before the onset of post-war excesses by non-local, militant Czechs or were crossing the border into Austria sold . The last two German citizens were expelled to Germany on June 22nd and August 11th, 1946. The property of the German residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the local Catholic church was expropriated during the communist era . Twenty families of the expelled Oberfröschauers were able to stay in Austria, the rest were transferred to Germany. The place was repopulated. Čížov was incorporated in 1960.
The place has had its own registers since 1785 . From 1840 these are carried by Schönwald.
Coat of arms and seal
A seal has been known since the 18th century. It shows a heart cut by a saw, surrounded by two stars and raised by a flower. From the 19th century, Oberfröschau only had a non-image stamp. This was bilingual between 1920 and 1938.
Population development of Oberfröschau
census | Total population | Ethnicity of the inhabitants | ||
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year | German | Czechs | Other | |
1880 | 355 | 339 | 16 | - |
1890 | 387 | 387 | - | - |
1900 | 327 | 324 | - | - |
1910 | 369 | 366 | 2 | 1 |
1921 | 382 | 321 | 46 | 15th |
1930 | 384 | 338 | 31 | 15th |
Community structure
The municipality Horní Břečkov consists of the districts and cadastral districts Čížov ( Zaisa ) and Horní Břečkov ( Oberfröschau ).
Attractions
- Parish Church of St. Klemens (1499) with high altar (1760) and picture by Josef Winterhalter . After Wolny, the Oberfröschau church is one of the twelve oldest churches in Moravia. During the renovation in 1831, a stone with the date 1198 is said to have been found in the presbytery.
- Rectory (1786)
- War memorial (1922)
- Luitgardenwarte on the Thaya near Čížov with a view of Hardegg
- Chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Fourteen Holy Helpers in Čížov
- The Iron Curtain Memorial with a watchtower in Čížov
Say from the place
- One day an old woman donated all her money to build the chapel there. When the chapel was finished, the pastor promised to pray an Our Father for them every Sunday. Soon afterwards the old woman died and one prayed for her soul's salvation. But years later the pastor also died and the new pastor did not know anything about it and so the soul prayer did not take place. One night two men were walking past the chapel and heard the bell ring. Thereupon they ran to the Messner and the three of them went into the chapel. In front of the altar they saw a small figure dressed in black who said, "My Guldn and Kreizer needed it for the chapel, but what is my Father?" After the figure said that, it disappeared. The new pastor then went through the chronicles and discovered the foundation for the old woman. Since then, people have been busy praying for the deceased again.
- Once some men decided in a basement at the community smithy to swear the devil that it would bring them a lot of money. Since they didn't feel completely at ease with the company, they told their wives that if they didn't come back, they should go into the basement and look. When the men actually did not come, the women went to the said cellar. There they saw their husbands passed out on the ground with horror, while the incarnate sat between them on a kettle full of money. He said, "If you women find a clergyman who is pure, he can redeem the men through a mass, if he revives." They then fetched a young priest from the monastery, who hurriedly read a mass. Then the bad guy and his money disappeared and the men woke up and staggered home. When the community blacksmith opened the front door of his workshop that night, a large black dog was sitting on his anvil with a tongue of fire spraying sparks. The blacksmith quickly closed the door and hurried to the back entrance and tried to get into the forge. But even there the devil dog stared menacingly at him. Now the horror overcame the blacksmith and fled home. Immediately afterwards he became terminally ill and died.
Other legends are:
- Origin of the name and the kingdoms of the frogs
- The twelve
- The hidden silver treasure
- Grasl, the master of covering and the teacher from Oberfröschau
literature
- Franz Mühlberger: The parish of Ober-Fröschau at the time of the imperial jubilee in 1898 (1898)
- Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart: Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark, 1941
- Ilse Tielsch-Felzmann: South Moravian legends . 1969, Munich, Heimatwerk publishing house
- Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
- Franz Witamwas: Heimatbuch and Chronik von Oberfröschau (1980)
- Dörr / Kerl: Eastern Germany and the settlement areas in Eastern and Southeastern Europe (extended edition) (1991)
- Arge Facts Opinions Standpoints , Volume 2 (2003)
- Sudeten German Family Research, June 2005 (2005)
- Elfriede Klien-Paweletz: Reading traces in South Moravian town plans (2005)
- Felix Ermacora : The unresolved peace. St. Germain and the Consequences , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1998, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
- Alfred Schickel : The expulsion of the Germans . History, background, reviews. 2nd Edition. MUT, Asendorf 1987, ISBN 9783891820148
swell
- Johann Zabel: Church handler for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Ober-Fröschau p. 53
- Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts (1992), Ober-Fröschau p. 9
- Bruno Kaukal: Wappen und Siegel (1992), Ober-Fröschau p. 172f
- Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 311 (Ober-Fröschau).
Web links
- http://www.europas-mitte.de/Oberfroeschau.pdf On the history of the place (PDF; 102 kB)
- Cultural database of displaced persons
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/594075/Horni-Breckov
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ http://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/mitteleuropa/geschichte_tschechiens/pwiedeutscheintschechien100.html
- ↑ Joachim Rogall: Germans and Czechs: History, Culture, Politics Verlag CH Beck, 2003. ISBN 3 406 45954 4 . Preface by Václav Havel. Chapter: The Přemyslids and the German Colonization S33 f.
- ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
- ^ University of Giessen (Ed.): Sudetendeutschesverzeichnis Vol. 1, 1988, Oldenbourg Verlag, ISBN 978-3-486-54822-8
- ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
- ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
- ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, p. 244, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , Oberfröschau 311, 315, 507, 573.
- ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae Bl. VII p. 217
- ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/594075/Obec-Horni-Breckov
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/594075/Obec-Horni-Breckov
- ^ Gregor Wolny : Kirchliche Topographie von Maehren, Volume 3, 1793-1871
- ↑ South Moravian Yearbook, 1978, p. 166.
- ↑ South Moravian Yearbook, 1975, p. 168.
- ^ Zuckriegl: Im Märchenland der Thayana, 2000, self-published, p. 101f