Litobratřice

Litobratřice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Area :	1995 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 53 '  N , 16 ° 24'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 52 '56 "  N , 16 ° 24' 0"  E
Height:	220  m nm
Residents :	468 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	671 78
License plate :	B.
traffic
Street:	Trnové Pole - Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Milan Kadlečík (as of 2007)
Address:	Litobratřice 187 671 78 Jiřice u Miroslavi
Municipality number:	594369
Website :	www.litobratrice.cz

Litobratřice (German Leipertitz ) is a municipality in Jihomoravský kraj (South Moravia Region), Znojmo District ( Znojmo District ) in the Czech Republic . It is located 18 kilometers southeast of Moravský Krumlov ( Mährisch Kromau ).

geography

The place is surrounded by fields with rolling hills, small streams and woods. The Staatzer castle ruins are on the southern horizon and the Pollau Mountains (Czech Pavlovské vrchy ) to the southeast . Locust trees surround the place. The landmark of the community, the church with the 37 m high steeple, is visible from afar. The Ortsbach, named after the village, rises in some springs in the northwest corner of the municipality, first feeds the artificially created Ortsteich, then flows through the municipality in a south-easterly direction and joins the Dümholzer Au with the Thaya .

The neighboring towns are in the north Jiřice u Miroslavi ( Irritz ) Damnice ( Damnitz ) Dolenice ( Tullnitz ) Troskotovice ( Treskowitz ), in the southeast of Drnholec ( Dürnholz ), in the south Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou ( Grusbach ) and to the west Břežany near Znojmo ( Frischau ).

history

Leipertitz was first mentioned in 1278 under the name Lupratitz as a larger town with the church of St. George and parish. In 1395 the place was owned as Lonpraticz by the Benedictine abbey Wilomow. In 1450 the Kromau lord Heinrich von Lipa wrested the parish from the abbey, including tithe and court. 1672 appears in the chronicles Leypertitz and from 1718 Leipertitz.

The layout of the place and the ui dialect , which was spoken in the place until 1945, were Bavarian-Austrian. The typical characteristic sounds include the above in words such as "zwoa" two, "broat" wide, "loab" loaf, or the sound "ui", as found in the words "Kui" cow, "Bruada" brother is. The settlement took place from 1050, but mostly in the 12th century, mostly from the Bavarian areas of the dioceses of Regensburg and Passau. They cleared the land and introduced the three-field economy . With this epoch-making form of cultivation, the use of the iron plow and the iron harrow, they were able to significantly increase agricultural yields.

Information from the land register of 1414 shows that the town of Paulowitz (Paulwitz), three kilometers south of Leipertitz, was already deserted 200 years before the Thirty Years' War . After the Wars of Religion, the Paulowitz district was incorporated into that of Leipertitz. This is confirmed by a boundary stone at the southernmost point, the Haidäckern, from 1681.

Most of Moravia became Lutheran in the 16th century. Litobratřice (Leipertitz) also had the last Catholic pastor around 1530. Then two Protestant pastors worked in the village. After the battle on the White Mountain, Protestantism was pushed back and Catholicism was promoted again. During this time two Jesuits were active in popular missions to bring the local residents back to the Catholic faith. In 1674 the landlord, Prince Hartmann von Liechtenstein, had the dilapidated rectory restored and re-donated the parish. In the same year one of the first schools in South Moravia was built in house number 134. In 1818 a new school building was built, which burned down in 1842 and was rebuilt in two classes in 1869. In accordance with the requirements, a new two-story school building followed in the center of the village in 1884/1885. In 2018/2019 this building was renovated and redesigned and the bushes and trees standing around it were removed. In the future, the building will be used as a cultural center.

During the Thirty Years' War , the local population sought protection from the Swedish Soldateska in the underground, head-high corridors that run in a south-easterly direction along the left row of houses from the “large village” to the “lower village”. There was an iron-studded entrance door in the deep well of house number 116. Only 150 local residents survived these war years.

The entire north side of the village burned down over the brook in 1842, and there was also a great conflagration in 1860. Leipertitz was badly hit by the French in 1809 and 1813 and by the Prussians in 1866. Hundreds of local residents died of the plague in 1714 and 1855 and cholera in 1866.

The two sulfur-containing wells, one in the village and the second on the south side (Paulowitz), were never used for healing purposes. Studies from 1995 confirm a huge, economically usable medicinal water lake under Litobratřice. Most of the people of Leipertitz lived from livestock and agriculture, with viticulture , which had been cultivated in South Moravia for centuries, played a special role. Around 1900, however, the wine-growing areas decreased continuously, among other things because of the onset of phylloxera plague , so that in 1945 production was only for the local needs. Due to the favorable climate, several types of fruit were grown in addition to various types of grain. Fish farming and hunting in the municipality were also very profitable. In addition to a flourishing small business, there was also a brick factory in the village.

In the First World War , the place had to mourn 48 dead. One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded the disputed territories against the will of the people of Czechoslovakia. The south Moravian town of Leipertitz, whose inhabitants were 100% German South Moravians in 1910 , also fell to the new state. The promised equal position of the minorities was ultimately not granted by the majority people. Measures such as the land reform and the language ordinance follow to settle Czechs in the German municipalities. This exacerbated tensions. When the autonomy demanded by the German speakers was not negotiated and armed conflicts threatened, the Western powers caused the Czech government to cede the peripheral areas, which was regulated in the Munich Agreement , to Germany. Thus, on October 1, 1938, Leipertitz became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau .

After the end of the Second World War , the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement were reassigned to Czechoslovakia based on the Treaty of Saint-Germain . From May 20, 1945, militant Czechs took possession of the place and imposed martial law. Before the onset of excesses , part of the German-Moravian population fled across the nearby border to Austria. A woman was shot dead by Czechs near Fröllersdorf. When attempting a post-war order, the victorious powers of the Second World War did not take a specific position on August 2, 1945 in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, on the wild and collective expulsions of the German population. However, they explicitly called for an orderly and humane transfer of the parts of the German population who remained in Czechoslovakia . Between March 15 and October 3, 1946, the last 645 Leipertitzers were forced to move to Germany. In Francis E. Walter's report to the US House of Representatives, it was noted that the transports were by no means in accordance with this provision. Thirteen civilian deaths resulted from mistreatment of the local South Moravian population. A legal processing of the events did not take place. The Beneš Decree 115/46 (Law on Exemption from Punishment ) declares actions up to October 28, 1945 in the struggle to regain freedom ... or which aimed at just retribution for acts of the occupiers or their accomplices ... as not unlawful. Leipertitz was completely repopulated. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

With the exception of 171 people, all Leipertitzers in Austria were transferred to Germany in accordance with the Potsdam resolutions. The majority were resident in the federal states of Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria and Hesse.

In the 1950s, many of the residents of the village of Korouhvice ( Korowitz ), which was flooded by the Vír dam, were settled in Litobratřice .

In 1995, the expellees renovated part of the local cemetery and the 45 graves of their deceased that were still in existence. A memorial stone commemorates those who fell in both world wars; it is also a replacement for the war memorial erected in 1921, on which all names were removed in 1945 and the original cross was replaced by a red star.

Registries are kept from 1563. The Moravském zemském archivu Brno (Moravian Provincial Archive, Brno) contains: Birth registers up to 1900, marriage registers up to 1830, death registers up to 1849. Online search via the Brno Provincial Archives. The registers of more recent origin in the neighboring municipality of Hrušovany nad Jeviškou (Grusbach).

The land registers were from - to: 1568 - 1848 in the rule files in Moravsky Krumlov (Moravian Kromau), from 1848 to 1869 the Regional Court in Jaroslavice (Joslowitz) 1869 - 1886 the District Court in Moravsky Krumlov (Moravian Kromau), 1886 - 1946 in the district seat of Mikulov (Nikolsburg). In 1960 the district seat was moved from Mikulov (Nikolsburg) to Břeclav (Lundenburg). At the same time also the transfer of the local community Litobratřice (Leipertitz) to the district of Znojmo (Znaim), where the land register deposits are currently located.

Economic situation

Because of the varied, fertile arable land, mainly agriculture.

Population development

census	Ha	Houses	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year				German	Czechs	Other
1793	-	155	821	-	-
1836	-	213	979	-	-	-
1850	-	-	1109	-	-	-
1869	-	250	1202	-	-	-
1880	-	284	1326	1312	13	1
1900	2226	291	1267	1252	15th	0
1910	2226	307	1286	1279	0	7th
1921	2225	315	1320	1276	11	33
1930	2225	350	1318	1256	40	22nd
1939	-	-	1332	-	-	-
Source: 1793, 1836, 1850 from: South Moravia from A – Z, Frodl, Blaschka
Other: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984

Attractions

• Parish church St. Georg: Parish and church of Leipertitz is mentioned in a document as early as 1278, it is therefore one of the oldest village parishes in South Moravia. The church was built over the old cemetery. Since it was later very dilapidated and - as the parish chronicle says - was “immensely old”, it was rebuilt in 1789. The pleasant interior of the church shows the church and parish patron, St. George, at the high altar. The "Queen of Heaven" (Mother of God with Child Jesus) adorns the side altar. The very old stone baptismal font is also splendid.
• Elementary school: The single-class elementary school was founded in 1674 by the landlord of Mährisch-Kromau (house 134). In 1818 the Prince of Liechtenstein built a new school building. It burned down in 1842, was rebuilt and expanded to two classes in 1869 (house 112). In 1884/85 a new floor-to-ceiling elementary school dominating the town center was built (house 290).
• The churchyard was around the church until 1790. Even today there is a crypt with dead bones from the old churchyard under the sacristy. The new cemetery, laid out outside the village, was given a large stone-carved cemetery cross in 1818.
• Statue of the Holy Trinity
• Statue of St. John of Nepomuk (by Ignaz Lengelacher)
• Group of statues of the Holy Family
• On the war memorial for the First World War , all names of the victims were removed in 1945 and replaced by names that were not local.

Personalities

• Josef Richter (1843-?): Director, actor, writer.
• Wilhelm Matzka (1798–1891): Professor of Mathematics at Charles University in Prague.
• Theodor R. Seifert (1876–1962): educator, local historian.
• Johann Hofer (1893–1931): episcopal council, local history researcher.
• Walter Matzka (1926–2005): visual artist.
• Reinfried Vogler (* 1931): Lawyer and functionary of the Sudeten German Council, the Sudeten German Landsmannschaft and the South Moravian Landscape Council. Since 2012 President of the Federal Assembly of the Sudeten German Landsmannschaft. Winner of the Great Sudeten German Culture Prize 2009 .
• Leopold Fink (* 1932): Professor at the Vocational Education Academy and at the Federal Education Institute in Vienna. Winner of the Professor Josef Freising Prize 2004, the Great South Moravian Decoration in Gold and South Moravian Culture Prize Winner 2015.
• Kurt Hofner (* 1940): Editor-in-chief of the Mittelbayerische Zeitung, Regensburg. Bearer of the German Federal Cross of Merit.

literature

• 805/139; Heraldika 77/33, SM 86Nl and IX, 87142 and 88/5;
• CDM IV / 401, XII / 283; Urbar Mähr.Kromau 1643; SOA Brno D 2/134 and G 125/130;
• Hans Lederer: A short settlement history of the Thaya-Schwarza area from ~ 1 6th century.
• Franz Josef Schwoy : Topography of the Markgrafthum Moravia (1793), Leipertitz page 345
• Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate of Moravia, topographically, statistically, historically . (1835), self-published, in commission of the LW Seidel'schen Buchhandlung (Brünn), Leipertitz page 207
• Schwetter / Kern: Outline of the History of Moravia (1884)
• Szegeda, Wilhelm: District studies of the Nikolsburg school district, including the cities of Břeclav and Hodinin, (1935), Leipertitz, page 78.
• Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984.
• Johann Zabel: Leipertitz, Heimatbuch Wien (1955).
• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
• Maria Lustig: memories of home. The Leipertitzer Jahreskreis , 1989, self-published.
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 , p. 16.
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X , pp. 118f.
• Leopold Fink: Leipertitz - Deep are the traces , 1995, self-published, supported by the Lower Austrian provincial government.
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 237, 248, 414, 421, 423, 425, 558, 573 (Leipertitz).
• Gerald Frodl, Wilfried Blaschka: South Moravia from AZ (2006) Leipertitz pp. 105-109.
• Elfriede Klien-Paweletz: The South Moravian ITZ Villages and the Beginnings of Settlement History in South Moravia (2007).

Web links

• History, flight and displacement
• Deep traces in local history
• Cultural database of displaced persons
• Renovation of the Leipertitz cemetery, video

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ^ Phonogram archive of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna. German dialect, Leipertitz: Audio catalog 1974, B 12 333
3. ↑ ^{a b} Berthold Bretholz: The land register of the Liechtenstein rule, Nikolsburg, 1414
4. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia, 1989, ISBN 3-927498-09-2 , p. 9.
5. ^ Johann Zabel: Leipertitz, Heimatbuch S 7, Vienna. Self-published. 1955.
6. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
7. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918–1938 , Munich 1967
8. ↑ Protocol in the Mikulov archive: SOKA Mikulov, k.253, inv.j.293, Situační hlášení z 14.12.1945
9. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
10. ↑ Archive Mikulov, Odsun Němců - transport odeslaný dne 20. května, 1946th
11. ↑ Ludislava Šuláková, translated by Wilhelm Jun: The problem of the deportation of Germans in the files of the Municipal People's Committee (MNV) and the District People's Committee (ONV) Nikolsburg: Südmährisches Jahrbuch 2001 p. 45f, ISSN  0562-5262
12. ^ Walter, Francis E. (1950): Expellees and Refugees of German ethnic Origin. Report of a Special Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, HR 2nd Session, Report No. 1841, Washington, March 24, 1950.
13. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ, Südmährischer Landschaftsrat, Geislingen an der Steige, 2006, p. 216.
14. ↑ Brunnhilde Scheuringer: 30 years later. The integration of ethnic German refugees and displaced persons in Austria, publisher: Braumüller, 1983, ISBN 3-7003-0507-9
15. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 237, 248, 414, 421, 423, 425, 558, 573 (Leipertitz).
16. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 14, 2011.
17. ↑ http://www.liechtensteinove.cz/cz/objekt/litobratice-leipertitz/284/
18. ^ Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart: Handbook of German Art Monuments in the Ostmark, 1941, Anton Schroll & Co, Leipertitz p. 302