Pravice

Pravice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Area :	992 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 51 '  N , 16 ° 21'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 50 '38 "  N , 16 ° 21' 12"  E
Height:	187  m nm
Residents :	348 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	671 78
License plate :	B.
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Jaroslav Vitouch (as of 2009)
Address:	Pravice 70 671 78 Jiřice u Miroslavi
Municipality number:	594687
Website :	www.obecpravice.cz

Pravice (German Probitz ) is a municipality in South Moravia , Czech Republic . The place is about 15 km north of the Austrian border.

geography

Pravice is located in the Thaya-Schwarza valley on the lower reaches of the Břežanka brook , which flows into the Jevišovka south of the village .

Neighboring towns are Břežany ( Frischau ) in the north, Božice ( Possitz ) in the west and Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou ( Grusbach ) in the southeast.

history

In the 11th to 13th centuries there was a great movement of settlements from west to east. Moravia was ruled by the Přemyslid dynasty from 1031 to 1305 . In order to use larger areas for agriculture and thus achieve higher yields, the colonists advertised them with privileges such as ten years of tax exemption (German settler law). By 1150, the area around Mikulov (Nikolsburg) and Znojmo (Znaim) was settled by German immigrants from Lower Austria . The ui dialect that was spoken until 1945 and the layout of the village show that they originally came from the Bavarian areas of the dioceses of Regensburg and Passau. They brought new agricultural equipment with them and introduced the high-yield three-field economy .

The village was first mentioned in a document in 1131. The spelling of the place changed several times. In 1131 "Brawicz", 1293 "Prohowitz", 1326 "Prabitz", 1437 "Browitz", 1539 "Probitz", 1672 "Brabitz" and from 1700 the current form of name "Probitz". Probitz received the right of jurisdiction in these years. In the course of history, several surrounding places have been deserted by war or epidemics: During the Hussite Wars, the southwestern town of Milkowitz, east of Martinitz and, during the turmoil of the Reformation, the southern settlement of Johannesstadt. Mysterious underground passages and earth stables were discovered between the Gutshof and Taborberg.

During the Thirty Years War the village suffered from looting and 14 properties were deserted. These were slowly repopulated over the next 30 years. When Swedish troops under Lennart Torstensson occupied Olomouc in 1645, they suppressed almost all agriculture in the rule through robbery and threats. From 1692 the village was part of the Frischau rule .

Registries have been kept since 1744. Since 1753, August 7th (Donatus) has been a community holiday. In the 18th century the village was expanded and thus from a street village to a lane village. The chapel was built in 1833 and the first schoolhouse in 1835 (a new one in 1892). In 1849 and 1855/56 the village suffered from cholera . In 1886 the new cemetery was inaugurated. In a major fire in 1894, a whole row of houses burned down. In the same year the Jaispitzbach is regulated. In 1903 the villagers founded a volunteer fire brigade . Most of the inhabitants of Probitz lived from livestock and agriculture, whereby the viticulture, cultivated in South Moravia for centuries, hardly played a role. The amount of wine produced never exceeded the local needs. Furthermore, various types of grain, vegetables and fruit were grown in large quantities. The hunt with 600 hares, 400 rabbits, 350 pheasants, 1,000 partridges and 50 deer shot annually was also very profitable. In addition to the usual small business, there was also a manorial farm, a milk collection point and a brick factory.

The Czechoslovakia as one of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after World War I , 1914-1918, also claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian Silesia for himself, with the Alpine countries on 30 October 1918, new state German Austria founded. Since the Czechs were recognized by the Triple Entente as opponents of Austria, they were, as it were, among the victors of the war and only respected the self-determination of the peoples proclaimed by Woodrow Wilson insofar as it brought them benefit. They therefore created a fait accompli when troops of the Czechoslovak Republic occupied South Moravia in November / December 1918 .

The Treaty of St. Germain awarded these disputed territories to Czechoslovakia against the will of the German population there. The South Moravian town of Probitz, whose inhabitants were 99% German South Moravians in 1910, thus also fell definitively to the new state. The subsequent land reform , a language ordinance and the replacement of civil servants' posts favored the influx of Czechs into the German-speaking town.

The German democratic parties unsuccessfully sought autonomy in the Czechoslovak Republic. Konrad Henlein's Fascist-structured Sudeten German Party appeared more uncompromising in the 1930s and soon received support from Hitler for its ever increasing demands. In the summer of 1938, Hitler threatened to forcibly bring the Sudeten Germans home to the Reich . Since the Western powers were not yet ready to counter Hitler's aggression with a war, they embarked on the so-called appeasement policy , which was gladly taken up in Hitler's surroundings, who were not as belligerent as he was. With Mussolini's help, they met in Munich - without a representative from Czechoslovakia - and there determined in the Munich Agreement the annexation of the German peripheral areas of the Czech Republic to the German Empire (Germany later recognized the nullity of this treaty at the expense of a third party). Thus, on October 1, 1938, Probitz became part of the German Reich and on April 15, 1939, it became part of the Reichsgau Niederdonau , as Lower Austria was then called.

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 64 victims, the community came back to Czechoslovakia. About half of all German citizens fled from Probitz before the onset of post-war excesses or were militant Czechs wild across the border to Austria sold . When attempting a post-war order, the victorious powers of the Second World War did not take a specific position on August 2, 1945 in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, on the wild and collective expulsions of the German population. However, they explicitly called for an "orderly and humane transfer" of the "German population segments" that "remained in Czechoslovakia". 445 German South Moravians were forcibly resettled to Germany between June 22 and September 18, 1946 . Four people remained in the place. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

Of the 835 displaced, 689 were resettled in Germany and 139 in Austria. Two people each emigrated to Canada, the USA and other European countries and one to Australia. In 2000 there were still some German graves in the local cemetery. Likewise the chapel built in 1918 with German inscription.

traffic

In 1870 the northern branch of the Austrian Eastern Railway was opened, and Probitz received a train station. From what was then the state train station (later Ostbahnhof) in Vienna, in 1901 the 98 kilometers of railroad to Probitz were traveled via Mistelbach , Laa an der Thaya and Grussbach-Schönau in about four hours, from where the route continued via Mährisch-Kromau and Kanitz to Brno . Vienna and Brno were connected via this route by a dozen trains per day, including four express trains, but only four of them stopped in Probitz in 1901. In 1944/1945 ten trains a day stopped in Probitz, the travel time from / to Vienna via Grusbach-Schöngrafenau had been reduced to three and a quarter hours: from / to Vienna one could travel seven times a day, from / to Brno five times a day. The direct rail connection to Vienna has been interrupted at the state border at Laa an der Thaya since 1945; After 1989, Czech proposals to rebuild the short missing section of the route were not taken up in Austria.

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest seal dates from 1598. It shows a Renaissance shield with a plow above and a knife below. The empty fields on the side are filled with an asterisk and a flower. A seal awarded to the community in 1798 shows an inscription and an oak branch with three acorns and two leaves.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	658	630	28	0
1890	704	701	3	0
1900	742	730	12	0
1910	745	737	8th	0
1921	781	723	30th	28
1930	879	853	23	3

Attractions

• Chapel of the Holy Trinity (1835) renovated (1933)
• Donatus statue (1753)

Personalities

Ludwig Horer (1924–2017), local researcher, government councilor, holder of the Dr. Rudolf von Lodgmann badge.

regional customs

• The probitzer's nickname among their neighbors was "Krastanzer" or "Eichelbeeren"

literature

• Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . 1969, Munich, Heimatwerk publishing house
• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
• Karl Kraus: Our community Probitz (1988)
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities (1992), Probitz p. 195
• Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria in 1945/46 , diploma thesis for obtaining the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
• Emilia Hrabovec: eviction and deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945-1947 . Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ↑ http://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/mitteleuropa/geschichte_tschechiens/pwiedeutscheintschechien100.html
3. ↑ Joachim Rogall: Germans and Czechs: History, Culture, Politics Verlag CH Beck, 2003. ISBN 3 406 45954 4 . Preface by Václav Havel. Chapter: The Přemyslids and the German Colonization S33 f.
4. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
5. ^ University of Giessen (Ed.): Sudetendeutschesverzeichnis Vol. 1, 1988, Oldenbourg Verlag, ISBN 978-3-486-54822-8
6. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
7. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume I, p. 206
8. ^ Karl Hörmann: The Lords of Grusbach and Frischau under the Lords of Breuner (1622 - 1668), Geislingen / Steige, 1997, ISBN 3-927498-21-1
9. ↑ Lorenz Hofbauer: Timeline of Probitz; on the website of the former German-speaking South Moravian communities, accessed January 8, 2010
10. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: I dream of a vine , Chapter 7, p. 260
11. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
12. ^ Wolfgang Brügel: Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
13. ^ German Reichsgesetzblatt 1939, pp. 745 f., Reichsgesetz of March 25, 1939
14. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
15. ↑ Notation according to the Official Coursbuch , Vienna, May 1901 edition
16. ↑ Facsimile of the course book 1944
17. ^ Gustav Gregor: The political district, vol., P. 179
18. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
19. ^ Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia (1990), Probitz p. 31f, ISBN 3-927498-13-0

Web links

• Probitz in "Old Postcard Motifs of the South Moravian Communities"
• Cultural database of displaced persons