Krhovice

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Krhovice
Krhovice coat of arms
Krhovice (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Znojmo
Area : 812 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 49 '  N , 16 ° 10'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 48 '57 "  N , 16 ° 10' 25"  E
Height: 204  m nm
Residents : 558 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 671 28
License plate : B.
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Martin Major (as of 2009)
Address: Krhovice 147
671 28 Jaroslavice
Municipality number: 594270
Website : www.krhovice.cz
Bartholomäuskirche

Krhovice (German Gurwitz ) is a municipality in Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo District), Jihomoravský kraj (South Moravia Region) in the Czech Republic . The place was as a line village created.

geography

Krhovice is located on the left bank of the dammed Thaya , from which the Thayamühlbach and the Krhovice - Hevlín canal are derived.

The neighboring villages are in the north Hodonice ( Hödnitz ), in the south Strachotice ( Rausenbruck ), in the southeast Valtrovice ( Waltrowitz ) and in the west Derflice ( Dörflitz ).

history

The layout of the place and the Ui dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) spoken until 1945 with its special Bavarian passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they were around 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. The first documentary mention of the place can be proven in the documents of the Bruck monastery from 1505. Gurwitz is said to have existed 200 years earlier, as a document from King Wenzel I from 1294 names a certain Hartlin von Kurowicz . A Frenzlin de Gorwic is also mentioned in the documents of the Teutonic Order in 1367 . In 1513 a fishing guild was founded. During the Thirty Years' War the place was plundered by troops passing through and a small fortress that stood in the place was completely destroyed. The fishermen's guild also perished in this war. The name "Gurwitz" has been in use since 1672. The parish registers of the place were led since 1677th Online search via the Brno State Archives. After the dissolution of the Bruck monastery in 1784 by Emperor Josef II , there was a change of rule.

In the 19th century, remains of prehistoric animals were found near Gurwitz. After a flood around 1870, a new weir was built on the Thaya. Due to the expansion of the rail network in the 19th century, the neighboring village of Hödnitz received a train station, which was the closest rail connection for the Gurwitzer. A volunteer fire brigade was established in 1893.

After the First World War and the Peace Treaty of Saint Germain in 1919, the place, which in 1910 was 98% inhabited by German South Moravians , became part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . Some of the Gurwitzer people worked in a nearby quarry, while many women found an income opportunity in a canning factory in Znojmo. The place was electrified in 1928. In the years before 1938 tourism in Gurwitz developed. People from Brno in particular visited the place and used the nearby Thaya for fishing or swimming. After the Munich Agreement in 1938, the place came to the German Reich and became part of the Reichsgau Niederdonau . On May 8, 1945, the place was occupied by Soviet troops.

The Second World War claimed 78 victims among the local residents and ended on May 8, 1945. The territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1939), including the town of Gurwitz, became the again following the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) Associated with Czechoslovakia . All but seven local residents were "wildly" driven across the border into Austria by self-appointed Revolutionary Guards on August 8, 1945 . The wild expulsions of the German population, which began in other places at the same time, were tolerated by the four main allies without any examination of individual guilt and this ethnic cleansing was also tolerated in the Potsdam communiqué . The Allies only demanded “an orderly and humane transfer of the German population” from Czechoslovakia to West Germany. The "official" forced resettlement of the last seven German citizens of the place to West Germany took place between July 22nd and September 19, 1946. According to the Beneš Decree 108, the entire property of the German residents as well as the public and church German property was confiscated and under state administration. The Czech Republic made no compensation for the confiscated assets.

The local residents in Austria were transferred to Germany with the exception of approx. 20%, in accordance with the original transfer targets of the Potsdam Declaration .

Coat of arms and seal

The only known seal dates from 1784. It shows a bunch of grapes with a legend.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 623 622 1 0
1890 654 652 0 2
1900 648 646 2 0
1910 680 668 12 0
1921 757 751 5 1
1930 789 788 1 0

Attractions

  • Filial church St. Bartholomäus (1867), in front of it a chapel from (1756)
  • Statue of St. John of Nepomuk
  • War memorial (1921)

Sons and daughters of the place

Eduard Jordan (1850–1930) writer.

regional customs

Rich customs determined the course of the year for the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46. For example: there was a parade every year at Mardi Gras. Here all the older boys in the village were tucked under a tarpaulin and were driven through the village by two fools, a driver and a boy as a “horse”.

literature

  • Rudolf Ristl: Gurwitzer Heimatbuch 1190-1945 . (1983)
  • Felix Bornemann: Art and handicrafts in South Moravia , Gurwitz, s. 12, C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
  • Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities , Gurwitz, s. 87f, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 293 f . (Gurwitz).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
  3. Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved April 14, 2011.
  4. Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae , Vol. V, p.10
  5. ^ Federal Geological Institute: Yearbook of the Federal Geological Institute, Volume 4 , 1853, p. 37
  6. a b Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z , 2009
  7. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 293 f . (Gurwitz).
  8. Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984