Suchohrdly u Miroslavi

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Suchohrdly u Miroslavi
Suchohrdly u Miroslavi coat of arms
Suchohrdly u Miroslavi (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Znojmo
Area : 782 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 57 '  N , 16 ° 22'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 56 '33 "  N , 16 ° 21' 48"  E
Height: 230  m nm
Residents : 487 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 671 72
License plate : B.
traffic
Street: Znojmo - Pohořelice
Railway connection: Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou – Brno
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Barbora Arndt (as of 2009)
Address: Suchohrdly u Miroslavi 86
671 72 Miroslav
Municipality number: 594849
Website : www.suchohrdlyumiroslavi.cz

Suchohrdly u Miroslavi (German Socherl ) is a municipality in South Moravia ( Czech Republic ). The place is located 20 km north of the Austrian border on the main Brno - Znojmo road , 40 km south of Brno .

geography

Neighboring villages are Našiměřice ( Aschmeritz ) in the north, Vinohrádky in the northeast, Trnové Pole ( Dornfeld ) in the east, Damnice ( Damitz ) in the south and Miroslav ( Misslitz ) and Václavov in the west. The place itself is laid out as a broad street village.

history

The layout of the place and the Ui dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) spoken up to the fateful year 1945 with their special passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they were around 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. The first written mention of the place can be found in a Latin document in 1358. There is talk of a "in villis Svchohvrdl". The spelling of the place changed several times over the years, for example in the 17th century they spoke of "Czucherle", in 1718 of "Sucherle" and from 1751 today's "Socherl" remained unchanged.

The village was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War and thus completely deserted. Only in the years 1667 to 1672 was the place re-established and settled. From 1692 to 1784 Socherl was part of the rulership of the Bruck Monastery. This can also be seen in the local seal. A manorial farm was founded and managed in the village itself. In 1893 Karl Stummer was named as the owner of the estate and in 1912 Baroness Amalie von Hardt-Stummer leased the Socherl estate to Länderbank Brno .

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War , 1914–1918, was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking regions of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded the disputed territories against the will of the people of Czechoslovakia. Thus fell the south Moravian town Socherl whose inhabitants in 1910 to 90% Deutschsüdmährer , were at the new state. During the interwar period , high unemployment among the German population, measures such as the 1919 land reform , the 1926 language ordinance, resettlements and new appointments to civil servant posts by people of Czech nationality, led to increased tensions within the ethnic groups. In 1930 the proportion of German citizens of Socherl had fallen to 49%. When the autonomy demanded by the German speakers was not negotiated, tensions between the German and Czech populations intensified. With the threat of armed conflict, the Western powers caused the Czech government to cede the peripheral areas, which were regulated in the Munich Agreement , to Germany. Thus, on October 1, 1938, Socherl became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau .

After the end of the Second World War , the community came back to Czechoslovakia on May 8, 1945. After the end of the war, the houses of the German-Moravian population were taken over by Czech "property managers". Before the excesses by militant Czechs began, many fled across the nearby border to Austria or were expelled . When attempting a post-war order, the victorious powers of the Second World War did not take a specific position on August 2, 1945 in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, on the wild and collective expulsions of the German population. However, they explicitly called for an "orderly and humane transfer" of the "German population segments" that "remained in Czechoslovakia". On March 30, 1946, 85 were forcibly resettled to West Germany . All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

Registries have been kept since 1695. All birth, marriage and death registers up to 1949 are in the Brno State Archives.

Coat of arms and seal

A seal from the 18th century shows a shield split lengthways within a legend, with a plow iron with a knife at the front and half an eagle above the initial W at the back.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 545 507 32 6th
1890 547 518 26th 3
1900 539 509 30th 0
1910 488 478 10 0
1921 491 426 44 21st
1930 509 427 70 12

Attractions

  • Branch church of St. Margareta (the altarpiece was transferred from Misslitz in 1665)

regional customs

Rich customs determined the course of the year for the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46:

  • In the night from April 30th to May 1st, elderberry crops are stuck in the windows so that the witches wandering through the night cannot penetrate. The boys also decorate a willow branch with colored ribbons and place them in the fireplace for their girls. However, if a girl has "left" a boy, straw instead of ribbons may decorate her willow branch in the fireplace.

Literature and Sources

  • Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . 1969, Munich, Heimatwerk publishing house
  • Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
  • Emilia Hrabovec: eviction and deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945 - 1947 , Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
  3. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
  4. ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate of Moravia , 1831, p.390
  5. ^ Balzar: Municipalities in the Mährisch Kromau district, 1985
  6. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  7. ^ Wolfgang Brügel: Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
  8. ↑ a b Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The circle Znaim from A to Z . 2009
  9. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  10. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  11. ↑ Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities (1992), Socherl p. 222
  12. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
  13. ^ Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia (1990), Socherl p.34