Šanov nad Jevišovkou

Šanov
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Area :	2045 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 48 '  N , 16 ° 23'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 48 '4 "  N , 16 ° 22' 38"  E
Height:	199  m nm
Residents :	1,506 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	671 64 - 671 68
License plate :	B.
traffic
Street:	Hrabětice - Velký Karlov
Railway connection:	Břeclav – Znojmo Hevlín – Brno
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Petr Škarek (as of 2009)
Address:	Hlavní 65 671 68 Šanov
Municipality number:	594873
Website :	www.sanov.cz

Šanov (German Schönau ) is a municipality in South Moravia ( Czech Republic ). The place is 20 km north of the Austrian border.

geography

Šanov is located near the crossroads of the Hevlín – Brno and Břeclav – Znojmo railway lines ( Lundenburg - Znojmo ). It connects immediately to the west to Hrabětice and is 3.5 km south of Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou. The place was created as a row village.

Neighboring villages are Hrabětice (Grafendorf) in the east and Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Grusbach) in the north.

history

The "ui" dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) with its special Bavarian passwords indicates a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they did after 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. The first written mention of the place was in 1390 in the Moravian land table. A document from 1046 was identified as a 12th century forgery. By the Hungarian invasions in 1463, the place was completely destroyed and deserted. The place was only repopulated at the beginning of the 16th century and appears again in the documents in 1524. In this document, the place is handed over to Sebastian von Weitmühl .

Over the centuries the place was repeatedly devastated by wars, so that it was deserted again as early as 1589. Although the place was soon rebuilt, it was again heavily destroyed and deserted in the Thirty Years War . In the war year 1637, the district of Neuhof was created, where a Meierhof was built. In 1697 the place appears in Count Althan's documents. The village almost always belonged to the Grusbach lordship. From 1710 Schönau was an independent municipality. The registers have been at Grusbach since 1676 and at Grafendorf from 1784. Online search via the Brno State Archives. The revolution of 1848/49 and the resulting peasant liberation resulted in an economic upswing in the village, which was increased by the construction of the sugar factories in Grusbach (1851) and Lundenburg (1875). In 1842 and 1883, parts of the village were destroyed by large fires. In 1880 the place was connected to the railway network and received a stop. A poor fund was set up in 1905 through a monetary donation from Emperor Franz Joseph I. From 1910, the district of Neu-Schönau is called near Schönau. A school was built in Schönau in 1911. Before that, the Schönau children went to school in Grusbach and later in Grafendorf. Most of the inhabitants of Schönau lived from cattle and agriculture, whereby the viticulture, which has been cultivated in South Moravia for centuries, only played a subordinate role, which is why the quantities of wine produced never exceeded their own needs. Due to the favorable climate, various types of grain, potatoes, corn, beets, beans, cucumbers, onions, carrots, cabbage, cabbage, cherries, plums and sour cherries were grown. Hunting was also profitable, with 400 hares and 10 to 15 deer shot annually. In addition to the usual small business, there was a brick factory, two mills, a savings bank and two pig dealers in the village.

After the First World War , which demanded 24 residents, the multi-ethnic state of Austria-Hungary fell apart . In the winter of 1918 the place was occupied by Czech military units. The Treaty of Saint-Germain in 1919 declared Schönau, whose inhabitants were 94% German South Moravians in 1910 , part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . In September 1919, with the help of the Czech military, a class in the elementary school was evacuated and confiscated for Czech children. In April 1920 the Czech school moved to its own building in the Neu-Schönau district. In the interwar period , there was a massive influx of people of Czech nationality due to the appointment of new officials and settlers. At the same time, 140 German officials from Schönau were transferred to the interior of Czechoslovakia. After the Munich Agreement in 1938, the place belonged to the Lower Danube Gau until 1945 . The place was electrified in 1938. From 1939 to 1945 Schönau was united with the neighboring municipality of Grafendorf to form the new municipality of Schöngrafenau .

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 90 victims, the community came back to Czechoslovakia. Except for 355 people, the German citizens fled the post-war excesses or were 'wildly' driven across the border into Austria . These excesses resulted in five civilian deaths. A legal processing of the events did not take place. The Beneš Decree 115/1946 ( Law on Exemption from Punishment ) declares actions up to October 28, 1945 in the struggle to regain freedom ..., or which aimed at just retribution for acts of the occupiers or their accomplices ... as not unlawful. In August 1945 the victorious powers determined the post-war order in the Potsdam Communiqués (conference). The ongoing, collective expulsion of the German population was not mentioned in it, but an “orderly and humane transfer” of the “German population parts” who “remained in Czechoslovakia” was explicitly required. The 'official' expulsion of the last German citizens took place between June 22 and October 18, 1946, to West Germany. All private and public property of the German residents was confiscated by the Beneš Decree 108 , and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

12% of Schönau residents were resident in Austria. The majority found a new home in Germany and six people emigrated to other European countries, three to the USA.

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest seal of the place came from the 17th century. It shows a plow, surrounded by furrows drawn in an arc. The outermost border is a pearl necklace.

A second seal dates from the 18th century. It shows the inscription "SIGL.DES.TORF.SSENAU 1758" between two pearl circles, plus a raised lion with a large bunch of grapes in the front paws in the seal field on an indicated ground. In later seal images, however, the lion is often incorrectly depicted as a goat. From 1920 to 1938 Schönau ran an image-free, bilingual community temple.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	1215	1157	52	6th
1890	1279	1274	0	5
1900	1312	1250	57	5
1910	1459	1376	65	18th
1921	1576	1295	250	31
1930	1672	1257	393	22nd

Attractions

• Chapel of St. Rochus, reconstruction in 1860
• Brünndl Chapel (1831), remodeled in 1936
• White Cross, St. Florian (1900)
• Emmahof Castle in the Hoja (1885)
• War memorial (1924)

regional customs

Rich customs determined the course of the year and the life of the German local residents displaced in 1945/46:

• The Kirtag always took place on September 7th.

Literature and Sources

• Hans Höger: Memorial book of the community of Schönau (1938)
• Georg Dehio , Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German Art Monuments in the Ostmark, 1941, Schönau p. 226
• History of the community of Schönau (1983)
• Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . 1969, Munich, Heimatwerk publishing house
• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
• Franz Josef Schwoy : Topography of the Markgrafthum Moravia, Vol. 1 - 3, Vienna 1793.
• Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia ISBN 3-927498-09-2
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 .
• Emilia Hrabovec: eviction and deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945–1947 , Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996

Web links

• Cultural database of displaced persons ( Memento from January 14, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia. 1989, p. 9, ISBN 3-927498-09-2
3. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
4. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume I, p. 125
5. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved October 19, 2015.
6. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: I dream of a vine. Chapter 7, p. 260.
7. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919–1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
8. ^ Wolfgang Brügel: Czechs and Germans 1918–1938 , Munich 1967
9. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z , 2009
10. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
11. ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The Znaim district from AZ. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2010, Book of the Dead p. 378
12. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .
13. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
14. ↑ Brunnhilde Scheuringer: 30 years later. The integration of ethnic German refugees and expellees in Austria, Verlag Braumüller, Vienna 1983, ISBN 3-7003-0507-9 , p.
15. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 275 f . (Schönau).
16. ↑ Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities (1992), Schönau p. 217
17. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984