Chvalovice

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Chvalovice
Chvalovice coat of arms
Chvalovice (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Znojmo
Area : 884 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 47 '  N , 16 ° 5'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 47 '14 "  N , 16 ° 5' 0"  E
Height: 222  m nm
Residents : 652 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 669 02
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 2
administration
Mayor : Jaroslav Stáňa (as of 2008)
Address: Chvalovice 80
669 02 Chvalovice
Municipality number: 594172
Website : www.chvalovice.cz

Chvalovice (German: Kallendorf ) is a municipality in Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo District), Jihomoravský kraj (South Moravia Region) in the Czech Republic .

geography

The municipality is located about eight kilometers south of the city of Znojmo on the border with Austria . In Hatě on the E59 there is a border crossing to Kleinhaugsdorf in Austria, where no regular passport and customs controls have been carried out since the Czech Republic joined the Schengen Agreement on December 21, 2007 . Since spring 2015, due to the increased flow of refugees from the Middle East and North Africa on the Czech side, all larger vehicles (buses) have been temporarily checked again.

history

The layout of the place and the “ui” dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) spoken until 1945 with its special Bavarian passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they did around 1050, but especially in the 12th / 13th centuries. Century took place. The place was first mentioned in a document in 1284. In that year, the Olomouc bishop of the Bruck monastery was named as the owner of the place “Qualndorff”. Over the years, the spelling of the place changed several times. In 1349 they wrote “Kalndorf”, 1523 “Kolindorff”, 1575 “Kalndorff”. The current spelling has been in use since 1718. Under Joseph II, the Bruck monastery was dissolved and with it the rule over Kallendorf. Kaiserstraße was built in 1752. Since this road was the main connecting road from Austria to Bohemia, there was an economic boom in the place.

In 1799 and 1805 the presence of the Russian military polluted the place, in 1809 the French. In 1859 a major fire broke out in the village and destroyed 26 houses. Prussian soldiers occupied the place during the German-Austrian War . In 1874, a flood caused severe damage. As a result of severe pest infestation in 1897, the area under vines fell from 94 hectares to 37 hectares. At the turn of the century, most of the town's inhabitants made a living from agriculture. Only five craftsmen and a few employees or officials did not own any arable land.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War , 1914–1918, was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded these disputed territories to Czechoslovakia against the will of the German population there. The First World War claimed 31 victims from the people of Kallendorf. The place, whose inhabitants were exclusively German Moravians in 1910 , fell to the new state. Measures followed such as the land reform , the Language Act (1920) and the Language Ordinance (1926), which resulted in an increased influx of people of Czech nationality through settlers and newly filled civil servants. On October 27, 1935, there was a rally by non-resident Czechs and riots. In the years from 1936 to 1938, nine bunkers of the Czechoslovak Wall were built on the parish grounds. The growing efforts of the Germans to achieve autonomy led to tensions within the country and further to the Munich Agreement , which regulated the cession of the Sudeten German territories to Germany. Between 1938 and 1945 the place Kallendorf belonged to the Reichsgau Niederdonau . Until 1945, Kallendorf was merged with the localities of Gerstenfeld and Klein-Tajax to form the Schatzberg community.

During the Second World War , the place suffered 37 victims. After the end of the war (May 8, 1945), the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1939), including the town of Kallendorf, were reassigned to Czechoslovakia based on the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) . Eleven residents were victims of post-war violence. All but five people from South Moravia fled the post-war excesses or were expelled across the border into Austria . In August 1945 the victorious powers determined the post-war order in the Potsdam Communiqués (conference). The ongoing collective expulsion of the German population was not mentioned, but an “orderly and humane transfer” of the “German population parts” who “remained in Czechoslovakia” was explicitly required. The remaining five German South Moravians from Kallendorf were officially forcibly evacuated to Germany via Znojmo between September and October 1946 . Francis E. Walter's report to the US House of Representatives attests that these transports were never carried out in a “proper and humane” manner. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends . 17 people remained in the place.

The Kallendorfer resident in Austria were transferred to Germany with the exception of 16 families in accordance with the original transfer goals of the Potsdam communiqué .

The registers have been kept since 1710. Online search via the Brno National Archives.

Coat of arms and seal

The place had a seal around the year 1745 . It showed a plow iron with an inscription. After the end of the rulership, Kallendorf had a non-image stamp that was bilingual from 1919.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 723 723 0 0
1890 759 735 22nd 2
1900 723 723 0 0
1910 711 711 0 0
1921 690 623 46 21st
1930 681 639 29 13

Community structure

Chvalovice consists of the districts Chvalovice ( Kallendorf ) and Hatě ( Haid or Kleinhaugsdorf ).

Attractions

  • Parish Church of St. Margareta (1284)
  • Main altar by Josef Winterhalder the Younger
  • Statues (St. Anna (1734), Johann von Nepomuk (1734), St. Florian (1764))
  • Lady Chapel
  • Loreto Column (1628)
  • War memorial (1921)

regional customs

Rich customs determined the course of the year for the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46:

  • The carnival entertainment lasts three days, with a present being danced out and handed over to the girl who bids the highest. On Ash Wednesday, the boys collect eggs, smoked meat, wine and money and consume everything in the inn. On Ash Wednesday and the following Sundays, the boys are invited by the girls to a festive dinner.
  • There was a procession at St. Markus, during which a border inspection by the community committee with the mayor, the community councils and the community servant was held.
  • According to tradition, the pilgrimage to Maria Dreieichen and other smaller pilgrimages to Taßwitz and Lechwitz took place at Pentecost .
  • The grape harvest festival organized by the winemakers was organized by the Chvalovice Volunteer Fire Brigade . The community hall is decorated up to the ceiling with vines, grapes, pears, apples and nuts. The mayor of the hall and a group of field guards were tasked with guarding the grapes and fruit. If they caught a thief, they had to pay the fine. If he did so during the dance, his sentence would be doubled. At midnight the “office” is closed, the remaining fruit is released and the money raised is handed over to the fire brigade .

swell

  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts. 1992, Kallendorf p. 14.
  • Bruno Kaukal: coat of arms and seal. 1992, Kallendorf p. 105f.
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 301 (Kallendorf).

literature

  • Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark. 1941, Kallendorf p. 270.
  • József Hampel : History of the municipality of Kallendorf , 1972/73,
  • Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
  • Detlef Brandes : The way to expulsion 1938-1945. Plans and decisions to “transfer” Germans from Poland and Czechoslovakia, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-486-56520-6

Web links

Commons : Chvalovice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
  3. ^ József Hampel : History of the municipality of Kallendorf (1973)
  4. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989. Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X .
  5. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938. Munich 1967.
  6. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  7. ^ Walter, Francis E. (1950): Expellees and Refugees of German ethnic Origin. Report of a Special Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, HR 2nd Session, Report No. 1841, Washington, March 24, 1950.
  8. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46 , diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
  9. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 301 (Kallendorf).
  10. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 31, 2011.
  11. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae Bl. IV p. 218
  12. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
  13. ^ Johann Zabel: Kirchlicher Handweiser for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Kallendorf p. 76
  14. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z, 2009