Louka Monastery
Coordinates: 48 ° 50 ′ 28 ″ N , 16 ° 3 ′ 28 ″ E
_-_Louck%C3%BD_kl%C3%A1%C5%A1ter_(Klosterbruck).JPG)
The Louka Monastery (Czech Loucký klášter or Klášter v Louce , German Klosterbruck ) is a former Premonstratensian monastery in Znojmo in the South Moravia region , Czech Republic .
history
Founding as a monastery
In place of a chapel founded by Judith von Wittelsbach in 1048 or 1056, Duke Konrad Otto II of Bohemia and his mother Maria founded a monastery in 1190, which they donated to the Premonstratensians with rich funds . The endowment included u. a. the Althart and Lodenitz estates . It played an important role in South Moravia.
In order to be able to continue the expansion of the city of Znojmo desired by Ottokar I. Přemysl , an exchange of land in the area of the city had to be negotiated with the monastery, which was contractually concluded on September 19, 1226.
In the course of its history, the monastery was plundered several times, for example in 1242 by the troops of Frederick the Warrior and in 1252/1253 by the Cumans of King Bela IV of Hungary . Because of the economic decline this caused, the monastery then refused to make payments to the Pope in Rome . During the resulting dispute, the friars in Klosterbruck were excommunicated in 1391 . This measure was only withdrawn after the payment had been made in 1392.
In 1370 the monastery of Marquard and Johann von Schenkenberg acquired the Chlupice estate . To protect it from the Hussites , the monastery was occupied by Archduke Albrecht in 1421, but on November 14, 1422 it was conquered and burned down. The reconstruction in the Gothic style including the castle where Judith von Wittelsbach once lived began in 1440. The work was carried out by the builder Niklas von Edelspitz and lasted until 1498. During this time he also built the town hall tower in Znojmo. The Louky Gradual dates from 1499.
Mismanagement of those responsible for the monastery and the dissemination of the teachings of Martin Luther led to a renewed decline of the monastery in economic and religious relations from around 1528.
Although Abbot Sebastian I was able to restore the monastery economically and religiously from 1572 and set up the monastery printing plant, in 1620 the canons were expelled from the monastery. They were only able to return after the Battle of White Mountain in November of the same year. In March 1645 the Swedes plundered Klosterbruck.
In 1680, eight years of renovation and new building work began on the monastery. In 1692 the monastery bought part of the Mislitz rule with the Mislitz market (Mitterdorf and Böhmdorf with Miroslaw Castle), the village of Wenzelsdorf and accessories from Ferdinand von Morzin for 35,300 Rhenish guilders ; connected with this was the obligation to sell the goods Althart and Klupitz . On November 11, 1693, Abbot Gregor Klein sold the Klupitz estate to Maximilian Ernst Jankovsky von Vlasching.
On the occasion of the First Silesian War , Maria Theresa came to Klosterbruck. In return for a donation to the Austrian war chest, the monastery was granted war tax exemption.
After the occupation of Klosterbruck by Prussian hussars on February 16, 1742, a high war contribution was imposed on the monastery. King Friedrich visited the monastery several times. Among other things, he was interested in the bells, as they were supposedly made of gold and silver.
resolution
From 1748 onwards, the Klosterbruck Abbey was rebuilt according to plans by Franz Anton Pilgram . The plans envisaged a mighty four-sided building with corner towers and a garden in the inner courtyard, into which the church integrated in the new building should protrude. Between 1761 and 1778 the renovation was continued by Franz Anton Hillebrandt . However, in the course of the Josephine reforms , the monastery was dissolved in 1784.
At this point in time, the entire east wing and large parts of the adjoining north and south wings had only been completed. Important artists such as Johann Baptist Wenzel Bergl or Franz Anton Maulbertsch were involved in the artistic design.
After the monastery was dissolved, the monastery library and its furnishings were moved to the Strahov monastery, and further stocks of printed works and manuscripts were given to other libraries. All other books were auctioned on November 14, 1790. In this way, books from Klosterbruck also found their way into the library of the Znojmo Capuchin Monastery .
The monastery building was used as a tobacco factory, a military academy and finally as a barracks until the 20th century. The church, which is worth seeing, remained a parish. Today the monastery is used by the winemaker Znovín Znojmo as a visitor center and wine museum and can be visited. The oldest surviving organ in Moravia is located in the Church of St. Wenceslas.
Genius Academy
The academy - a training facility for (future) pioneers - was supposed to be relocated here from Vienna at the end of the 18th century , but the plans were dropped again.
After the imperial and royal engineering academy in Vienna was converted into an imperial and royal genius academy in February 1851 and the curriculum was changed accordingly, this new academy was relocated to Bruck Monastery at short notice by order of Emperor Franz Joseph in the same year. Since the monastery could only accommodate the boarding school and the official apartments of the academy management, the buildings of the also Aryan tobacco factory were rededicated for the purpose of the academy. Only a small riding stable had to be rebuilt. It should be noted that this decision was made by a commission acting on orders, although it was known that there was no clean drinking water there and that the population along the Thaya repeatedly fell ill with epidemics.
As a result of the organizational changes and the relocation, the majority of the teachers and staff were able to retire early or be transferred, and the first course could not be held as planned.
Personalities
- Prokop Diviš (1698–1765), who joined the Premonstratensian order in Klosterbruck in 1720, was a Czech Premonstratensian - canon , scholar and inventor.
- Johann Jahn (1750–1816), Catholic theologian and orientalist, studied and taught at the monastery
- Klemens Maria Hofbauer (1751–1820), changed around 1770 from his apprenticeship as a baker from Znojmo to Klosterbruck Abbey, where he first worked in the monastery bakery and later became the abbot's private servant. He also attended the first four classes of the four-class monastery school here. In 1774 he left Klosterbruck to become a hermit.
- Hermine von Janda (1854–1925), landscape and flower painter
- Wilhelm Carl Gustav Ritter von Doderer (1854–1932), Austrian architect , engineer and building contractor .
literature
- Hellmut Bornemann: 800 years of Klosterbruck Abbey (1190–1990) . Publishing house of the South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-12-2 .
- Irene Crusius , Helmut Flachenecker (eds.): Studies on the Premonstratensian Order , Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2003, ISBN 3-525-35183-6 , ( Publications of the Max Planck Institute for History 185), ( Studies on Germania Sacra 25) .
- Friedrich Gatti: History of the KK Engineer and KK Genie Academy, 1717-1869 . Commissioned by W. Braumüller, Vienna 1901.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bornemann
- ↑ Musikfestival Znaim 08 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. P. 9, accessed on January 22, 2010
- ^ "Klemens Maria Hofbauer, called by the name - called to priest (1751-1785)" on the Redemptorist website
Web links
- Homepage (Czech)
- Description of the monastery (Czech)
- Znojmo at South Moravia Wiki (German)
- Klosterbruck - Attempt to create a new baroque temple "King Solomon"
- Graduale monasterii O. Praem. Lucensis