Johann Jahn (theologian, 1750)

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Martin Johann Jahn (born June 18, 1750 in Taßwitz , † August 16, 1816 in Vienna ) was an Austrian Roman Catholic theologian , orientalist and university professor .

Life

Jahn attended high school in Znaim . He first studied philosophy at the University of Olomouc and from 1772 theology at the Bruck Abbey . He took his religious vows on June 19, 1774 and read his first Holy Mass on July 9, 1775 . After a brief assignment as a pastor in Misslitz , he was transferred back to the monastery. There he taught oriental languages ​​and biblical hermeneutics. In 1782 he was at the University of Olomouc to Dr. theol. doctorate and before 1792 also a Dr. phil. After under the Josephine reforms In 1784 the monastery and the associated educational institution was closed, he received a professorship in Olomouc in the field of his previous teaching.

In 1789, Jahn accepted a call as a full professor of oriental languages, biblical archeology and dogmatics at the University of Vienna . His introduction from 1792 contained approaches that were in contrast to the conventional Catholic interpretation of the Bible. The Viennese Archbishop and Cardinal Christoph Anton von Migazzi therefore turned to Emperor Franz II with a complaint . In the following years he was only allowed to distribute textbooks with prior approval. Although Jahn's statements found increasing recognition in the scholarly world, Jahn continued to find himself exposed to distrust and opposition from the church. Sometimes he was called a heretic and a seducer of youth . This went so far that he held back with publications and only got his later publications out after his friends urged him to do it and did a lot of persuading.

Jahn was supposed to lose his teaching post, but they wanted to avoid a stir. Therefore, in 1806 he was appointed canon at the chapter of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna , a position in which he had to abandon his teaching post. However, his ideas continued to work. For example, the supplements to Jahn's theological works were still printed in 1821 and his textbooks, some of which were revised, continued to be used for decades.

Six years after his death, several of his works were placed on the index of prohibited books by the Roman Catholic Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith by decree of August 26, 1822 . These included his Biblical Archeology and Introduction to the Divine Scriptures .

Works (selection)

  • Hebrew language teaching for beginners , Wappler, Vienna 1792.
  • Introduction to the Divine Writings of the Old Covenant , Wappler, Vienna 1793.
  • Aramaic or Chaldean and Syriac language teaching for beginners , Wappler, Vienna 1793.
  • Arabic language teaching Vienna 1796.
  • Biblical Archeology , 3 parts in 5 volumes, Wappler and Beck, Vienna 1797–1805.
  • Arabic Chrestomathy , Wappler and Beck, Vienna 1802.
  • Archaeologia biblica , Wappler and Beck, Vienna 1805.
  • Supplements to Jahn's theological works , Laupp, Tübingen 1821.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jahn, Johann. In: Jesús Martínez de Bujanda , Marcella Richter: Index des livres interdits: Index librorum prohibitorum 1600–1966. Médiaspaul, Montréal 2002, ISBN 2-89420-522-8 , p. 468 (French, digitized ).
personal data
SURNAME Jahn, Johann
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jahn, Martin Johann (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian Roman Catholic theologian, orientalist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH June 18, 1750
PLACE OF BIRTH Taßwitz
DATE OF DEATH August 16, 1816
Place of death Vienna