Hevlin

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Hevlin
Coat of arms of Hevlín
Hevlín (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Znojmo
Area : 2698 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 45 '  N , 16 ° 23'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 45 '7 "  N , 16 ° 22' 50"  E
Height: 185  m nm
Residents : 1,437 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 671 69
License plate : B.
traffic
Street: Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou - Laa on the Thaya
Railway connection: Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou - Hevlín
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Drahomír Nosek (as of 2007)
Address: Hevlín 224
671 69 Hevlín
Municipality number: 594032
Website : www.hevlin.cz

Hevlín (German Höflein ; Czech until 1965 Hevlín nad Dyjí , German Höflein an der Thaya ) is a municipality in Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo district), Jihomoravský kraj (South Moravia region) in the Czech Republic . It is located 27 kilometers southeast of Znojmo (Znaim) on the Austrian border.

geography

Hevlín is located on the left side of the Thaya in the South Moravian Thaya-Schwarza valley basin . The Krhovice-Hevlín Canal runs north of the village. The Pulkau flows into the Thaya to the southwest . In the south, the border crossing Hevlín / Laa an der Thaya leads over the Pfaffengraben into the neighboring Austrian town. The place is laid out as a street green village.

Neighboring settlements are Šanov , Dvůr Anšov and Hrabětice in the north, Mitterhof in the northeast, Ruhhof and Rothenseehof in the east, Anenský Dvůr and Laa an der Thaya in the south, Blaustaudenhof and Wulzeshofen in the southwest and Dyjákovice and Velký Karlov in the northwest.

Today, Hevlín is the end point of a secondary railway line from Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou , which continued to Vienna via Laa an der Thaya until 1945 . Passenger traffic on the Hevlin – Hrušovany line was suspended on June 30, 2010. Since July 1, 2010, a bus has been running instead of the train to Laa an der Thaya.

history

The layout of the place and the "ui" dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) spoken until 1945 with its special Bavarian passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, like them, around 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. The village was first mentioned in 1282 as Hoevelin . When it was first mentioned on the occasion of a land dispute between the pastor of Hevlín and a citizen of the city of Laa, the existence of the parish church of St. Mary was first documented. The spelling of the place changed over the centuries. In 1282 they wrote “Hoevelin”, 1371 “Hofleins”, 1562 “Hevlein”, 1633 “Hefflin” and from 1672 either Höfflein, Hoeflein or Höflein.

From 1524 until the replacement of patrimonial rule in 1848, Höflein belonged to the Grusbach dominion and was thus under the administration of Johannes von Pernstein. The Meierhöfe Koppenhof, Rohrhof, Annahof, Höfleiner Hof and Ruhhof belonged to the village. The courtyard and the viewing courtyard also belonged to the parish Höflein. During the time of the Reformation the place became Lutheran and from 1578 had a Protestant pastor. It was only during the Thirty Years' War , after the Battle of White Mountain and the onset of the Counter Reformation , that the place became Catholic again. Due to the victory of the imperial family over the rebellious estates, Seifried Christoph von Breuner received rule over Höflein in 1623. After the war, Höflein was heavily devastated and the Koppenhof, the Rohrhof and the village of Anschau to the north were completely destroyed. In the place of Anschau, only the viewer Hof remained, who also came to Höflein. In 1668 the rule over the place went to the imperial count of Althan.

In 1793 there were 950 people living in Höflein who mainly farmed fish. Until the Thaya regulation in 1830, Höflein was located in the marshland of the Schwarzbach (Černá Strouha), which was cut off by the Krhovice-Hevlín canal and converted into a drainage canal. Most of the ponds were also drained. In 1799 Höflein was inherited by Countess Anna von Hardegg. During the Revolutionary Wars , the site was sacked by French troops in 1805 and 1809, and individual buildings burned down.

In 1832, over 60 residents of the town died from an emetic epidemic. Cholera also raged in 1855 and claimed 120 lives. In the years 1855/56 several fires raged in the place. During the German-Austrian War , Höflein was occupied as an outpost by the Austrian Soltyl Brigade.

In 1870 Höflein received a railway connection with the commissioning of the Laaer Ostbahn . The train station was rebuilt in 1911. In 1893 a gymnast fire brigade was founded, which was later converted into a volunteer fire brigade .

After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated . The 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain declared the place, which was inhabited exclusively by German South Moravians in 1910 , to be part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . In the interwar period , government measures led to the influx of people of Czech nationality. The number of Czech residents increased from 0 to 12% between the two censuses in 1910 and 1930. At the same time, the tension between the ethnic groups increased across the country. With the threat of armed conflict, the Western powers caused the Czech government to cede the peripheral areas inhabited by Sudeten Germans to Germany. In the Munich Agreement , this was regulated. Thus Höflein became a part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau on October 1st, 1938 . In 1939 the place had 2212 inhabitants, of whom 1967 belonged to the German ethnic group.

In the Second World War , the place suffered 145 victims. After its end (May 8, 1945), the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1939), including the town of Höflein, were reassigned to Czechoslovakia based on the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) . In post-war excesses at the German local population by Red Army soldiers and militant Czechs there were nine civilian deaths. A legal processing of the events did not take place. The Beneš Decree 115/46 (Law on Exemption from Punishment ) declares actions up to October 28, 1945 in the struggle to regain freedom ... , or which aimed at just retribution for acts of the occupiers or their accomplices, as not unlawful. Assuming that they will soon be able to return, parts of the German population fled over the nearby border to Austria or were driven across wildly . The victorious powers of World War II took on August 2, 1945 in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, to the wild and collectively concrete running expulsion of the German population not position. However, they explicitly called for an "orderly and humane transfer" of the "German population segments" that "remained in Czechoslovakia". Between June 22 and September 18, 1946, 29 German South Moravians were forcibly resettled to Germany . 370 people remained in the place. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

The local residents in Austria were transferred to Germany with the exception of approx. 32% in accordance with the original transfer targets of the Potsdam Agreement. Four residents emigrated to other European countries and another four to the USA. The railway connection to Laa an der Thaya was also shut down after the Second World War. The place has been called Hevlín since 1965 , the previous addition nad Dyjí was dropped because the place name was also unique in this form.

In the cemetery of Laa an der Thaya (border crossing to Lower Austria) a memorial stone was erected in memory of her hometown Höflein.

Parish registers have been kept since 1670 and are located in the Brno State Archives.

Coat of arms and seal

A seal can be proven for the year 1644. It shows a renaissance sign with an embankment of sand. On top of this there is a two-handled vessel with a shaft-like opening from which a large fish, placed vertically, protrudes. It is not clear whether the vessel should represent a saucepan or a fishing gear.

A second seal is also mentioned, which shows a fish and a plow, standing vertically next to each other, which are surrounded by 4 rose petals. This seal was used until the end of the 19th century.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 1883 1834 44 5
1890 1990 1957 31 2
1900 2006 2001 5 0
1910 2205 2204 0 1
1921 2384 2120 195 69
1930 2423 1967 289 67

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Hevlín.

Attractions

  • Church of the Assumption of Mary on the village square, built between 1740 and 1743 in place of the previous building that has been documented since 1282 and which was a victim of a fire. It was renovated in 1840.
  • Columns of St. Francis Xavier and St. John of Nepomuk
  • Marian column (1700)
  • Rochus Column (1723)
  • Bunker lines of the Czechoslovak Wall along the left bank of the Thaya
  • Chapel on the road to Dyjákovice
  • War memorial (1921)
  • Statues of St. Philip Neri, St. Florian and St. Rochus
  • Statue of the Virgin Mary, 1852, on the road to Grafendorf

Sons and daughters of the church

regional customs

Rich customs determined the course of the year of the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46:

  • A weekly market and three annual markets were held.
  • On Shrove Tuesday, the boys go through the village and ask the "rich", especially families with unmarried daughters, their carnival duties: eggs, smoked meat, donuts and other nutritious items.
  • The Kirtag took place on the Sunday after the Assumption of Mary.

literature

  • Josef Spandl: Local oral dictionary by Höflein (1897–1909)
  • Kriehuber: Local history Höflein (1898)
  • Gustav Jirikowski: Höflein an der Thaya (1965)
  • Karl Hörmann: Höflein an der Thaya in the past and present (1982)
  • Karl Hörmann: The Lords of Grusbach and Frischau under the Lords of Breuner (1622–1668) , Höflein, Geislingen / Steige 1997, ISBN 3-927498-21-1 .
  • Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia , Höflein, C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 , p. 13.
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities , Höflein an der Thaya, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X , p. 95f.
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 284 f . (Höflein).

Web links

Commons : Hevlín  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ^ Phonogram archive of the Austrian Academy of Sciences , Vienna. German dialect, Höflein: Audio Catalog 1974, B 12 770.
  3. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
  4. ↑ Kriehuber: Heimatkunde Höflein (1898), p. 38
  5. ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate Moravia , 1837, p. 227
  6. ↑ Moritz Ditfurth: Benedek and the deeds and fates of the kk Nordarmee 1866, Volume 3 , 1911, p. 124
  7. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919–1989 , Amaltea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  8. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
  9. ↑ a b Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z , 2009
  10. ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The Znaim district from AZ. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2010, Book of the Dead p. 378
  11. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, p. 284, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .
  12. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  13. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, pp. 284, 407, 409, 422, 432, 556, 573, 575, 577. ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .
  14. ↑ Acta Publica , Online research subject to registration in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (Czech and German), accessed on March 10, 2011.
  15. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume X, p. 118
  16. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
  17. ^ Johann Zabel: Kirchlicher Handweiser for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Höflein p. 24
  18. ^ Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler in der Ostmark, 1941, Anton Schroll & Co, Höflein p. 258