Hnanice

Hnanice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Area :	777 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 48 '  N , 15 ° 59'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 47 '57 "  N , 15 ° 58' 32"  E
Height:	268  m nm
Residents :	371 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	669 02
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Jiří Musil (as of 2008)
Address:	nám. sv. Wolfganga 79 669 02 Hnanice
Municipality number:	594059

Hnanice (German Gnadlersdorf ) is a municipality in Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo district), Jihomoravský kraj (South Moravia). It is located about six kilometers southwest of the city of Znojmo on the border with Austria and has 353 inhabitants .

geography

To the north, the Devět as mlýnů (located nine mills designated) section of ThayaTales with the meanders on Šobes . The place is laid out as a longitudinal tangler village.

history

View of Gnadlersdorf, 1939

The layout of the place and the Ui dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) spoken until 1945 with its special Bavarian passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes like them, around 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. Hnanice was first mentioned in documents in 1201, until 1855 the place belonged to the municipality of Mitterretzbach . Over the years, the spelling of the place changed several times. In 1228 they wrote "Gnanlizdorf", 1230 "Glanleinsdorf", 1362 "Gnedlersdorf" and from 1718 "Knadlesdorf", which later became "Gnadlersdorf". The place was called "market" for many years, but since no market survey has been recorded, this name was no longer used after 1918. A miracle well is said to have been the reason for the establishment of the pilgrimage site. The St. Wolfgang Church was mentioned as early as 1481 . Large parts of Neunmühlen an der Thaya belonged to Gnadlersdorf itself. From 1541 Gnadlersdorf belongs to the Joslowitz rule. Gnadlersdorf was fortified and had three gates. Also could earth stables are detected below the village.

During the Reformation the place became Lutheran. From 1581 onwards, the community refused to give the Bruck monastery a tithe. Only during the Thirty Years War did the place become Catholic again. There is documentary evidence of a schoolmaster in the village as early as 1600. The right to a weekly market was granted to Gnadlersdorf by Emperor Charles VI. , confirmed by Maira Theresia and by Emperor Franz II . After the reforms of Josef II , the pilgrimages to the place stopped and Gnadlersdorf lost an important source of income. During the Second Coalition War , the place is looted and pillaged by Imperial, Russian and French troops in 1799. Until 1910 there was a brick factory in the village. The Gnadlersdorfer lived mostly from agriculture (60 full farms), but the place was also known for its summer retreat. The large and medium-sized farmers lived in the center of the village, while small farmers and workers settled on the exit roads.

After the First World War and the Peace Treaty of Saint Germain in 1919, the place, which in 1910 was 99% inhabited by German South Moravians , became part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . In 1930 a volunteer fire brigade was founded. The place was electrified in 1931. The filling of civil servants and a customs post led to an increase in the influx of people of Czech nationality. In 1935 the Czech military began building fortifications in the area of ​​Gnadlersdorf within the framework of the Czechoslovak Wall . After the Munich Agreement in 1938, the place came to the German Reich and became part of the Reichsgau Niederdonau .

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 39 victims, the community returned to Czechoslovakia on May 8, 1945. Many residents fled before the onset of post-war excesses by militant Czechs over the nearby border to Austria or were over sold . There were five civilian deaths. The Beneš decree 115/1946 declared actions committed up to October 28, 1945 in the struggle to regain freedom ..., or which aimed at just retaliation for deeds of the occupiers or their accomplices ... as not unlawful. In August 1945 the victorious powers determined the post-war order in the Potsdam Communiqués (conference). The ongoing collective expulsion of the German population was not mentioned, but an “orderly and humane transfer” of the “German population parts” who “remained in Czechoslovakia” was explicitly required. Between August 27 and September 18, 1946, 46 German South Moravians were forcibly resettled to Germany . Eleven people remained in the place. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

185 displaced Gnadlersdorf residents were able to remain in Austria. The others were transferred to Germany. Three people emigrated to the Netherlands, twelve to Canada and four to the USA.

In May 2000, a memorial for the deceased, fallen and missing was inaugurated by the displaced in the church of Gnadlersdorf.

The place has been running parish registers since 1637 . Online search via the Brno State Archives.

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest seal was from the 16th century and shows the figure of St. Wolfgang in bishop's robe, holding a chalice or tower-like object in his raised right hand. The seal changed only slightly over the centuries. From 1919 the place had a bilingual community temple.

Although the place never received a coat of arms , the heraldic literature of the 19th century is known to have a coat of arms. It showed a bishop with gold nimbles in blue, clad in silver and with a gold cloak, in the left a gold bishop's staff, in the raised right holding a silver model of a church with red roofs.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	629	625	0	4th
1890	613	608	2	3
1900	595	582	13	0
1910	587	583	3	1
1921	584	504	58	22nd
1930	565	452	83	30th

Culture and sights

Buildings

• The St. Church consecrated to Wolfgang , an important building from the late Gothic period (1487). The core is a Romanesque chapel that is more than a hundred years older and has a fountain in the middle of the nave. The church used to be the center of numerous pilgrimages. In the 17th century there was a fire and the south aisle had to be renewed, renovated in 1898.
• Statues of St. John of Nepomuk and St. Florian
• War memorial (1924)
• Town hall, from 1938 in the converted school

Economy and Infrastructure

The place has a long tradition of viticulture, around 30% of the municipality is covered by vineyards.

regional customs

Rich customs determined the course of the year for the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46:

• Children: New Year's wishes, collecting Easter eggs, fencing for Holy Striezel (asking, begging).
• Young people: picking up eggs, Rose Monday parade, Carnival, digging in on Ash Wednesday, Kirtag on the Sunday after August 24th, grape harvest festival, setting the maypole, theater, midsummer celebration on June 21st, wine tavern praise on November 11th, martini.

The Granitzschau on April 25th was always a feast day for the schoolchildren in the market town. On this day the students walked the boundary stones of the local area with the community representatives. Here songs were sung and games were held. The children also received wages from the local councils and were then invited to the inn for a lemonade. At the end of the day, each child was given baked goods.

Say from the place

There were a multitude of myths among German local residents:

• The Heiligenstein of Gnadlersdorf
• The healing Wolfgang spring
• The offering bowls

literature

• Rudolf Wolkan : History book of the Hutterite Brothers , in collaboration with the Hutterite Brothers in America and Canada, Standoff Colony near Macleod ( Alberta ), Vienna 1923.
• Jiří Černý: Poutni mista jihozapadni Moravy (pilgrimage sites in Southwest Moravia). Pelhrimov 2005.
• Philipp Homola: Gnadlersdorf. 1966.
• Peter Mähner: Gnadlersdorf (Hnanice) a South Moravian village on the border from 1910 to 1950. 1999.
• Philipp Homola: Much from the past of a South Moravian community.
• Statutes of the volunteer fire brigade in Gnadlersdorf. 1931.
• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia. Geislingen / Steige 1984.
• Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918-1938 , Volume 1, Nymphenburger Verlagshaus, 1967.
• Alfred Schickel : The expulsion of the Germans . History, background, reviews. 2nd Edition. MUT, Asendorf 1987, ISBN 9783891820148

source

• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 (Gnadlersdorf p. 10).
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X (Gnadlersdorf p. 70f).
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 301 f . (Gnadlersdorf).

Web links

Commons : Hnanice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Gnadlersdorf. In: Cultural database of expellees on suedmaehren.at.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9.
3. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae. Volume II, p. 65.
4. ↑ Hans Lemberg (Ed.): Borders in East Central Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries. Current research problems (= conferences on East Central Europe research. Volume 10). Herder-Institut, 1995, p. 216, entire article p. 1–291, PDF file at herder-institut.de, accessed on August 17, 2019.
5. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989. Amalthea Verlag, Vienna / Munich 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X .
6. ↑ ^{a b} Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim district from A to Z. 2009.
7. ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The Znaim district from AZ. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2009, Book of the Dead p. 378.
8. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, pp. 301, 573. ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .
9. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
10. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 301 f . (Gnadlersdorf).
11. ^ Acta Publica. Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz., Dt.) Retrieved April 1, 2011.
12. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. Volume 9, 1984.
13. ^ Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart: Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark. Anton Schroll & Co, 1941 (Gnadlersdorf p. 218).
14. ↑ Johann Zabel: Church guide for South Moravia. 1941 (Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Gnadlersdorf p. 74).
15. ^ Zuckriegl: In the fairy tale land of the Thayana. Self-published, 2000, p. 71f.