Valtrovice

Valtrovice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Area :	773 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 48 '  N , 16 ° 13'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 48 '24 "  N , 16 ° 13' 19"  E
Height:	192  m nm
Residents :	420 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	671 28
License plate :	B.
traffic
Street:	Znojmo - Hrádek
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Milan Králík (as of 2009)
Address:	Valtrovice 7 671 28 Jaroslavice
Municipality number:	595039
Website :	www.valtrovice.cz

Valtrovice (German Waltrowitz ) is a municipality in South Moravia ( Czech Republic ). The place is about 5 km north of the Austrian border.

geography

Neighboring villages are Sídliště in the north, Křídlůvky ( Klein Grillowitz ) in the south-east, Oleksovičky in the south, Slup ( Zulb ) in the south-west, Micmanice ( Mietsmanns ) in the west and Krhovice ( Gurwitz ) in the north-west. The village lies on the left side of the Thaya on the Krhovice-Hevlín Canal ( Gurwitz-Höflein an der Thaya ) and is laid out as a square village.

history

View of Waltrowitz

The “ui” dialect spoken in Waltrowitz (Bavarian-Austrian) with its special Bavarian passwords indicates a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they did after 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. Waltrowitz is mentioned in a document as early as 1243 as the seat of an original parish by King Wenzel I. Before that, people lived there, because around the year 1000 people are talking about hunting huts and a game warden. Over the years, the spelling of the place changed several times. In 1243 "Waltherwich" was written, in 1331 "Walterowicz", 1540 "Walterwitz" and finally from 1748 "Waltrowitz". In 1307 the place became a rule of the Kanitz nunnery. For a time the places Moskowitz and Petrowitz were districts of Waltrowitz, as they were deserted in the 15th century and were only rebuilt later.

From 1541 Waltrowitz came to Johann Kuno von Kunstadt with the approval of King Ferdinand I. From then on, Waltrowitz belonged to the Joslowitz rule. During the Reformation , radical Reformation Anabaptists settled in the place and from 1570 the place was considered Lutheran . Six years later, the abbot asked the landlord von Joslowitz to remove the Protestant pastor from Waltrowitz, as he feared that the surrounding towns might as well fall away from the Catholic faith. Only in the Thirty Years' War , after the victory of the imperial at White Mountain and the onset of the Counter-Reformation , were the Anabaptists expelled from the place by Cardinal Franz Seraph von Dietrichstein in 1620 . Most of them moved on to Transylvania. Then Waltrowitz became Catholic again. Around 1748 a new school building was built in the village. From 1788 to 1832, the children of Klein-Grillowitz were also schooled in Waltrowitz. In 1770, house numbers were introduced in the village by an edict from Emperor Josef II .

But the place was not spared from blows of fate even in the 19th century. In 1838 the Thaya was flooded, which was repeated in 1841, and there was a great hailstorm, which in turn caused high costs. Fires raged in the village in 1843, 1852 and 1866. Cholera also broke out in the village, killing three residents in 1831 (out of 100 sick people) and four in 1855. The school building was rebuilt in 1876 and completely rebuilt in 1896 due to the increasing number of students. In 1894 a volunteer fire brigade was founded in Waltrowitz. The Waltrowitzer lived mainly from cattle and agriculture. The favorable climate allowed the cultivation of various types of grain, cucumbers, peppers, beans, lentils, peas, cherries, apricots, apples and pears. Viticulture, which has been cultivated in South Moravia for centuries, only played a subordinate role in Waltrowitz and the quantities produced never exceeded the company's own needs. There was also the usual small business in town.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War , 1914–1918, was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain gave these disputed territories to Czechoslovakia against the will of the German South Moravians living there - in 1910 it was 99%. In the interwar period , tension increased across the country. As armed conflict loomed, the Western powers caused the Czech government to cede the outlying areas inhabited by Sudeten Germans (later generic term for South Moravia) to Germany. In the Munich Agreement , this was regulated. Thus, on October 1, 1938, Waltrowitz became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau . - The place was electrified in 1929.

During the Second World War , the place suffered 44 victims. After its end (May 8, 1945), the request of the ČSR government Beneš was complied with by the victorious powers and the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1938 ) were reassigned to Czechoslovakia based on the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) . Non-resident militant Czechs took over the place seamlessly, resulting in severe pogroms against the German population and 13 civilian deaths. The Beneš decree 115/1946 declared actions committed up to October 28, 1945 in the struggle to regain freedom ..., or which aimed at just retaliation for deeds of the occupiers or their accomplices ... as not unlawful. Many German South Moravians had fled these excesses across the border to Austria in the hope of being able to return soon. When attempting a post-war order, the victorious powers of the Second World War did not take a specific position on August 2, 1945 in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, on the wild and collective expulsions of the German population. However, they explicitly called for an "orderly and humane transfer" of the "German population segments" that "remained in Czechoslovakia". Between June 22 and September 18, 1946, the last 52 German residents were forcibly relocated to West Germany . The place was repopulated. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 , the assets of the Protestant church were liquidated by the Beneš decree 131 and the Catholic Church was expropriated in the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

Of the driven Waltrowitzers, 82 were able to stay in Austria. The remaining 586 Waltrowitzers had to be transferred to Germany in accordance with the original transfer goals of the Potsdam Communiqué . Two residents later emigrated to the United States.

The registers have been kept in the village since 1660. Online search via the Brno State Archives.

Coat of arms and seal

An old illustration of the seal shows a semicircular shield surrounded by simple arabesques and within it three devices. A winemaker's knife, a stick with a point at the bottom with a cross piece of wood at the top and a hook plow or a plow knife. Later a non-image community temple was used.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	514	511	3	0
1890	569	561	7th	1
1900	560	557	3	0
1910	511	507	4th	0
1921	557	536	12	9
1930	607	598	6th	3

Attractions

• Parish Church of St. Johannes d. Baptist (1317) completely restored in 1847 / altarpiece by Josef Winterhalter
• 3 Marterln on the way to the Thaya
• Löwingbrünndel Chapel

Sons and daughters of the place

• Richard Gubin (1869–1940) entrepreneur, inventor and founder of the 1st Vienna stamping foil factory.
• Karl Bacher (1884–1954) dialect poet

regional customs

Rich customs as well as numerous fairy tales and legends enriched the lives of the German locals who were expelled in 1945/46:

• Around 1900 a man at a spring at the corridor border to Rausenbruck and Gurwitz has an apparition of Mary. Before the Thirty Years War , this is where the town of Leuven was located. More and more people made pilgrimages to this spring and pinned images of saints to the surrounding trees. When a seriously ill girl got well after washing with the spring water, her father expanded the spring, built a well and built a small chapel over it. Soon several processions a year led to this chapel.
• The Kirtag always took place on June 24th for the feast of St. Johannes d. Baptist instead.

literature

• Karl Bacher : Folklore from Waltrowitz, District Znaim, in South Moravia , 1937.
• Karl Bacher : Dos Liad vo der Thaya . Epic in South Moravian dialect. The village of Waltrowitz. South Moravian Cultural Area. 1974.
• Johann Zabel: Church handler for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Waltrowitz p. 27.
• Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . 1969, Munich, Heimatwerk publishing house.
• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige.
• Emilia Hrabovec: eviction and deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945 - 1947 , Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996.

swell

• Karl Wittek: The Anabaptists in South Moravia .
• Josef Beck: The history books of the Anabaptists in Austria-Hungary, 1967.
• Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia ISBN 3-927498-092 .
• Anton Kreuzer: History of South Moravia, Volume I.
• Felix Bornemann: Art and handicrafts in South Moravia , Waltrowitz, s. 38, C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 .
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities , Waltrowitz, s. 246f, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X .
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 290 f . (Waltrowitz).
• Rudolf Grulich : Organized Expulsion. Issue 8/2005, newsletter, March 2006.

Web links

• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia ISBN 3-927498-09-2
3. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
4. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume III, p. 46.
5. ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate Moravia , 1836, p. 306
6. ^ Anton Vrbka: Memorial Book of the City of Znojmo, 1226-1926: cultural-historical pictures from this time , 1927, p.162
7. ↑ Bernd Längin: Die Hutterer , 1986, p.237
8. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: I dream of a vine , Chapter 7, s. 261
9. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
10. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
11. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
12. ↑ ^{a b} Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z , 2009
13. ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The Znaim district from AZ. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2010, Book of the Dead p. 378
14. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, Waltrowitz p. 290, 533. ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .
15. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
16. ↑ Milan Churaň: Potsdam and Czechoslovakia. 2007, ISBN 978-3-9810491-7-6 .
17. ↑ Ignaz Seidl-Hohenveldern : International Confiscation and Expropriation Law. Series: Contributions to foreign and international private law. Volume 23. Berlin and Tübingen, 1952.
18. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46 , diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
19. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 290 f . (Waltrowitz).
20. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 14, 2011.
21. ↑ Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities (1992), Waltrowitz p. 246f
22. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
23. ^ Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia (1990), Waltrowitz p.38