Mašovice
| Mašovice | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | ||||
| District : | Znojmo | ||||
| Area : | 1114,6097 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 51 ' N , 15 ° 58' E | ||||
| Height: | 364 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 518 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 669 02 | ||||
| License plate : | B. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Znojmo - Lukov | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Jurka Libor (as of 2016) | ||||
| Address: | Mašovice 52 669 02 Znojmo |
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| Municipality number: | 594415 | ||||
| Website : | www.masovice.cz | ||||
Mašovice (German Groß Maispitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located six kilometers west of Znojmo and belongs to the Okres Znojmo .
geography
Mašovice is located on the edge of the Podyjí National Park in Citonická plošina ( Edmitzer plain ). The longitudinal tang village lies on the slope of a right side valley of the Mašovický potok ( Maispitzer brook ). To the southeast rises the Klínka (394 m nm), in the southwest the Lipina (438 m nm), the Čerchov (438 m nm) and the Horka (431 m nm) and to the west of the Kozí vrch (430 m nm). Two to three kilometers east and south of the village runs the valley of the Thaya , which is partially flooded with the Znojmo reservoir .
Neighboring towns are Citonice and Mramotice in the north, Kasárna and Cínová Hora in the Northeast, Mašovický Dvůr and Hradiště in the East, Andělský Mlyn, Sedlešovice , Konice and Popice to the southeast, Havraníky , Hnanice and Mitterretzbach in the south, Hofern and Niederfladnitz in the southwest, Podmolí , Nová Ves and Lukov in the west and Čížov , Horní Břečkov and Bezkov in the northwest.
history
Archaeological finds show a continuous settlement of the municipality area since the end of the Neolithic . The double ring moat from the time of the Moravian painted ceramic culture discovered on the outskirts in the Pšeničná corridor was the first such find in Moravia . The outer ring with a diameter of 110 m and the inner ring with 80 m were measured by aerial photographs ; This makes the system the second largest in Moravia after the one in Vedrovice . It is assumed that there were entrance gates in all four directions; remains of the west and north gates have been found through excavations. Cattle horns up to 50 cm long were found in the ditch; Whether these were originally on piles inside the facility or were thrown uselessly into the trench has not yet been clearly established. In 2007 and 2008 two Venus figurines were found, which were called "Hedvíka" and "Johanka". Hedvíka, discovered in 2007 and preserved only as a torso with the abdomen and one leg, was probably 50 cm tall. It is the only known find of a figurine of this size in Europe and the Orient; in 2008 a replica was made. In a large-scale excavation, a settlement of the linear ceramic culture was uncovered; it is believed that the place lasted until the second century BC. Was continuously inhabited.
Mašovice was probably founded in 1046. The village was first mentioned in writing in 1052 together with other places in a deed of donation from Duke Břetislav I for the Collegiate Chapter Stará Boleslav , which, however, is a forgery from the 12th century. In the description of the Diocese of Olomouc from the year 1131, two cantons in Masovic were listed among the goods of the Znojmo church. In 1220, the Znojmo burgrave Jimram von Boskowitz gave the Brück monastery for the newly founded church of St. Margaret in Přímětice next to land in Přímětice and Kuchařovice also a forest near Massovitz , which, however, probably means today's Hluboké Mašůvky . Margrave Ottokar II. Přemysl left part of Mašovice to the provost and the church of St. Hippolyt on the Pöltenberg in 1252 and confirmed ownership to the Lords of the Cross with the Red Star on June 6 of the same year. In 1259, the first Pöltenberg provost Karl also acquired the other part of the village from the Marienthal Cistercian convent in Oslavany in exchange for Řeznovice . After Ottokar's death in 1278 the troops of the German King Rudolf I occupied Moravia, and Mašovice was plundered and devastated.
In 1324 the deserted village was repopulated; the Pöltenberg provost concluded a contract with the judge in Šatov for the resettlement of eight desert hubs in Mašovice. The provost's office left two more hubs in Maspitz to the pastor for life in 1335, with a subsequent fallback clause. In 1408 the Bítovský von Lichtenburg owned four hubs in Maspitz , which were subject to the Bítov castle . About one kilometer east of Maspitz the village was small Maspitz . In the early years of the Thirty Years War , the Probstei Pöltenberg sold several properties to farmers because of financial difficulties. After the end of the war, 45 properties are shown for Maspitz in the hoof register ( Lánský rejstřík ), of which 14 were desolate. In 1660 the provost's office bought four properties in Klein Maspitz for the purpose of building a sheep farm . Twenty years later, she also acquired the other two farms in order to build a farm in their place . The inhabitants of the village were relocated to the newly created street perimeter village of Klein Maspitz north of Maspitz . 155 inhabitants died in Maspitz when the plague broke out in 1680 . Later the place name changed to Maispitz . To distinguish it from Tief Maispitz , Maispitz was called Groß Maispitz from 1751 onwards . The two neighboring villages Groß Maispitz and Klein Maispitz consisted in 1793 of a total of 60 houses with 405 inhabitants. Their corridors comprised 1233 Joch arable land, 100 of which belonged to the Meierhof, 91 Joch Hutweideland, 46 Joch Wiesenland and 38 Joch Gartenland. In the first half of the 19th century, Klein Maispitz and Groß Maispitz grew into one unit.
In 1834 the village of Groß Maispitz or Mašowice welke consisted of 73 houses with 464 equally German and Moravian-speaking inhabitants. The main source of income was agriculture. The parish administration belonging to the Znojmo deanery, together with the church and the school, was under the patronage of the Pöltenberger Kreuzherren. The magisterial Meierhof ( Mašovický Dvůr ) with a civil servants' house and a hunter's house, as well as two mills on the Mašovický brook, lay apart . The place was the seat of one of the three manorial forest districts. Groß Maispitz was the parish for Weskau . Groß Maispitz remained subordinate to the Pöltenberg monastery until the middle of the 19th century . The place of administration was Pöltenberg. In 1841 a new school was built next to the church. Before that, lessons took place in the Pelánov inn, the current seat of the municipal office.
After the abolition of patrimonial formed United Maispitz / Velké Mašovice 1849 with the hamlet Bezkov a municipality in the judicial district of Znojmo. Bezkov broke up in 1867 and formed its own community. In 1868 Groß Maispitz became part of the Znojmo district. In 1880 there were 518 Czechs and 15 Germans living in the municipality, ten years later there were only 536 Czechs. The volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1900. In 1907 a new school building was built behind the church, the previous school building was converted into a parsonage. In 1910 552 people lived in the 121 houses of Groß Maispitz, 540 of them Czechs and ten Germans. The connecting road to Bezkov was built in 1912. After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated and the village became part of the Czechoslovak Republic . Mašovice was established as the Czech place name in 1924 . In 1928 Groß Maispitz received a bus connection to Znojmo. In the 1930 census, Groß Maispitz consisted of 135 houses and 530 inhabitants, including 528 Czechs. In the mid-1930s, a light bunker line of the Czechoslovak Wall was built south of Groß Maispitz . After the Munich Agreement , Groß Maispitz and Weskau initially remained in Czechoslovakia, but both villages became insular; There was no road to the neighboring Czechoslovakian area at Brenditz and Kasern, between them lay the Granitzgrund. In the course of the border adjustment on November 20, 1938, Groß Maispitz was exchanged for Edmitz . On November 24, 1938, the village was occupied by German troops and assigned to the German district of Znojmo . Groß Maispitz was the only municipality in the district inhabited exclusively by Czechs. In the 1939 census there were 562 Czechs in Groß Maispitz. After the end of the Second World War, Mašovice came back to Czechoslovakia and again formed a community in Okres Znojmo . In 1961 476 people lived in the 126 houses in Mašovice. Since 2002 the community has had a coat of arms and a banner. From 2004 a new residential area with 40 private homes was built in the Pšeničná corridor.
Community structure
No districts are shown for the municipality of Mašovice. Mašovice includes the Mašovický Dvůr ( Groß Maispitzer Hof ) and Andělský Mlýn ( Upper Mill ) layers .
Attractions
- Church of John the Baptist, the former Gothic building from the 13th century was redesigned in Baroque style in the 17th and 18th centuries. It received its present appearance after the renovations in 1836 and 1853. The altarpiece of the high altar was created by Franz Anton Maulbertsch .
- Rectory, built in 1841 as a school
- Chapel in front of house No. 103 on the village square, it was probably built in 1918
- Wayside shrine at the school garden, erected in 1639. The monument made of shell limestone bears the inscription IERG LAGNER SEIN HAOSFRAW AEBRLE 1639 .
- Andělský mlýn ( Upper Mill ), southeast of the village in the valley of the Mašovický potok. The baroque building from 1695 was later converted into the Hegerhaus.
- The ruins of the Čertův mlýn ( Lower Mill ), below the Andělský mlýn in the Mašovický potok valley. The name Devil's Mill , which is also in use , was derived from the Devil's Weir, a nearby waterfall of Mašovický potok.
- Folk style homesteads
- Bunker of the Czechoslovak Wall
- Deeply incised Thayatal
- Mašovický lom natural monument, abandoned quarry with a larger lake at the eastern end of the village. It is the only occurrence of the Alpine crested newt in the Czech Republic and has been placed under protection.
- Šafářka natural monument, northeast of the village
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/594415/Masovice
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ http://www.spektrum.de/news/frauenbein-aus-der-jungsteinzeit/908873
- ↑ http://brno.idnes.cz/praveka-kraska-z-masovic-uz-je-kompletni-ve-stredu-dostala-hlavu-pxm-/brno-zpravy.aspx?c=A080610_989568_brno_dmk
- ↑ http://www.masovice.cz/o-obci/archeologicke-nalezy/
- ^ Franz Josef Schwoy : Topography of the Margraviate Moravia , Vol. 3 Preraurer, Znaimer and Iglauer Kreis. Vienna 1794. p. 352
- ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate Moravia topographically, statistically and historically described , III. Volume: Znaimer Kreis (1837), pp. 477–478
- ↑ http://www.masovice.cz/o-obci/symboly-obce/