Lichtenburg (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of those of Lichtenburg

The old Bohemian noble family Lichtenburg (Czech: z Lichtenburka also: Lichtenburkové ) came from - according to the common tree branch coat of arms ("Ostrew") - a branch of the dynasty of the von Ronovici , the same tribe with the Berka von Dub ; from Lipa ; von Klinstein, von Richenburg; from Zleb; Ronow and Biberstein and Nachod and Lichtenburg and, together with those of Lipa (z Lipeho), Berka von Dub and Leipa and the Krzineczky von Ronow, took the first place in the oldest Bohemian gentry order from 1501.

According to the Dalimil Chronicle, those from Lichtenburg should come from a Chval . They owned estates in northern Bohemia , u. a. the dominion of Friedland with Zakupy Castle ; In the middle of the 13th century they became fiefs of extensive lands in Central and Eastern Bohemia and in Moravia and took their name from Lichnice Castle (Lichtenburg, Lichtenburk) near Tschalau in Eastern Bohemia, today preserved as the ruins of a Gothic castle from the 13th century.

coat of arms

Two black tree trunks cut five times in gold, jewel: natural play of peacocks across to the right topped with a silver fish; Covers: black and gold.

The first from Lichtenburg and their descendants

The memorabilia books of the Vilemov monastery commemorate the year 1281 of three brothers: Heinrich, Smil and Raimund, sons of Mr. Smil von Lichtenburk, who sold the villages of Hermanic and Malovic to the abbot of the Vilemov monastery . The brothers Smil and Udalrich, sons of Smil von Lichtenburk mentioned here, gave the Willomov monastery (Benedictine monastery Vilemov near Deutschbrod (Havlickuv Brod), destroyed by the Hussites in 1420) the villages of Opacnik and Golic as fiefs (Prague copy books of 1285).

Lichnice Castle (Lichtenburg)

The progenitor of the von Lichtenburg family, Heinrich von Zittau ( Jindřich ze Žitavy ) in Upper Lusatia in the settlement area of ​​the West Slavic Sorbs , from the Ronowici dynasty was Burgrave von Bautzen (Budissin), was born around 1203 and died in 1252. His older son Smil, called Swietlik was the first to call himself "by the grace of God Herr von Lichtenburg" , on Lichnicz ( Lichnice Castle ) and Deutschbrod in Eastern Bohemia, documented in 1261 as "Zmilo de Luchtenburg, Baro illustris Regis Bohemiae" (original in the Teutonic Order Central Archive Vienna). His younger brother Czastalow alias Czeniek von Ronow († 1271) was the progenitor of the lords von Berka von Dub and Leipa; Baron Krzniczky von Ronow, named after Ronow Castle on the Lusatian Neisse ; those of Lipa; Klinstein; Richenberg; Zleb and other families who named themselves after their possessions.

Smil (Zmilo) de Luchtenburg, married in second marriage to Elisabeth / Alžběta, a daughter of the Moravian nobleman Přibyslav von Křižanov , had four sons. Since the middle of the 13th century he had rich silver ore deposits in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands , the yield of which made him and his descendants wealthy. In addition to the rulership of Deutschbrod , he owned u. a. also the mining towns of Chotěboř and Přibyslav . Lichtenburg Castle (Luchtenburg), which gives it its name and which has been proven to have belonged to him since 1261, was the administrative center of the Lichtenburg estates, was located in Eastern Bohemia and is now preserved as a ruin. Smil died in 1269. According to the genealogist novel by Procházka, his four sons were :

  • Heinrich (Jindřich) von Lichtenburg (baptized 1235; † 1296), resident on Deutschbrod
  • Ulrich, called "Ulmann" von Lichtenburg (baptized 1260; † after 1313), 1313 burgrave of the castle in Prague
  • Hynek von Lichtenburg († 1296), at Zleb Castle
  • Raimund (Rajmund) († 1329), called Bitowsky von Lichtenburg, governor of Moravia and owner of the lordships of Lipnice and Vöttau .

The Barons von Lichtenburg, who died out in the male line at the end of the 16th century, come from:

  • Hynek Kruschina von Lichtenburg (baptized 1260; † after 1312), son of Heinrich; owned Žleb and Deutschbrod. The family branch of the Kruschina von Lichtenburg died out in the male line at the end of the 16th century. The last known male descendant was Hynek Kruschina VI. († after 1594).
  • Baron Wenzel Žleb von Lichtenburg († before 1314), son of Heinrich; owned the dominions Žleb and Klapý , had the son Heimann (Hynek) von Lichtenburg auf Zleb and Podiebrad († around 1350), married to Agnes von Landstein, daughter of Witiko von Landstein auf Wittingau from the house of the Witigonen (?), their daughter Elisabeth Freiin von Lichtenburg auf Zleb, heiress of Podiebrad, married around 1350 Boczek IV. Baron von Kunstadt at Liticz Castle and Proßnitz and Butschowitz, royal Bohemian cupbearer, (* around 1320; † 1373); they are the maternal grandparents of the Bohemian King George of Podebrady (1420–1471). The Žleb von Lichtenburg branch of the family died in the male line in 1351 with Hynek Žleb von Lichtenburg.
  • Heinrich II. Pykna von Lichtenburg († after 1356), son of Ulrich; owned the Lichtenburg, Chvojno , Litice and Choceň . The Pykna von Lichtenburg family branch died out in the male line in 1410.
  • Smil Bítovský von Lichtenburg († 1347), son of Raimund; married to Anna von Ronow, whose daughter Margarethe von Ronow and Letowicz Freiin von Lichtenburg was the second wife of Ulrich II, (the younger) von Boskowitz (noble family) and Czerna Hora auf Daubrawicz, († 1407). The last male descendant of the Bítovský von Lichtenburg family branch was Heinrich Bítovský von Lichtenburg († 1572). As the castles Frain and Zornstein also belonged to this branch of the family, individual family members named themselves after these two properties.

Other well-known Lichtenburgers

  • Johann Kruschina von Lichtenburg was the royal burggrave and court master as well as governor of the Bohemian hereditary principality Schweidnitz-Jauer . Owned Miletín , Hornšperk , Opočno , Kumburk Castle and Albrechtice . In 1446 he handed over the town of Rokitzan ( Rokycany ) to the Hussite leader Johann (the younger) von Schwanberg (noble family) on Pfraumberg (Primda) in western Bohemia, whose sons:
    • Baron Hynek Kruschina von Lichtenburg († 1454), on Bradlecz, lord of the County of Glatz and the fortress of Munsterberg, was the fief of the manors of Puta the Elder, who died in 1434, in East Bohemia . J. von Častolowitz and the inherited lordships of Opočno , the castle Kumburk , Albrechtice and Arnau and married to Anna von Hasenburg (Hase von Hasenburg, Zagicz z Hasemburka, Zajic von Hasenburg), a daughter of Nikolaus (Mikulass) Freiherr von Hasenburg I, on Libochowitz ( Libochovice ), chief judge in the Kingdom of Bohemia († October 8, 1459) and his wife Skonka (Kunigunde) Freiin von Kunstadt, heiress of Kost Castle.
    • Johann ( Jan ) V. Kruschina von Lichtenburg, Lord of Arnau and Adersbach , Hussite leader . Was murdered in 1434 after a dispute in the Braunau city ​​council in which he assaulted the Braunau mayor.
  • Johann d. Ä. Bítovský von Lichtenburg auf Zornstein († 1448) ( Jan starši na Cornštejně ). Supreme Chamberlain of Olomouc .
  • Hynek Bitovský von Lichtenburg auf Zornstein († 1472), he felt snubbed in 1454 when the provincial administrator Georg von Podebrady appointed Procek von Opatovice from the Lišnica line of the Lords of Kunstadt as Olomouc Chamberlain . The gentlemen Lichtenburg auf Zornstein, who had claimed the office, saw it as an act of nepotism by the gentlemen of Kunstadt. The resulting bitter hostility between the two sexes led Procek von Opatovice to stay away from the Landtag in 1455 on the pretext of illness and to ask the estates in writing to protect himself and his relatives from the denigrations and hostilities of the Zornsteiners. In 1463 Hynek Bítovský openly rebelled against King George of Podebrady. He withdrew Zornstein Castle from him and had it besieged in 1464 by his troops, who were able to take it the following year. He was left with the Hostim Fortress and the Bukovina Castle .
  • Wenzel Kruschina von Lichtenburg, governor of the Hereditary Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer , married to Katharina Přepyšsky von Rychemberg ; their daughter Elisabeth von Lichtenburg was married to Nikolaus ( Mikess ) Freiherr von Žampach and Pottenstein († after 1421) on Žampach, Wichstadtl and Joslowitz , Burgrave of Znaim .

literature

  • Jan Urban: Lichtenburkové. Praha 2003, ISBN 80-7106-579-X .
  • Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 (keyword Lichtenburg ).
  • The coats of arms of the Bohemian nobility, J.Siebmacher's great coat of arms book, Volume 3, Neustadt an der Aisch 1979, Herren von Lichtenburk page 237, coat of arms on plate 105, ISBN 3-87947-030-8 .
  • Roman von Procházka : Genealogical handbook of extinct Bohemian gentry families, Neustadt an der Ausch 1973, text passages to the Lichtenburg page 7, 15, 107, 167, 204, 206, 279, 322, 368; Supplementary volume, edited by the board of the Collegium Carolinum (Institute) Research Center for the Bohemian Lands, R. Oldenbourg Verlag Munich Vienna 1990, text passages on the Lichtenburg pages 16, 19, 85, 99 f, 142, 159.

Web links

Commons : Lichtenburg (noble family)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lords of Lichtenburg In: The arms of the Bohemian nobility, J. Siebmacher's large book of arms. Volume 30. Neustadt an der Aisch 1979, ISBN 3-87947-030-8 , p. 237.
  2. ↑ Historical map around 1400 by Josef Vítězslav Šimák
  3. ^ V. Maiwald, OSB: The Braunauer Ländchen during the Hussite period . In: The Hussitennot in Glatzer Lande (= Glatzer Heimatschriften. Volume 30). Glatz 1928, pp. 63-68.
  4. ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate of Moravia described topographically, statistically and historically. III. Volume: Znaimer Kreis (1837), p. 552.