Choceň
| Choceň | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Pardubický kraj | ||||
| District : | Ústí nad Orlicí | ||||
| Area : | 2170 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 0 ' N , 16 ° 13' E | ||||
| Height: | 290 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 8,646 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 565 01 | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 7th | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Miroslav Kučera (as of 2006) | ||||
| Address: | Jungmannova 301 565 15 Choceň |
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| Municipality number: | 580350 | ||||
| Website : | www.chocen-mesto.cz | ||||
Choceň (German Chotzen ) is a city in the Okres Ústí nad Orlicí in the Czech Republic .
geography
Choceň is located in the valley of the Silent Eagles ( Tichá Orlice ), in the foothills of the Eagle Mountains in the foothills of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands .
history
The area around Choceň is said to have been inhabited as early as the Bronze Age . In the 10th century it belonged to the Slavnikids and later to the Vršovci . Choceň was first mentioned in 1227 in the will of Chamberlain Kojata IV of Hrabischitz , who gave the Choceň area to the brothers Sezima and Milota, who were called Hocen .
In 1292 Choceň was called "villa forensis" and belonged to the Bohemian King Wenceslaus II. In the first third of the 14th century Choceň was seized by the robber baron Nikolaus ( Mikuláš ) of Pottenstein , who is said to have carried out raids in the whole area. Therefore, the then margrave Karl besieged Pottenstein Castle in 1339 and destroyed it. Since Nicholas was killed in the rubble, his possessions fell back to King John of Luxembourg . In the middle of the 14th century, Choceň and the reign of the same name were divided by King Charles IV, with the smaller half presumably handed over to the descendants of Nikolaus von Pottenstein and from 1395 to 1548 belonging to the Žampach reign . The larger half was owned by Heinrich ( Jindřich ) von Lichtenburg in 1356 . He and his son Jan confirmed the privileges of the Chotzen bailiffs that year . Heinrich's grandson Jan d. Ä. held the office of court master under Wenzel IV , belonged to the advisory board of the regional court at the end of the 1380s and was the first to call herself Pykna von Lichtenburg . After he died around 1390, his possessions were administered by Johann Kruschina von Lichtenburg , who was appointed guardian of the underage children Zikmund, Markéta and Dorota. Around 1406 the possessions legally passed to the now adult Zikmund. In 1410 he took part in the Battle of Tannenberg , where he was killed. His Chotzener possessions fell to King Wenceslaus IV under the right of revocation, who transferred them to his follower Lacek von Kravař on October 10, 1411 . Since Boček II. Von Podiebrad also made claims on Choceň because of his family ties to the Lichtenburg family, the ownership structure initially remained unresolved. In 1412 Choceň was given to the East Bohemian magnate Puta d. J. von Častolowitz confirmed and again in 1417 after he had bought the inheritance claim from Zikmund's sisters Markéta and Dorota. In the turmoil of the Hussite Wars , Choceň came back to the Podebrady family. After Viktorin von Podiebrad's death in 1427, Puta, who was an avowed opponent of the Hussites and a supporter of Emperor Sigismund , got Choceň back. He confirmed the city's privileges. After Puta's death in 1434, the property was initially administered by his widow Anna von Kolditz, who sold them to her future husband Hynek Kruschina von Lichtenburg in 1440 .
Hynek died in 1454 and his son Wilhelm Kruschina sold the estates known as Častolowitz , to which Choceň belonged, to the then provincial administrator and later King George of Podebrady . His son Heinrich d. Ä. sold Choceň in 1497 to Wilhelm II of Pernstein . Under the Pernsteins, Choceň was united with the Choceňek settlement on the left bank of the Silent Eagles in 1548. In 1559 they sold Choceň as well as the dominion of the same name with 16 villages to Sigismund von Schellenberg. He granted the city a fair and a weekly market and built the town hall in 1564. Presumably on the site of a medieval fortress, he had a manor house built, which was converted into a four-winged castle in 1574. In 1581 he exempted his subjects from the stately taxes.
At the beginning of the 17th century, Choceň came to Hartwig Zeidlitz von Schönfeld ( Hertvík Zejdlic ze Šenfeldu ). His son Rudolf approved the establishment of a weavers' guild in 1619. Since Rudolf is said to have participated in the Bohemian uprising of the estates , he was expropriated after the Battle of White Mountain and his possessions transferred to Albrecht von Waldstein . He sold it in 1623 to Vinzenz Muschinger von Grumpersdorf ( Vincenc Mušinger z Grumperdorfu ), from whom it came to his son-in-law Ferdinand Sigismund Kurtz von Senftenau ( Zikmund Kurz ze Senftenau ) after his death in 1628 . During the Thirty Years War , Choceň was sacked by the Swedes in 1646. In 1686 it came to the von Trautmannsdorff family
In 1709, the Bohemian Chancellor Wenceslas Norbert Oktavian Kinsky acquired the town and estate of Choceň. Under the Kinsky, Choceň experienced an economic boom. The castle was rebuilt in 1710–1720. After over 30 houses and the church were destroyed by fire in 1725, they were rebuilt. In 1746 the Chotzen possessions were converted into a Fideikommiß . In 1845 Choceň received a railway connection on the Olomouc - Prague line. With the connections Choceň - Braunau (1875) and Choceň - Leitomischl (1881) it became an important railway junction. After the abolition of patrimonial Choceň received town charter in 1849.
Economic development during the First Republic was interrupted by World War II.
Districts
- Březenice ( Bresnitz )
- Dvořisko ( Dworschisko )
- Hemže ( Hemsch )
- Choceň ( Chotzen )
- Nová Ves ( Neudorf )
- Plchůvky ( Pilchuwek )
- Podrážek ( Podraschek )
Attractions
- Choceň chateau with chateau park
- The parish church of St. Francis of Assisi ( Kostel svatého Františka Serafínského ) was built in 1728–1733.
- Eagle Mountain Museum ( Orlické muzeum )
- In the suburbs, the nature reserve is Peliny with flashy pläners -Felsformationen
Economy and Transport
The station Choceň is on the main route from Prague to Olomouc, where the railway line Choceň-Meziměstí and the railway line Choceň Litomyšl- branch. The aircraft manufacturer Beneš-Mráz (later Orličan , Let ) has had its headquarters here since 1935. The Czech branch of Kögel Fahrzeugwerke is also located here.
sons and daughters of the town
- Wenzel Matiegka (1773-1830), composer
- Luboš Kubík (* 1964), footballer
literature
- Jan Jan Urban: Lichtenburkové. Vzestupy a pády jednoho panského rodu (= Šlechtické rody Čech, Moravy a Slezska. 2). Nakladatelství Lidové Noviny, Praha 2003, ISBN 80-7106-579-X , pp. 181-191 and others
- Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , p. 99.
