Litomyšl

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Litomyšl
Litomyšl coat of arms
Litomyšl (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Historical part of the country : Bohemia
Region : Pardubický kraj
District : Svitavy
Area : 3345 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 52 '  N , 16 ° 19'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 52 '13 "  N , 16 ° 18' 41"  E
Height: 330  m nm
Residents : 10,429 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 030 92, 570 01
License plate : E.
structure
Status: city
Districts: 10
administration
Mayor : Radomil Kašpar
Address: Bří Šťastných 1000
570 01 Litomyšl
Municipality number: 578347
Website : www.litomysl.cz

Litomyšl (German Leitomischl ) is a town on the Loučná in the East Bohemian region of Pardubice . The Litomyšl Castle is part of the UNESCO World Heritage . The city's best-known son is the composer Bedřich Smetana , who became famous for his symphonic poem The Vltava River .

history

Litomyšl was first mentioned in 981 in the Chronica Boemorum des Kosmas of Prague . It is believed that the Slavnikids built a fortress on the site of the current castle in the 10th century. At the end of the 11th century, Duke Břetislav II founded a Benedictine monastery below the castle , which the Olomouc Bishop Heinrich Zdik transferred to Premonstratensians in 1145 who came from the area around Aachen and were experienced in clearing .

The original settlement below the monastery mountain was mentioned in 1108 as "opidum Lutomisl". King Ottokar II Přemysl granted it market rights in 1259, its own jurisdiction and in 1263 the Königgrätz city ​​rights . At that time it was inhabited by both Czechs and Germans. In the second half of the 14th century there were guilds for bakers, drapers and weavers.

After the elevation of the diocese of Prague to the archbishopric in 1344, the diocese Litomyšl was founded and subordinated to Prague as a suffragan diocese. The clerics of the Premonstratensian monastery, which had been abolished when the diocese was founded, formed the cathedral chapter . Bishop Johannes von Neumarkt brought the Augustinians to Litomyšl in 1356 .

In the Hussite Wars in 1425 the canons fled to Svitavy , which belonged to the Diocese of Olomouc . With that, the Litomyšl diocese went under and was not renewed later, even if it did not legally expire until 1554.

From 1432 the Litomyšl reign was owned by the Kostka of Postupice , who were on the side of the Bohemian brothers . As a result, Litomyšl became an important center of the Brotherhood and was also the seat of a senior for a time. After Bohuš Kostka von Postupice had supported the uprising against King Ferdinand I in 1547 , he lost his possessions. In 1548 the Bohemian brothers were also expelled from Litomyšl.

In 1567, the Litomyšl reign was exchanged for Chropyně to the Bohemian Colonel Chancellor Vratislav von Pernstein , who built the Renaissance castle over the next few years . In the course of the Counter Reformation , Protestants who refused to change their faith had to leave the city after the Battle of White Mountain . Frebonie von Pernstein called the Piarists to Litomyšl in 1640 , who founded a grammar school and a philosophy seminar and promoted the theater and music life. They made a significant contribution to the intellectual and cultural development of the city up to modern times.

After the Thirty Years' War , the noble family Trauttmansdorff received the rule of Litomyšl. It was followed in 1758 by Count Waldstein and in 1855 by Princes Thurn and Taxis , who acquired Litomyšl by auction.

The city was destroyed several times by fires and had to endure marching through troops and looting in both the Silesian and Napoleonic Wars .

Litomyšl was an important center of the Czech National Revival in the 19th century .

City structure

Litomyšl includes the districts Kornice ( Kornitz ), Lány ( Lana ), Nedošín ( Nedoschin ), Nová Ves u Litomyšle ( Neudorf b. Leitomischl ), Pazucha ( Poslich ), Pohodlí ( Friedrichshof ), Suchá ( Sucha ), Zahájí ( Sahaj ) and Záhradí ( Sachrad ).

Attractions

The historic city center was declared an urban monument reserve in 1965 .

  • The Leitomischl Palace is one of the most important Renaissance monuments in Central Europe and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • The center of the city is the elongated market square. It is surrounded by Renaissance and Baroque style town houses with arbors and gables. House No. 10 to the Knights is particularly richly decorated . The town hall was built in 1418 and later redesigned (see also New Town Hall Litomyšl ). The monument to Bedřich Smetana at the western end of the square was created by Jan Štursa in 1924.
  • Marian column on the market square
  • The Parish Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross ( Kostel povýšení sv. Kříže ) was built for the Augustinians from 1356 and completed in 1378. Under Maria Manrique de Lara, widow of Vratislav von Pernstein, a renovation took place in 1601. The painting of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross was created by Ignaz Raab , the pictures of the Way of the Cross are by Josef Cereghetti. At the end of the 19th century, the church was partially regotified according to plans by Franz Schmoranz. An extensive renovation took place between 1995 and 2000.
  • The convent building (today the provost house) was built in the Baroque style between 1758 and 1763 according to a design by the architect Jiří Beba.
  • The Piarist Church of the Discovery of the Holy Cross ( Kostel nalezení sv. Kříže ) was rebuilt under Count Franz Wenzel von Trauttmansdorff from 1714 according to plans by Giovanni Battista Alliprandi and completed after his death by Franz Maximilian Kaňka . Matthias Bernhard Braun created the statues of the Four Evangelists and the sculptures of St. Wenceslas and St. Prokop on the facade . The church also served as a burial place for the members of the order and the Counts Trauttmansdorff and Waldstein-Wartenberg. After the Piarists had to leave Litomyšl in 1948, the church fell into disrepair. The renovation that began in 1991 has not yet been completed.
  • The city museum is housed in the Piarist College from the 16th century. The portal is decorated with coats of arms of the Trauttmansdorff ( flower and star ) and the Pernsteiner ( aurochs with a nose ring ).
  • The monastery gardens extend on a hill below the castle and partly follow the former city wall. They were laid out in the Renaissance style and later redesigned in Baroque style and also served as ornamental and kitchen gardens. After 1948 they were no longer accessible and neglected. In 1999 they were renovated and opened to the public.
  • The cemetery church is dedicated to St. Anne. It was built between 1670 and 1672 by Countess Marie Anna von Trauttmansdorff, née Berka von Duba and Leipa .
  • A monument created in 1959 for the writer Alois Jirásek , who worked as a teacher at the Piarist High School, is located in the green space between the castle and the museum.
  • The former landscape park Nedošínský háj , described in Alois Jirásek's novel Filozofská historie , is a natural monument and excursion destination.

  • Litomyšl Castle

  • Marketplace

  • Piarist Church Finding St. Cross

Broadcasting station

In the vicinity of Litomyšl, at 49 ° 49'07 "N; 16 ° 18'27" E, the most important short-wave transmitter for Czech radio is located. The facility has towers up to 105 meters high.

A little to the south-west of this system at 49 ° 48'38 "N; 16 ° 18'5" E there is a medium wave transmitter that is operated on the frequency 1287 kHz with 150 W transmission power. He uses two guyed 125 meter high steel truss masts as a transmitting antenna.

education

The Faculty of Restoration of the University of Pardubice is located in Litomyšl .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Worked in place

House with graffiti after Váchal graphics

Trivia

The city is mentioned in the song How Böhmen was still in Austria by Peter Alexander. It says: "How quite Leitomischl was with the Zauner in Ischl."

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ↑ INSPIRED BY JOSEF VÁCHAL: “BATH FOR THE SOUL” IN LITOMYŠL radio.cz, accessed on March 3, 2019

Web links

Commons : Litomyšl  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Leutomyssl in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts