Alois Jirásek

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Alois Jirásek, drawing by Jan Vilímek Signature of Alois Jirásek.gif
Alois Jirásek's birth house in Hronov
Jirásek's grave in Hronov

Alois Jirásek (born August 23, 1851 in Hronov , † March 12, 1930 in Prague ) was a Czech writer and historian .

Life

The baker's son Jirásek attended the German Benedictine grammar school of the Braunau monastery and, since 1867, the Czech grammar school in Königgrätz . He then studied history from 1871 at the Charles University in Prague . From 1874 he was a history teacher at the secondary school in Leitomischl and wrote the first novels on the side. In 1888 - as a well-respected writer - he took a position at the secondary school in Žitná ulice in Prague , which he held until 1909. As one of the first Czech writers he signed the manifesto for the establishment of an independent Czech state in 1917 and became a member of the provisional national assembly in 1918. After the end of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy and the proclamation of the Republic of Czechoslovakia in 1918, he read out an oath of the Czech people.

In his works, Jirásek mainly focused on historical topics. Thereby he contributed to the strengthening of the Czech historical awareness. His works deal mainly with topics from the history of the Czechs in the 15th century (religious wars of the Hussite period , Chodians ) and the national rebirth in the 19th century. Many of his books were illustrated by Adolf Kašpar . His first major work was the historical story Skaláci , his last work, the novel Husitský král , remained unfinished. His historical perspective is broad. It begins in legendary times with the Staré pověsti české ( Old Bohemian Legends ), through the time after the Battle of White Mountain , to the times of re-Catholicization in Bohemia.

Jirásek dedicated the popular novel U nás [With us] to his homeland Hronov and the surrounding area . The four volumes of this novel ( Úhor , Novina , Osetek , Zeměžluč ) take place between 1823 and 1852.

Honors

Jirásek was a member of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts . The house where he was born was set up as a museum. In Prague , the Vltava bridge Jiráskův most and a nearby park, in which a bronze sculpture was erected, got its name. In Olomouc Jirásek is honored with a relief and there is also a monument in the park of his hometown Hronov.

In 1921, Jirásek was a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature .

Works

Jirásek's monument in Hronov

prose

  • Skaláci, 1875
  • Filosofská historie, 1877 - about the life of the students in Litomysl and their uprising in Prague in 1847
  • Povídky z hor, 1878
  • Slavný den, 1879
  • Maloměstské historie, 1881
  • Na dvoře vévodském, 1881
  • Na staré poště, 1881
  • Konec a počátek, 1882
  • Obětovaný, 1883
  • Ráj světa, 1883
  • Psohlavci, 1883–1884 - 17th century novel. Chods, led by Jan Sladký Kozina, are fighting to restore their privileges. The uprising is put down and Jan Sladký is executed.
  • Sousedé, 1884
  • Poklad, 1885
  • Povídky, 1885-1889
  • Povídky a novely, 1885-1889
  • Johanka, 1886
  • Pandurek, 1886
  • Skály, 1886 - about the peasant uprising of 1777 against hereditary servitude and compulsory labor in the Náchod area
  • Maryla a jiné povídky, 1887
  • Na Ostrově, 1888
  • U nás - a four-part chronicle that takes place in the area near Hronov, his native town. The main character is the priest and patriot Josef Regner (in the novel Havlovický ).
  • Nevolnice, 1888
  • František Ladislav Věk: Obraz z dob našeho národního probuzení, 1888–1906 - a five-part novel about the national awakening František Vladislav Hek .
  • Druhý květ, 1890
  • Mezi proudy (Do tří hlasů, Dvojí dvůr, Syn ohnivcův), 1890–1888 - describes the beginning of the Hussite movement , the clashes of the nobility with the king and describes the personalities of Jan Hus , Jan Žižka , King Wenceslaus IV and the Prague Archbishop.
  • Drobné povídky a obrázky, 1891
  • Proti všem (Boží zástup, Kruciata, Skonání věků), 1893–1893 - the climax of the Hussite movement, the construction of the city of Tábor , Sigismund's campaign to Bohemia, and the battle of Vitusberg .
  • Staré pověsti české, 1894 - a collection of Bohemian legends from the forefather Čech , about the time of the princes, the Hussite period, to the battle of the White Mountain
  • Bratrstvo (Tři rapsodie, Bitva u Lučence, Mária, Žebráci), 1899–1909 - a three-part novel about the decline of the Hussite movement after the Battle of Lipan and the migration of the Hussites to Slovakia under the leadership of Johann Giskra
  • Balada z rokoka, 1905
  • Obnovit paměť minulých dnů, 1916
  • Husitský král (Výjevy z velkého dramatu), 1920–1930 - The main character of this story is the Bohemian King George of Podebrady
  • Temno - describes the period of oppression of the Czech people during the recatholicization after the Thirty Years War . The Roman Catholic Church and the Jesuits rule the spiritual life . Non-Catholics meet at secret meetings, read the Bible and other forbidden books, for which the Church persecutes them. During the First World War , this work was one of the most popular historical novels in Bohemia.

Plays

  • Vojnarka, 1890 - tragedy
  • Kolébka, 1891 - comedy from the time of Wenceslas IV.
  • Otec, 1894
  • Emigrant, 1898
  • Magdalena Dobromila Rettigová , 1901 - comedy. Dedicated to the bohemian patriot and cook.
  • Jan Žižka , 1903
  • Gero, 1904 - Tragedy, seeks reasons for the downfall of the Elbe Slavs
  • Lucerna, 1905
  • Samota, 1908
  • Pan Johanes, 1909
  • Jan Hus , 1911
  • Jan Roháč , 1914

In German translation

  • Chodian freedom fighters ( Psohlavci ), translated by Bohuš Lepař, Otto, Prague 1904
  • The lantern ( Lucerna ), translated by Spiridion Wukadinovi, Otto, Prague 1906
  • Against all the world ( Proti všem ), 2 volumes, translated by Joa Höcker, Otto, Prague 1911 ( digitized version ); translated by Josef Živný and Egon Jiřiček, Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1956. The dust jacket shows a painting by Jan Žižka by Mikoláš Aleš from 1908.
  • The dog heads ( Psohlavci ), Greifenverlag, Rudolstadt 1952
  • Bohemian old sagas ( Staré pověsti české ), Vitalis, Prague 2006, ISBN 978-3-89919-082-3

Film adaptations

  • 1954: The Dog's Heads ( Psohlavci ), appreciation of the history of the Chodians .
  • 1954: Jan Hus
  • 1956: Everyone wants to live ( Ztracenci )
  • 1984: The Treasure of Count Chamaré ( Poklad hrabete Chamaré ) - based on the novel The Treasure

literature

  • Alois Jirásek: Z mých pamětí ( From my memories ).
  • Jaroslava Janačková: Živé prameny - Vznik Jiráskovy nové kroniky U NÁS .
  • Zdeněk Nejedlý : Alois Jirásek a jeho Litomyšl , 1911.
  • Vers .: Čtyři studie o Aloisu Jiráskovi , 1949.
  • Heribert Sturm : Biographical Lexicon on the History of the Bohemian Lands . Published on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum , Volume II, Oldenbourg Verlag Munich 1984, with further references, ISBN 3-486-52551-4 , p. 50.

Web links

Commons : Alois Jirásek  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Franz Loquai (Ed.): In the light of the golden city . Goldmann, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-442-07751-6 .
  2. ^ Prague Nobel Prize Wishes . Vossische Zeitung , January 6, 1921, p. 2, middle column at the bottom.
personal data
SURNAME Jirásek, Alois
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Czech writer and historian
DATE OF BIRTH August 23, 1851
PLACE OF BIRTH Hronov
DATE OF DEATH March 12, 1930
Place of death Prague