Julius Mařák
Julius Eduard Mařák (born March 29, 1832 in Litomysl , † October 8, 1899 in Prague ) was a Bohemian landscape painter between Romanticism and Realism .
Life
Julius Mařák was the son of the book auditor and land registry of the town of Litomyšl Jan Mařák. He grew up in a bourgeois educated home, where he and his nine siblings enjoyed both academic and intellectual support. As a high school student he took painting lessons from the genre and portrait painter A. Dvořák, although he could not initially choose between a musical and a painting career. In 1852 he began to study painting in Max Haushofer's landscape class at the Prague Academy , which he left in autumn 1853 to continue his training in Munich with Leopold Rottmann and Eduard Schleich . At the beginning of 1855 his "years of wandering", as he called them, began. In the northern and southern mountain regions of Bohemia he found the impressions for his painting - the moods that shaped his artistic work.
He then spent a long time in Vienna , where he learned the graphic technique of etching from J. K. Schmidt . From 1860 he also gave drawing lessons and worked as an illustrator for various local magazines in Vienna. The influence of the Barbizon School was now unmistakable in his work, although he had never stayed in France and was always very close to Romanticism. The further stations of his life were a trip to the Balkans in 1869 and a stay in Tyrol from 1872 to 1875. There he gained decisive impressions.
In 1882 he was commissioned to work on the design of the National Theater in Prague . In 1887, now a famous painter, Julius Mařák was appointed to the Prague Academy at the suggestion of his sponsor Josef Hlávka to lead the landscape painting class. Here he had a major influence on Czech landscape painting up to the beginning of the 20th century. His students were u. a. Otakar Lebeda , František Kaván , Antonín Slavíček and Bohuslav Dvořák .
In 1893 he fell seriously ill. He could no longer fully fulfill the assignment for the Prague National Museum assigned to him in 1895, so that he had to rely on the help of his students. Nevertheless, he worked as an artist until his death at the age of 67. He was buried in the Vyšehrad Cemetery (Slavin Cemetery) in Prague .
His nephew Jan Mařák (1870–1932) was a violinist and teacher.
plant
Public orders:
- National Museum Prague
- National Theater Prague
- Franz-Josefs-Bahnhof Vienna (destroyed in World War II)
Pictures in museums or public buildings:
- National Museum Prague
- National Theater Prague
- St. Agnes Monastery (National Gallery)
- Kinski Palace Prague (National Gallery)
- Troja Castle Prague
- Litomyšl Municipal Picture Gallery
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Mařák, Julius Eduard . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 16th part. Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1867, p. 411 f. ( Digitized version ).
Web links
- Entry in Constantin von Wurzbach : Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich , Volume 16, p. 411 f., Vienna 1867
Individual evidence
- ^ Knerger.de: The grave of Julius Mařák
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Mařák, Julius |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Mařák, Julius Eduard (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Czech-Bohemian landscape painter between romanticism and realism |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 29, 1832 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Leitomischl |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 8, 1899 |
| Place of death | Prague |