Králíky
| Králíky | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Pardubický kraj | ||||
| District : | Ústí nad Orlicí | ||||
| Area : | 5278 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 5 ' N , 16 ° 46' E | ||||
| Height: | 550 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 4,196 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 561 69 | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Railway connection: | Dolní Lipka – Štíty | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 11 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Jana Ponocná (as of 2006) | ||||
| Address: | Velké náměstí 5 561 69 Králíky |
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| Municipality number: | 580481 | ||||
| Website : | www.kraliky.cz | ||||
Králíky (German Grulich ) is a town in Okres Ústí nad Orlicí in the Pardubický kraj region in the Czech Republic . The place is known for the " Mother of God Mountain " ( Hora Matky Boží ), on which there is a monastery complex with a pilgrimage church.
Geography and traffic
Králíky lies between the Glatzer snow mountains and the Hannsdorfer Bergland ( Hanušovická vrchovina ). Neighboring towns (and now some districts) are Horní Lipka ( Oberlipka ) in the north, Červený Potok ( Rothfloß ) and Malá Morava in the northeast, Dolní Hedeč ( Niederheidisch ) and Hanušovice in the east, Moravský Karlov ( Moravian Karlsdorf ) in the southeast, Červená Voda and Těchonín ( Linsdorf ) in the southwest, Lichkov and Mladkov in the west and Dolní Lipka ( Niederlipka ) and across the border Boboszów in the northwest.
To the northwest of Králiký lies the Grulicher Pass at 534 m nm , which is also known as the Mittelwalder Pass (Czech Králický průsmyk , Polish Przełęcz Międzyleska ). The Czech-Polish border runs over this. The pass is also an important road and railroad crossing on the route from Olomouc via Glatz to Wroclaw .
history
The Grulich area was on an old trade route that led from Olomouc through the Glatzer Land near Wartha to Silesia and Wroclaw , which is part of Bohemia . It was probably colonized by German settlers at the end of the 13th century. The place arose in the depression between the Adler and Glatzer snow mountains , where miners settled because of the ore deposits discovered . Silver was probably also mined.
"Greylich" was first mentioned in a document in 1357, when the Bohemian King Charles IV had the transfer of Žampach Castle to Vinzenz ( Čeněk ) von Pottenstein together with the Greylich Mountains ("montana de Greylichs") recorded in the land table . The actual town probably only developed in the first half of the 16th century. In any case, it is first documented for the year 1568. On October 23, 1577, Johann Burjan von Pottenstein sold Grulich together with ten surrounding villages to Zdeněk von Waldstein . Thereby it was detached from the rule of Žampach . Zdeněk, who was married to Lidmila von Patzau († 1566) and his second marriage to Anna von Redern († 1588), chose Grulich, which became the center of the rule of the same name, as his seat. He granted the town various privileges and had the market square with a castle and a Lutheran prayer house built. At his request, the Roman-German and Bohemian King Rudolf II approved Grulich's holding of three annual fairs with a Czech draft. After Zdeněk's death in 1581, Grulich ( Krülich ) passed to his only daughter Eva, who was her first marriage to the rector of the University of Wittenberg , Bohuslav Joachim von Lobkowitz ( Bohuslav Jáchym Hasištejnský z Lobkowic , † 1605), and her second marriage from 1607 to the count Georg Friedrich von Hohenlohe-Weikersheim († 1647) was married. He became a Bohemian nobleman through his marriage and was on the side of the rebels during the Bohemian uprising in 1618. As their general he fought in the Battle of the White Mountain in 1620. Eva von Waldstein and Hohenlohe sold Grulich in 1628 to Field Marshal Gottfried Heinrich zu Pappenheim . After his death in 1632 it fell to his son Wolfgang, who died in 1647 without any descendants. Via his heirs, Grulich came to the Chief Justice of Moravia, Michael Ferdinand von Althann († 1658), in whose family it remained until the patrimonial rule was abolished.
Grulich gained importance when the Königgrätzer Bishop Tobias Johannes Becker , who came from there, built a monastery with a pilgrimage church in 1696–1710 with the support of the landlord Althann above Grulich near miraculous healing springs. The monastery and the pilgrimage church were given to the Servites , who developed Grulich into a religious center. The mountain on which the monastery was built was named "Mother of God Mountain".
Since the Counts Althann resided at their castle in Mittelwalde , the Grulich Castle, which burned down in 1708, was not rebuilt. During the Silesian Wars , Grulich suffered several military raids and looting. When, after the Peace of Hubertusburg in 1763, the neighboring county of Glatz , which until then belonged directly to Bohemia, fell to Prussia , Grulich got into a border situation. However, the population in Grulich subsequently increased, as numerous people left the southern Glatzer country and settled in Grulich. 1768–1778, the former Lutheran prayer house was converted into the Catholic parish church of St. Michael by patron saint Michael Otto von Althann († 1797) . A fire in 1846 damaged the monastery complex and the monastery church on the Muttergottesberg.
After the abolition of patrimonial Grulich received a district court in 1848. In 1873 the technical school for woodworking was opened and in 1883 the monastery on the Mother of God Hill was given to the Redemptorists and Franciscans . House weaving was of economic importance from the 18th century. In the 19th century the textile industry as well as the carving and nativity scene developed. The nativity scene figure carving took place in semi-industrial family businesses, whereby the men carved the "Grulicher Mannln" from boiled spruce and the women and children painted the figures with glue paint. The cribs were sold to America by the Kohn and Kober companies. Due to the pilgrimage, the trade in devotional objects and the building of organs at Grulich also acquired economic importance . On December 30, 1899, Grulich received a station on the newly opened local railway Mährisch Schildberg – Grulich .
After the establishment of Czechoslovakia , the city and the surrounding area belonged to the Sudetenland province from October 28, 1918 to September 1919 , which sought to join the newly founded Republic of German Austria . Czech troops occupied the city in December 1918. In 1923 Grulich received the official place name Králíky . Since the Czechoslovak army feared a German attack in the Grulich valley basin, several bunker lines of the Czechoslovak Wall were built between 1934 and 1938 in the vicinity of Grulich . After the Munich Agreement in 1938, Grulich became part of the German Reich and until 1945 was the seat of the German district of Grulich in the Reichsgau Sudetenland , administrative district of Troppau . With the beginning of the Second World War , the nativity scene ended. Although aircraft parts were manufactured in Grulich, there was no significant destruction during the war. In November 1944, a satellite camp of the Groß-Rosen concentration camp was set up in Grulich , which was only liberated at the end of the war.
In 1945/46 the predominantly German-Bohemian population of Grulich was expropriated and expelled due to the Beneš decrees .
Czech new settlers took over apartments, shops and businesses. From 1950 to 1960 the monastery complex served as an internment camp for nuns and priests. In 1970 the monastery was renovated. After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, the monastery was restored and pilgrimages were resumed. In 1990 the historical center of Králíky was placed under a preservation order.
Demographics
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1834 | 2388 | in 374 houses, German residents |
| 1857 | 2517 | |
| 1890 | 2940 | |
| 1900 | 3629 | German residents |
| 1910 | 3818 | 3606 Germans (94%) and 212 (6%) Czechs |
| 1921 | 3307 | thereof 2,878 (87%) Germans |
| 1930 | 3675 | thereof 515 (14%) Czechs |
| 1939 | 3306 |
| year | 1947 | 1950 | 1980 |
| Residents | 2493 | 2740 | 4633 |
Attractions
- Monastery complex with pilgrimage church on the Muttergottesberg
- Parish Church of St. Michael
- City museum with nativity scene exhibition
City structure
The localities belong to the city of Králíky
- Červený Potok ( red raft )
- Dolní Boříkovice ( Lower Ullersdorf )
- Dolní Hedeč ( Niederheidisch )
- Dolní Lipka ( Niederlipka )
- Heřmanice ( Herrnsdorf )
- Horní Boříkovice ( Oberullersdorf )
- Horni Hedeč ( Oberheidisch )
- Horní Lipka ( Upper Lipka )
- Kopeček ( Mother of God Hill ) and
- Prostřední Lipka ( Central Lipka )
Twin cities
- Międzylesie , Poland
- Villmar , Germany
Personalities
Sons of the city
- Tobias Johannes Becker (1649–1710), Bishop of Königgrätz
- Otto Hatwig (1766–1834), musician
- Joseph Leonhard Knoll (1775–1841), Rector of the University of Prague
- Johann Meixner (1819–1872), sculptor
- Eduard Lemberg (1832–1916), son of an industrialist, forester with the Counts of Thun-Hohenstein and Schönborn-Buchheim, Vice President of the Lower Austrian Forest Association.
- August Neutzler (1867–1950), Austrian politician
- Hans Neuburg (1904–1983), Swiss typesetter and typographer
- Rudolf Aschenbrenner (1907–1994), engineer and managing director of Starkstrom-Gerätebau GmbH.
- Josef Schwarzer senior. (1907–1985), Grulich crib carver
- Hans Huschka (1930–1997), sculptor
- Josef Schwarzer junior. (1931–2005), Grulich crib carver
- Wilfried Schmied (* 1943), CDU politician
Honorary citizen
- Konrad Henlein , awarded on May 9, 1939
- Franz Jentschke, awarded on May 11, 2004
literature
- Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , p. 180 f.
- Max Pachel: A little local history of the judicial district of Grulich. Self-published, Ober-Erlitz (Grulich) 1919.
- Jan Šícha, Eva Habel, Peter Liebald, Gudrun Heissig: Odsun. The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans. Documentation on the causes, planning and realization of an "ethnic cleansing" in the middle of Europe in 1945/46. Sudeten German Archive, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-930626-08-X .
Web links
- History of the city
- kraliky-klaster.cz History Mother of God Hill (Czech) down
- The Mother of God Mountain near Grulich - A contribution by the church historian Rudolf Grulich
Individual evidence
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ Genealogy Waldstein
- ↑ Lobkowitz genealogy
- ^ Bossert: Hohenlohe, Georg Friedrich von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, pp. 686-690.
- ^ Rudolf M. Wlaschek: Jews in Böhmen . Munich: Oldenbourg, 1990, p. 152
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 4: Königgrätzer Kreis , Prague 1836, p. 286 .
- ↑ Tables for the statistics of the Austrian monarchy . New series, Volume III, Vienna 1861, p. 151.
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 5, Leipzig and Vienna 1906, p. 440 .
- ^ Genealogy Sudetenland
- ^ Rudolf Hemmerle : Sudetenland Lexicon. Volume 4. Adam Kraft Verlag, 1985, ISBN 3-8083-1163-0 , p. 175.
- ↑ a b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Grulich district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ mapy.cz
- ↑ Konrad Henlein remains an honorary citizen of the city of Kraliky radio.cz, November 9, 2007
- ^ CV Franz Jentschke