Lanškroun
| Lanškroun | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Pardubický kraj | ||||
| District : | Ústí nad Orlicí | ||||
| Area : | 2065 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 55 ' N , 16 ° 37' E | ||||
| Height: | 373 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 9,991 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 563 01 | ||||
| License plate : | E. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Railway connection: | Rudoltice v Čechách – Lanškroun | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 4th | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Radim Vetchý (as of 2019) | ||||
| Address: | Nám. JM Marků 12 563 16 Lanškroun |
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| Municipality number: | 580511 | ||||
| Website : | www.lanskroun.eu | ||||
Lanškroun (German: Landskron ) is a town at the foot of the Eagle Mountains in the Czech Republic . It belongs to the Okres Ústí nad Orlicí .
Geographical location
The city is located in eastern Bohemia in the immediate vicinity of the former border with Moravia .
history
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Landskron was first mentioned in 1241. It was probably founded by the locator Ulrich von Dürnholz on the edge of the Schönhengstgau . In 1290 the place was confiscated by the royal chamber and in 1292 transferred to the Cistercian monastery Königsaal by the Bohemian King Wenceslaus II . In 1304 it was considered a center of the Landskron district (districtus Landeschronensis) . In 1322 it was referred to as a market town and in 1356 as an oppidum . After it passed into the possession of the diocese of Leitomischl in 1358 , it became the seat of an archdeaconate . Bishop Peter Jelito founded a monastery of the Augustinian Canons in Landskron in 1371 . In 1393, a new Augustinian convent was built next to the St. Wenceslas deanery church, which was looted in the Hussite Wars in 1421.
After the fall of the Leitomischl diocese, Landskron passed into secular possession. After 1430 under the city lords Kostka von Postupitz , it became a center for the Waldensians and the Bohemian Brothers , who had to leave Landskron in 1547 and also close the Brothers School. In the second half of the 16th century, both the brothers and the brother school can be traced again. In addition, after 1550, Lutheranism spread .
In the 16th century Landskron was owned by the von Pernstein and von Boskowitz families . From 1588 it belonged to Adam Felix Hrzan von Harras . In 1601 he had the remains of the former Augustinian convent converted into a castle. After the Battle of the White Mountains , the Landskron rulership, which also included the cities of Wildenschwert and Böhmisch Trübau as well as 39 villages, passed to the noble family von Liechtenstein , who implemented the Counter Reformation within a few years . The Bohemian brothers then emigrated to Saxony. During the Thirty Years War , Landskron was devastated several times by both Swedish and Imperial troops.
At the beginning of the 18th century, Johann Adam Andreas von Liechtenstein promoted the development of the city through brisk construction activity. In 1791 Landskron was elevated to the status of a municipal town. An economic breakthrough came at the beginning of the 19th century with the establishment of the Erxleben linen and calico factory, which employed several hundred workers and house weavers. During this time the town houses were built on the market square. Nevertheless, the development stagnated, since Landskron only received a railway connection from 1884–1885.
After the Munich agreement the city made in 1939, the center and the administrative center of the district Landskron , Region of Opava , in the Reich District of Sudetenland . After the end of the Second World War, the Landskron Blood Court took place from May 17 to 21, 1945 , during which numerous residents of the city and the surrounding area were violently killed. Subsequently, as in the entire former Reichsgau Sudetenland, the majority of the German-Bohemian population was expropriated and expelled due to the President's Decree No. 33 of August 2, 1945 .
After 1945 the city lost the district authorities. The population grew again only after 1968.
Demographics
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 6.112 | German residents |
| 1910 | 6,828 | |
| 1930 | 6,497 | 1,093 Czechs |
| 1939 | 6.210 |
| year | 1947 | 1970 | 1980 | 1991 | 2001 | 2003 | 2006 |
| Residents | 4,952 | 8,702 | 9,593 | 9,873 | 9,990 | 9,847 | 9,911 |
City structure
Lanškroun consists of four districts:
- Lanškroun-Vnitřní Město ( Landskron Inner City )
- Ostrovské Předměstí ( Ostrava suburb )
- Žichlínské Předměstí ( Sichelsdorf suburb )
- Dolní Třešňovec ( Lower Johnsdorf )
In the German-language historical literature, in registers and on older maps, only three city districts are often delimited from one another ( inner city , Michelsdorfer Vorstadt and Sichelsdorfer Vorstadt ).
Basic development units are Cihelna, Dolni Třešňovec, Dvorské lány, Kouty, Lanškroun-sever, Lukovské lány, Na Příčnici, Ostrovské Předměstí, Rybníky, Severní Předměstí I, Severní Předměstí II, Svitavské Předměstí, Třešňovecká, Třešňovské Předměstí, Zadní hony and Žichlínské Předměstí.
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Dolní Třešňovec and Lanškroun.
Attractions
- Town houses on the market square
- St. Anna cemetery church (1700–1705)
- Deanery Church of St. Wenceslas from the 14th century (burned out in 1645, later rebuilt in Baroque style)
- Maria Magdalena Church (1828)
Mayor 1789 to 1945
- until 1789: Augustin Poppler
- 1791–1822: Josef Ohnsorg (first freely elected mayor)
- 1823–1845: Franz Riess
- 1845–1850: Eduard Erxleben
- 1850–1861: Eligius Deml
- 1861–1891: Josef Niederle
- 1891–1907: Berthold Schmeiser
- 1907–1919: Franz Neugebauer
- 1919–1932: Leo Winter
- 1932–1938: Rudolf Zoffl
- 1938–1942: Dr. Franz Nagl († June 1, 1945, Theresienstadt concentration camp)
- 1942–1945: Karl Franz (drafted into the Wehrmacht in 1945)
- 1945–: Eduard Hiesl (until deposition by Czech troops on May 9, 1945)
sons and daughters of the town
- Johannes Marcus Marci (1595–1667), doctor, philosopher and natural scientist
- Josef Langer (1650–1711), piarist, mathematician and astronomer
- Friedrich Gustav Piffl (1864–1932), Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Vienna
- Otto Piffl (1866–1926), oto-rhino-laryngologist
- Herwig Schopper (* 1924), physicist
- Robert Dušek (* 1967), politician
- Roman Šebrle (* 1974), athlete (athletics: decathlon)
- Jan Smejkal (* 1946), chess grandmaster
- Filip Ditzel (* 1985), track cyclist
Honorary citizen
literature
- Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , pp. 317-318.
- Franz JC Gauglitz: home district Landskron. Home book for the city and district of Landskron. Compiled and edited. Zluhan, Bietigheim 1978.
- Franz JC Gauglitz: Landskroner hardship and death. F. Gauglitz, Wiesentheid 1997.
Web links
- official website
- Lanskrounsko region
- Multilingual website about Lanškroun
- old city maps of Landskron
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/580511/Lanskroun
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 12, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 127.
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. sud_landskron.html # ew39lndslandskrn. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/580511/Obec-Lanskroun
- ^ Franz JC Gauglitz: home district Landskron. Home book for the city and district of Landskron. Compiled and edited. Zluhan, Bietigheim 1978. p. 187
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/580511/Obec-Lanskroun
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/580511/Obec-Lanskroun
- ^ Hamburger Abendblatt : Adolf Hitler remains an honorary citizen April 4, 2007