Miroslav Tyrš
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Miroslav Tyrš , actually Friedrich Tirsch (born September 17, 1832 in Tetschen , Bohemia ; † August 8, 1884 near Oetz , Tyrol ), was a Bohemian art critic, art historian and co-founder of the Czech gymnastics movement Sokol .
Life
Tirsch was the son of a German doctor. As a child he lost both parents and was raised by German relatives in Mladá Boleslav . Since he had mostly Czech playmates in his childhood, he mastered both German and Czech. After attending the German grammar school in Prague and the philosophical faculty of Charles University , where he studied natural sciences, philosophy and aesthetics, he received his doctorate in philosophy in 1860. Tirsch was influenced by the ideas of the Czech intellectual circles in his studies. Due to his health problems, Tirsch attended the private gymnasium Malypetrs in Prague while he was still a student. a. Cultivated contacts with personalities of the Czech public life, who endeavored to awaken the Czech national consciousness. After completing his studies, he was initially a private teacher and gymnastics teacher at the Malypetrs gymnasium. Since his aspired academic career failed, Friedrich Tirsch concentrated his energy in other fields of activity. Around this period Tirsch began to use the name "Miroslav Tyrš".
Tyrš was involved in the Czech national movement , which experienced a great boom from the 1860s. He confessed to the liberal-democratic current of the old Czechs . Together with his friend Jindřich Fügner (Heinrich Fügner), the father of his future wife, he founded the Czech national gymnastics movement Sokol in 1862. In his work Basics of Physical Exercise (Základový tělocvik) he created, based on the German model, the Czech technical vocabulary for gymnastics and formulated the principles of Sokol. In his ideas he combined physical education with the ancient ideal of Kalokagathy and the struggle for the progress and freedom of the Czech people.
In 1871 the first issue of the Sokol magazine appeared , which was edited by Tyrš. He organized public appearances for gymnasts (slety) and organized excursions with the aim of raising national awareness among Czechs. The Sokol had a bourgeois character from the start. Although the organization was open to all classes (only Czechs), counter-organizations such as the Czech Workers' Gymnastics Association ( Dělnická Tělovýchovná Jednota ) or a Catholic gymnastics organization Orel quickly formed . In 1869 he was elected for the Young Czechs in the Bohemian Landtag and in 1873 in the Imperial Council .
In addition to his political activities, his work in the field of aesthetics and the visual arts should be emphasized. He was an advisor to young artists and a great friend of the visual arts in general. As a literary critic, he promoted Czech literature and brought it closer to potential readers.
In 1881 he was appointed lecturer at the Czech Technical University in Prague and a year later associate professor at Prague University , on condition that he gave up his work at the Sokol . He worked on an extensive work on The History of Fine Arts (Dějiny výtvarných umění), which was never published.
His artistic and political activities removed him more and more from the Sokol . Only in the seventies did he devote himself more to the gymnastics club. In 1882 he initiated the first meeting of all gymnastics teams (slet). The self-sacrificing work weakened Tyrš, who, seriously ill, went to the Austrian village of Oetz in the Tyrolean Alps to relax in 1884 . He never returned from a walk on August 8th. His body was found a few days later in a mountain river.
Honors
The successor to the Kaiserin-Elisabeth-Brücke in his native city, built in 1933, was named after him.
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Tyrš, Miroslav . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 48th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1883, pp. 185–187 ( digitized version ).
- Renáta Tyršová: Miroslav Tyrš, jeho osobnost a dílo, I, II. Prague 1932
Web links
- Literature and other media by and about Miroslav Tyrš in the catalog of the National Library of the Czech Republic
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Tyrš, Miroslav |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Tyrs, Miroslav |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Czech art critic and art historian |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 17, 1832 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Děčín |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 8, 1884 |
| Place of death | Oetz |