Haplochromini
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| Poll , 1986 |
The Haplochromini ( Syn .: Haplochrominae Hoedeman, 1947 Pseudocrenilabrini Fowler, 1935 ) are a tribe of the cichlids (Cichlidae). Almost all genera come from Africa, with a focus on East Africa. Astatotilapia flaviijosephi lives in the Middle East in the Jordan and its tributaries. The Haplochromine in Malawi and the Furu in Victoria have a variety of endemic species formed and set in these lakes a lot of the fish fauna.
features
All Haplochromini are mouth brooders and the females take care of the brood. The sides of the body are covered with comb scales and the basioccipital and parasphenoid form the apophysis for the upper pharyngealia . The teeth of the outer row of teeth are usually two-pointed and those of the inner rows are usually three-pointed.
Genera and species
Diplotaxodon sp.
Lethrinops lethrinus
Placidochromis phenochilus
- Ctenochromis pectoralis
- " Serranochromini "
- Chetia
- Ctenochromis polli and Ctenochromis oligacanthus
- Cyclopharynx
- Haplochromis humilis , H. placodus , H. smithii and H. snoeksi
- Orthochromis polyacanthus and Orthochromis stormsi
- Orthochromis torrenticola
- Pharyngochromis
- Sargochromis
- Schwetzochromis
- Serranochromis
- Thoracochromis ( T. albolabris, T. bakongo, T. brauschi, T. buysi, T. callichromus, T. demeusii, T. fasciatus and T. stigmatogenys )
- Astatoreochromis
- Lufubuchromis
- Orthochromis machadoi
- Palaeoplex
- Pseudocrenilabrus
- Thoracochromis moeruensis
- modern Haplochromini
- Astatotilapia bloyeti
- Astatotilapia burtoni
- Astatotilapia desfontainii
- Astatotilapia flaviijosephi
- Haplochromis gracilior
- Haplochromis paludinosus
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Lake Victoria region superflock
- Haplochromis , the genera Allochromis , Gaurochromis , Lithochromis , Macropleurodus , Mbipia , Paralabidochromis , Pundamilia , Pyxichromis and Xystichromis are now mostly regarded as synonyms for Haplochromis .
- Thoracochromis wingatii
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Lake Malawi radiation
- Astatotilapia tweddlei
- Astatotilapia calliptera
- Astatotilapia swynnertoni
- Abactochromis
- Alticorpus
- Aristochromis
- Aulonocara
- Buccochromis
- Caprichromis
- Champsochromis
- Cheilochromis
- Chilotilapia
- Chindongo
- Copadichromis
- Corematodus
- Ctenopharynx
- Cyathochromis
- Cynotilapia
- Cyrtocara
- Dimidiochromis
- Diplotaxodon
- Docimodus
- Eclectochromis
- Exochromis
- Fossorochromis
- Genyochromis
- Gephyrochromis
- Hemitaeniochromis
- Hemitilapia
- Iodotropheus
- Labeotropheus
- Labidochromis
- Lethrinops
- Lichnochromis
- Maylandia
- Mchenga
- Melanochromis
- Mylochromis
- Nevochromis
- Nimbochromis
- Nyassachromis
- Otopharynx
- Pallidochromis
- Petrotilapia
- Placidochromis
- Protomelas
- Pseudotropheus
- Rhamphochromis
- Sciaenochromis
- Stigmatochromis
- Taeniochromis
- Taeniolethrinops
- Tramitichromis
- Trematocranus
- Tropheops
- Tyrannochromis
Phylogeny
The following cladograms according to Matschiner et al. (2017) and Meier et al. (2017) show the possible relationship and evolution of the Haplochromini. The area of origin is perhaps the area around Lake Tanganyika, from where they spread over the rivers into the Congo and southern Africa, over the Malagarasi to the east and into Lake Victoria and Lake Malawi . Rapid adaptive radiation then took place again in the two lakes (bold in the cladogram), which resulted in several hundred species.
Cladogram according to Matschiner et al. (2017)
| Haplochromini i. w. S. |
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Cladogram according to Meier et al. (2017)
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The cladograms also show that the Haplochromini are paraphyletic in relation to the Tropheini from Lake Tanganyika, which are within the Haplochromini.
literature
- Martin J. Genner, Ole Seehausen, David H. Lunt, Domino A. Joyce, Paul W. Shaw, Gary R. Carvalho, George F. Turner: Age of Cichlids: New Dates for Ancient Lake Fish Radiations. In: Mol Biol Evol. 24, No. 5, 2007, pp. 1269-1282, doi: 10.1093 / molbev / msm050 .
- W. Salzburger, T. Mack, E. Verheyen, A. Meyer: Out of Tanganyika: Genesis, explosive speciation, key innovations and phylogeography of the haplochromine cichlid fishes. In: BMC Evolutionary Biology. 5, No. 1, 2005, p. 17, doi: 10.1186 / 1471-2148-5-17 , PMID 15723698 ( biomedcentral.com PDF).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Astatotilapia flaviijosephi on Fishbase.org (English)
- ↑ Frederic DB Schedel, Viviane MS Kupriyanov, Cyprian Katongo & Ulrich Kurt Schliewen (2020): Palaeoplex gen. Nov. and Lufubuchromis gen. nov., two new monotypic cichlid genera (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from northern Zambia. Zootaxa, 4718 (2): 191-229. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.4718.2.3
- ↑ a b Remco Bouckaert, Mike Steel, Walter Salzburger, Zuzana Starostová, Julia MI Barth, Zuzana Musilová, Michael Matschiner: Bayesian Phylogenetic Estimation of Clade Ages Supports Trans-Atlantic Dispersal of Cichlid Fishes . In: Systematic Biology . tape 66 , no. 1 , January 2017, ISSN 1063-5157 , p. 3-22 , pp. 176-177 in the supplement , doi : 10.1093 / sysbio / syw076 .
- ^ A b Ole Seehausen, Laurent Excoffier, Catherine E. Wagner, Salome Mwaiko, David A. Marques, Joana I. Meier: Ancient hybridization fuels rapid cichlid fish adaptive radiations . In: Nature Communications . tape 8 , 2017, ISSN 2041-1723 , p. 14363 , doi : 10.1038 / ncomms14363 , PMID 28186104 .
Web links
- Haplochromini ( Memento from June 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive )