Zákupy Castle

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Reichstadt Palace, entrance building

Zákupy Castle (German Reichstadt Castle ) is located in the small town of Zákupy in North Bohemia in the Okres Česká Lípa in the Czech Republic .

history

Reichstadt Palace, main building
Reichstadt Castle from the south
Castle Park

In Zákupy there was a fortress of the knights Panczer von Smojn (Pancirove ze Smojna) and the lords of Zákupský von Wartenberg . Later, the gentlemen Berka von Dubá acquired the fortress from the Kurziwody -Mühlstein line and in 1532 united the lordships of Mühlstein and Zákupy. Around 1559 they had the Reichstadt Castle built on the walls of the fortress in Renaissance style. About 20 years later the castle burned down. In 1612 Johann von Kolowrat -Nowohradsky acquired the rule of Reichstadt with the desert castle. His widow Anna Magdalena married Julius Heinrich von Sachsen-Lauenburg in 1632 . In 1634 the castle was destroyed by Evangelical-Swedish troops in the Thirty Years' War . 1670–1683, Duke Julius Franz von Sachsen-Lauenburg had the building renewed in the Baroque style by the Saxon architect and sculptor Jeremias Süssner and Giovanni Domenico Orsi and Giulio Broggio , with four two-storey wings around a spacious courtyard, a palace chapel in the Baroque style The main front shows an early baroque portal with the coat of arms of the Berka von Duba. After the death of Duke Julius Franz in 1689, his daughters, Franziska Sibylla Augusta von Sachsen-Lauenburg and Anna Maria Franziska von Sachsen-Lauenburg lived at Reichstadt Palace with their aunt, a princess of Lobkowitz .

Through marriage and inheritance, Reichstadt Castle passed to various owners, including the Counts of Pfalz-Neuburg from the Wittelsbach family ( Ferdinand Maria ). In 1805 the rule fell to the Wittelsbach Maximilian Joseph III. von Pfalz-Zweibrücken , who in 1806 had to cede his possessions in Bohemia to Archduke Ferdinand of Salzburg with the acceptance of the Bavarian royal dignity . In 1815, through a family contract of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, the Bohemian lordships of Reichstadt, Politz , Ploschkowitz , Tachlowitz , Buschtiehrad , Swollinowes , Kronporitschen and Katzow , to which the Grand Duke of Tuscany was entitled , were united under the title Duchy of Reichstadt . Emperor Franz I of Austria signed this over to his grandson Napoleon Franz Bonaparte in 1818 , who then took on the title of Duke of Reichstadt . He was the only son of Napoléon Bonaparte and died in 1832 without ever having visited the castle. With his death, the duchy of Reichstadt fell back to the Austrian imperial family and was again abolished.

Via Duke Ferdinand d'Este , the castle came to the Tuscan branch line of the House of Habsburg and in 1847 to the Habsburg main line. In 1848 it became one of the residences of the abdicated Austrian Emperor Ferdinand V , who had the interior of the castle lavishly decorated by the architect J. Bělský, the painters Josef Navrátil and Wilhelm Kandler , the sculptor Václav Levý and the plasterer J. Effenberger.

On July 8, 1876, the Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph I and the Russian Tsar Alexander II met at Reichstadt Palace and negotiated about Austrian neutrality in the upcoming Russo-Ottoman war .

The Austrian heir to the throne Archduke Franz Ferdinand d´Este and Countess Sophie Chotek von Chotkowa , who later became Duchess von Hohenberg, married in the palace chapel on July 1, 1900 .

During the First World War , Reichstadt Palace housed a military hospital, was expropriated from the then owners by a land reform of Czechoslovakia after the end of the war in 1918 , was accessible as a museum in 1951, renovated in 1977 and has been a cultural center with a Baroque-style park since 1995 .

literature

  • Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , pp. 516-517.
  • Franz Weller: The imperial castles and palaces in words and pictures. Hof-Buchdruckerei, Vienna 1880. ( Online )
  • Hans-Ulrich Engel: Castles and palaces in Bohemia. According to old templates. Wolfgang Weidlich, Frankfurt am Main 2nd edition 1978, ISBN 3-8035-8013-7 . Pp. 91–93, illustration p. 215.
  • Oskar Wiener : German Bohemia in the picture: the area around Reichenberg ( Liberec ). Volume 7, Haase, Prague 1910.
  • Lillian Schacherl: Bohemia - cultural image of a landscape. Prestel, Munich 1966. pp. 217-219.

Web links

Commons : Zákupy Castle  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer , Franz Xaver Maximilian Zippe: The Kingdom of Böhmen , Volume 2: Bunzlauer Kreis , Prague 1834, p. 254.

Coordinates: 50 ° 41 ′ 14.4 "  N , 14 ° 38 ′ 38.1"  E