Wilhelm Kandler

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Interior of the Old New Synagogue in Prague (1838)
Emperor Maximilian I in Albrecht Dürer's studio in Nuremberg (1841)
View of Schreckenstein Castle , steel engraving after a drawing by Kandler (around 1850)

Wilhelm Kandler (Czech Vilém Kandler ; born February 28, 1816 in Kratzau , † May 18, 1896 in Prague ) was a Bohemian painter and author .

Life

Kandler was a son of the gold dressmaker and painter Michael Kandler. His talent for drawing was already evident in childhood. Since the father in the small town of Kratzau did not manage to get enough jobs to support his large family, he planned to emigrate to Poland. After a trip to Warsaw , where he was supported in his project by Grand Duke Konstantin Pawlowitsch Romanov in 1823 and had received an advance of 700 rubles to set up his business in Kalish , his father returned seriously ill, so that emigration became obsolete. In 1824 the family moved to Chomutov . In 1827 another move to Saaz took place , where the father got a job as a drawing teacher at the new city school. After Michael Kandler had realized that he could only contribute little to the further artistic training of his son, in 1830 he introduced Wilhelm to the painter Joseph von Führich , known to him from Kratzau , who advocated Wilhelm's admission to the Prague Art Academy . In the same year the Kandler family moved from Saaz to Prague . In 1834 his father's health had deteriorated so much that he was barely able to do any work. As a result, Wilhelm Kandler had to break off his training at the art academy. In order to provide the family with a livelihood, Michael Kandler sought employment for his son as a draftsman in a calico factory. During this time, Father Franz Hocke, who had heard of the family's plight and Wilhelm Kandler's talent, ordered a picture from him for the church in Kozel . The successful completion of the order brought Wilhelm Kandler orders from art dealers for landscape pictures , and the book printer Gottlieb Haase also ordered drawings for religious pictures from him for his Panorama of the Universe . Also on behalf of Haase, Kandler drew a panorama of Prague, which was then engraved by Jacob Hyrtl. Together with Karl Würbs , Wilhelm Kandler created further views of Prague as well as commemorative sheets for the coronation ceremony of Ferdinand I and Maria Anna . The related income enabled Wilhelm Kandler to continue his studies at the art academy. Kandler received several awards for his compositions and model studies. After the death of his father, Wilhelm Kandler became the breadwinner of his large family on March 1, 1837.

On the initiative of Eduard Gurk , Kandler was commissioned by the Society of Patriotic Art Friends together with Anton Lhota to copy the tempera images of the legends of the patrons Wenzel and Ludmilla in the stairwell of the great tower of Karlstein Castle from the Carolinian period . Under Gurk's direction, Kandler and Lhota also restored and completed the mosaic pictures in St. Vitus Cathedral . With the construction of the Way of the Cross on Laurenziberg after designs by Führich and the painting of the station chapels by Munich painters , the fresco painting in Prague, which had been forgotten since the Josephine reforms , was revived. Wilhelm Kandler was then selected for training as a fresco painter with Johann Baptist Müller and Josef Holzmaier and, after completing them, was commissioned to paint the St. Raphael Chapel of the care and employment institution for adult blind people founded by Alois Klar . After completing two years of work, Kandler applied to head the Klarschen Künstlerstiftung, which was transferred to Emanuel Max . At the beginning of the 1840s, Kandler was finally appointed as the second successor to Max as director of the artist foundation. In August 1843 Kandler went on a trip to Rome , where he met Caspar Scheuren in Venice . On his further journey through Padua , Bologna and Florence , he met the painters Heinrich Stohl and Amilcare Daverio as well as the architects Franz Krüger and Friedrich Eugen Schuback. Friedrich August Stache and the pensioner Karl Mayer made it possible for Kandler to study in Rome, while the ambassador Rudolph Graf von Lützow granted him free study and lodging in the embassy hotel. In Rome, Kandler made contacts with Friedrich Overbeck , Wilhelm Achtermann , Gebhard Flatz , August Ahlborn and Johann Martin von Wagner . Through the engraver Joseph von Keller, Kandler made contact with Emil Braun , who later gave him numerous commissions. To design an engraving for Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel , Kandler traveled to Naples and visited the Bourbon Gallery, where he used Marcello Venusti's portrait as a starting point. Kandler experienced the times of turmoil in Rome after 1848, the desecration of the Austrian embassy hotel, the murder of Pellegrino Rossi , the escape and return of Pope Pius IX. , the siege and conquest of Rome by the French, the erection of the Austrian coat of arms on March 21, 1850, which, like that of Pope Pius IX, was painted by Kandler. Kandler described these events in excerpts in a diary published in Libussa in 1859 and 1860. After seven successful years of study in Rome, Kandler returned to Austria-Hungary in 1850 and was able to present his paintings in June 1850 in the small Redoutensaal of the imperial Hofburg . He spent a few months in Vienna, after which he went to Prague, where he presented his works in the Waldstein Palace in a benefit exhibition for the benefit of the Karlsbad Military Hospital .

Despite the general recognition of his pictures, his order book in Prague remained poor, so Kandler planned his return to Rome. This changed when Ferdinand I, on a visit to Kandler's exhibition in Prague, painted the two large paintings Gregor IX. and Jacob Molai and commissioned the artist with the plans for the restoration of the palace chapel in Reichstadt . The former emperor was impressed by Kandler's designs and also entrusted him with the execution. Kandler then received numerous orders for frescoes and paintings, so that he could make a good living from his artistic work in Prague.

Kandler mainly worked as a church painter, but he also devoted himself to secular history, genre and landscape painting as well as architecture. He made his paintings in watercolor, gouache, fresco and oil paints. He also wrote a number of essays for the paperback Libussa .

Works (selection)

  • Loth's escape from Sodoma
  • The sermon of St. Prokop , for the church in Kozel
  • Frescoes The Holy Family , Finding of St. Ivan by the Bohemian Duke Udalrich , dome image God the Father at the moment of creation of light surrounded by angels , main image Christ with some saints , the three evangelists Lucas, Marcus and Johannes , the four angels, symbolizing the elements in the service of the church , St.- Raphaels Chapel of the Klarschen welfare and employment institution for adult blind people in Prague
  • Duke Spitignew holds court in front of the city gate of Prague , bought by Count Desfours-Wallsee
  • St. Catherine of Siena , altarpiece for the city of Jindřichův Hradec (Rome 1844, completed 1848)
  • St. Trinity , altarpiece for the parish church in Nadějkov near Tábor (Rome 1844, finished 1847)
  • The prophet Jonas preaches to the king and the people in Nineveh (Rome 1844)
  • Christ in Emaus , bought by the spa doctor Eduard Hlawaček from Karlovy Vary
  • Wall cartons St. Trinity with angel choirs , Bořiwoj is baptized by the Slav apostles Cyril and Method , Our Lady of Mercy is surrounded by the Bohemian patrons and angels , The Martyrdom of St. Wenceslas , as drafts for frescoes, for the baptistery in Prague's Tyn Church (Rome 1841).
  • Pope Gregory IX at the head of his cardinals, he confronts the rebels in 1240 and through his appearance conquers the rebellious masses
  • Jacob Molai, surrounded by his chained order dignitaries, defends himself before the royal judges and cardinals , a counterpart to Gregory IX. (Rome 1847)
  • St. Joseph with the Christ Child , altarpiece for the church in Kratzau, created as a votive image for the scholarship obtained (Rome 1847).
  • St. Adalbert , for the church in Skalsko , on behalf of Princess Isabella von Thurn und Taxis (Rome 1847, completed 1848)
  • St. Peter met Paul before Rome , Emperor Rudolf von Habsburg riding to his grave in Speyer , drafts for large oil paintings
  • Charles IV of Bohemia discovers the Karlsbader Sprudel named after him , with life-size figures (Rome 1849)
  • Panorama of the siege of Rome, from the point of attack by the French (Rome 1849), on behalf of the bookseller Josef Spithöver , drawing and etching in copper
  • St. Aegydius , St. John the Baptist , Madonna , altarpieces for the Strmilov Church , commissioned by the imperial government (completed in Prague 1852)
  • Restoration of the Zákupy chateau chapel, plans and execution
  • Wall and ceiling paintings in Zákupy Castle (together with Josef Navrátil )
  • St. John the Evangelist , St. Maria , altar wing pictures in the gold ground, plastic picture of the Savior on the cross for the Protestant St. Johanneskirche in Stralsund
  • The Assumption of Mary , side altarpiece for the newly built Catholic Church in Moscow
  • Frescoes God the Father with the Holy Spirit and worshiping angels (dome picture), St. Helena , St. Constantine (murals), church in Františkovy Lázně
  • Frescoes of God the Father with the Holy Spirit and the adoring angels (dome picture), The four Evangelists (wall paintings in the gold background), chapel of the military hospital in Karlsbad
  • The Austria , central sign on the ceiling of the dining room in the Karlsbad Military Hospital
  • Dome fresco The Madonna with the baby Jesus and an angelic choir , high altar painting of St. Karolus Borromeo preaching a sermon at the time of the plague in Milan in front of the cross in the new Carolus Chapel of the Sisters of Mercy in Prague
  • The Assumption of Mary , high altar painting for the provost church in Jindřichův Hradec
  • Frescoes The four moments from the work of the gendarme in his self-sacrificing occupation ( rescue from fire and water hazard , rescue of a poor woman in winter , fight with muggers ) as well as portraits of the founders of the gendarmerie Prince Felix von Schwarzenberg , Freiherr von Kempen and Freiherr von Kronenberg in the school hall of the kk gendarmerie building in Prague
  • three-year restoration of the interior of the Hofburg chapel in Prague. Kandler created a picture cycle in relation to the high altar pictures. The ceiling shows the Sindflut , the sacrifice of Noah and the legislation of Moses on Sinai . Ten Old Testament figures were created under the ceiling on the pilasters of the chapel in niches , on the boxes in the panels, painted gray on gray, Five depictions from the life of the Savior , the Apostle Princes Peter and Paul , the Four Evangelists , and the Four Doctors of the Church , in the center of which is the allegorical figure of the mother church . Kandler chiaroscuro painted Die hll over the imperial box . Anna and Joachim and next to the pulpit Moses and Elias
  • Christ on the cross , votive image for the school hall of the Komotauer model secondary school
  • St. Jacob , The Redeemer, giving the blessing for the Church of St. Jacob in Žatec
  • Drafts for the frescoes for the side chapels of the collegiate church in Teplá
  • Design of the richly ornamented Gothic pulpit hat, executed by Schmidt and Heidelberger in Prague
  • Main altarpiece of the parish church of St. Wenceslaus in Machov
  • Altarpieces of St. Antonius von Padua (main altar) and Wenceslas (side altar) in the parish church of Göhren , 1870 (not preserved)
  • The Liebotschaner Tor in Saaz, see old engraving
  • Coronation of the Virgin , high altar image of the eponymous monastery church of the former Capuchin monastery in Saaz / Žatec

Essays

  • Aeneas Sylvius and Piccolomini in Bohemia with the engraved view of the altarpiece of the Neuhauser Propsteikirche Sta. Catherine of Siena . In: Libussa, born 1853
  • The ancient aqueducts of the Campagna of Rome . In: Libussa, born 1854
  • The Carneval in Rome (with a steel engraving by C. Mayer after Kandler's picture). In: Libussa, born 1855
  • The October festivals and Raphael's country house in the Villa Borghese in Rome . In: Libussa, born 1857
  • The old statue of the Virgin Mary in the town of Neuhaus . In: Libussa, born 1858
  • Kandler's letters from Rome from the years 1844–1850, rich in personal data and very interesting historical details . In: Libussa, years 1859–1860

literature

Web links

Commons : Wilhelm Kandler  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Kandler, Wilhelm
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kandler, Vilém
BRIEF DESCRIPTION bohemian painter
DATE OF BIRTH February 28, 1816
PLACE OF BIRTH Scratching
DATE OF DEATH May 18, 1896
Place of death Prague