Chrastava
Chrastava | ||||
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Basic data | ||||
State : | Czech Republic | |||
Region : | Liberecký kraj | |||
District : | Liberec | |||
Area : | 2746.2108 ha | |||
Geographic location : | 50 ° 49 ′ N , 14 ° 58 ′ E | |||
Height: | 295 m nm | |||
Residents : | 6,281 (Jan 1, 2019) | |||
Postal code : | 463 31 | |||
License plate : | L. | |||
structure | ||||
Status: | city | |||
Districts: | 8th | |||
administration | ||||
Mayor : | Michael Canov (as of 2007) | |||
Address: | Nám. 1. máje 1 463 31 Chrastava |
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Municipality number: | 564117 | |||
Website : | www.chrastava.cz |
Chrastava (German Kratzau ) is a small town in Okres Liberec in the Czech Republic .
Geographical location
The city is located in northern Bohemia at 350 m above sea level. NN west of the Jizera Mountains at the confluence of the Jeřice ( Görsbach ) in the Lusatian Neisse , southeast of Grabštejn ( Grafenstein ) and northwest of Liberec ( Reichenberg ).
history
The town was probably founded in the 13th century when Přemysl Ottokar II invited settlers from the surrounding area to the Czech border region in order to upgrade this then barren area. The first written mention of the place comes from 1352 under the name Craczauia . The first inhabitants were miners from the Saxon town of Pirna , who mined copper, tin, lead, silver and gold in the area. The church of St. Laurentius is already mentioned in the construction books of 1384.
In the 15th century the city was occupied by the Hussites who made forays into Lusatia from here . A fortified settlement gradually emerged on both sides of the Jeřice .
In the course of a renewed upswing in mining, the place received city rights in 1527. After the eventful fate of the Thirty Years' War , the textile industry initiated an economic boom that continued with industrialization. During this time Kratzau belonged to the Grafenstein manor, which comprised 12,600 hectares and which Johann Wenzel von Gallas bought from Count Trautmannsdorff for 400,000 florins in 1707 and developed it economically. (see: Reichenberg. Stadt und Land im Neißetal. A home book edited by Rudolf Gränzer with the participation of numerous Heimatfreunde, published by Heimatkreis Reichenberg eV in the Heimatstube Reichenberg , Augsburg 1974) Mechanical engineering (textile machines) came to the textile industry. From the middle of the 19th century, Kratzau formed a political municipality in the judicial district of Kratzau or Reichenberg district , where it was the seat of the district court.
According to the Munich Agreement , from 1938 to 1945 the city belonged to the district of Reichenberg , administrative district of Aussig , in the Reichsgau Sudetenland of the German Empire
During the Second World War , grenades were manufactured in the Spreewerk Kratzau ammunition factory . In this operation, prisoners and women worked from a neighboring Weisskirchen located satellite camp of the concentration camp Gross Rosen .
Due to the Beneš decrees , after the end of the war in 1945, most of the German population was expropriated and expelled in the course of the expulsion of the Germans from Czechoslovakia .
The population fell from 8,000 to just 3,000 between 1945 and 1948.
Demographics
Until 1945 Kratzau was predominantly settled by German Bohemia , which were expelled.
year | Residents | Remarks |
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1830 | 1,889 | in 278 houses, mostly made of wood |
1857 | 3,559 | on October 31st |
1900 | 3,505 | German residents |
1930 | 4,740 | |
1939 | 4,339 |
year | 1970 | 1980 | 1991 | 1999 | 2001 | 2004 |
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Residents | 4,900 | 5,200 | 5,597 | 5,878 | 5,944 | 6,051 |
Community structure
Chrastava consists of the districts Chrastava ( Kratzau ), Dolní Chrastava ( Unterkratzau ), Horní Chrastava ( Oberkratzau ), Andělská Hora ( Engelsberg ), Dolní Vítkov ( Nieder Wittig ), Horní Vítkov ( Ober Wittig ) and two local communities Víska ( Kratzauer Neudörfel ) Vysoká ( Hohendorf ).
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Andělská Hora u Chrastavy, Dolní Chrastava, Dolní Vítkov, Horní Chrastava, Horní Vítkov, Chrastava I ( Kratzau ) and Chrastava II ( Kratzau-Neustadt ).
traffic
The Zittau – Liberec railway and state road 35 from Liberec to Zittau run through the city . In addition, the Oder-Neisse cycle path goes through Kratzau.
Attractions
- St. Laurentius Church ( Kostel sv. Vavřince ): original building (around 1300) was demolished except for the tower from the 16th century and rebuilt in neo-Gothic style (1866–1868)
- Führichhaus: The house where the painter Joseph von Führich was born ( Rodný dům malíře Josefa Führicha ).
- Monument to the painter Josef Führich in the park behind the church
- Fire Brigade Museum
- Vitkov Curia open-air archaeological museum near Horní Vítkov
Town twinning
- Eichstaett , Germany
- Lwówek Śląski , Poland
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- David Schwertner (also: Schwerdtner; 1625–1666), Lutheran theologian, professor of ethics and dean at the University of Leipzig
- Wenzel Führich (1768–1836), craftsman and painter
- Valentin von Siebeneicher (1783–1861), officer
- Joseph von Führich (1800–1876), painter
- Karl Damian von Schroff (1802–1887), doctor, professor and rector at the University of Vienna
- Gustav Kratzmann (1812–1902), painter
- Wilhelm Kandler (1816–1896), painter
- Franz Josef Schütky (1817–1893), opera singer and composer, worked in Stuttgart for 40 years
- Richard Placht (1880–1962), sculptor and medalist
- Adolf Enge (1885–1952), lawyer and politician
- Karl Kneschke (1898–1959), politician
- Erwin Pohl (1914–2013), behind glass artist
- Willi Sitte (1921–2013), painter
- Rudolf Sitte (1922–2009), sculptor, painter, graphic artist and ceramist
Other personalities
The Austrian Federal President Theodor Körner (1873–1957) grew up in the city.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/564117/Chrastava
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ A b Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 2: Bunzlauer Kreis , Prague 1834, p. 285, paragraph 19.
- ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 196, paragraph 18.
- ↑ Statistical overviews of the population and livestock in Austria . Vienna 1859, p. 40, left column .
- ^ Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon 6th edition, Volume 11, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 600, see entry Kratzau .
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to reunification in 1990. City and district of Reichenberg. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/564117/Obec-Chrastava
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/564117/Obec-Chrastava