Hejnice

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Hejnice
Hejnice coat of arms
Hejnice (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Liberecký kraj
District : Liberec
Area : 3841.1813 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 53 ′  N , 15 ° 11 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 52 ′ 45 "  N , 15 ° 11 ′ 0"  E
Height: 375  m nm
Residents : 2,721 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 463 62
License plate : L.
traffic
Railway connection: Raspenava – Bílý Potok pod Smrkem
structure
Status: city
Districts: 2
administration
Mayor : Jaroslav Demčák (as of 2019)
Address: Nádražní 521
463 62 Hejnice
Municipality number: 564044
Website : www.mestohejnice.cz

Hejnice (German Haindorf ) is a small town in the Czech Republic and a Catholic place of pilgrimage for devotion to Mary .

Geographical location

Urban area and surroundings from the perspective of the Ořešnik

The city is located in northern Bohemia 370 m above sea level. M. and extends in the Jizera Mountains in the valley of the Smědá ( Wittig ) between the confluences of the creeks Černý potok ( Schwarzbach ) and Libverdský potok ( Liebwerder Bach ), 16 km from Liberec ( Reichenberg ).

history

Pilgrimage Church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary
Memorial plaque for Empress Elisabeth
Monastery and pilgrimage church
Bauer-Jusel-Kreuz on the pilgrimage route

According to legend, a chapel was built in 1211 after a grace healing, after a poor, exhausted sieve maker from the village of Mildeneichen had laid himself under a linden tree in the forest, as if by a miracle, and then acquired a picture of the Mother of God in neighboring Zittau that he attached to the linden tree under which he had found healing. The builder of the Maria the Graceful Chapel is said to have been a Herr von Bieberstein ; the chapel is said to have been expanded considerably in 1242 and 1272.

The village of Haindorf was built around this chapel and was first mentioned in 1381 in the land register of the Friedland rulership . When further miraculous healings took place, the enlarged St. John's Chapel was built in 1352 and expanded into a Gothic church in 1472. From 1558 to 1621 Haindorf, like all of Bohemia, was evangelical-Lutheran for three generations and the Roman-Catholic Church was closed.

During the re-Catholicization of Bohemia in the Thirty Years' War , the miraculous image was re-erected and venerated in the Johanniskirche in Haindorf. In 1690 the Franciscan Order took over the church and the pilgrimage pastoral care. 1691 the owner of the donated manorial Friedland, Franz Ferdinand Gallas , built the Order a monastery with a family tomb Gallas that were completed 1696th In 1693 a pilgrimage route with 15 chapels was built on the way from Friedland to Haindorf. The influx and residence of the increasing numbers of pilgrims made Haindorf a prosperous place; In 1721 there were 64,000 communicants. In 1761 the church burned down and the miraculous image of the Virgin Mary was saved. Thanks to the efforts of the locals and donations from outside, the pilgrimage church was rebuilt as the impressive "Basilica of the Visitation" between 1722 and 1729 according to plans by the Prague builder Thomas Haffenecker . The interior offered space for 7,000 people. The influx of pilgrims and the veneration of Mary began again.

In Josephinism from 1780 to 1790, processions were forbidden and the precious consecration gifts were removed. In 1810, after Napoleon Bonaparte , the processions of pilgrims to the miraculous image revived. Statistics before the First World War indicated an annual attendance of more than 100,000, with 60,000 to 70,000 communicants annually. The Leitmeritz diocese in Hejnice has been promoting an international meeting center since 1993 . From the middle of the 19th century and the peasants' liberation in 1848, the place belonged to the judicial district of Friedland and the Friedland district .

Towards the end of the 19th century , companies in the textile industry settled in Haindorf and in the Ferdinandstal district ( Ferdinandov in Czech ) founded in the 18th century , supported by the Gallas and Clam-Gallas families . In addition, Haindorf and Ferdinandstal in the Jizera Mountains have been popular with day trippers and holidaymakers as a summer retreat since the first half of the 20th century with the beginning of tourism . On July 31, 1917, Haindorf was raised to town by Emperor Karl I.

After the Munich Agreement , the town was to the German Reich affiliated and belonged until 1945 to the county Friedland , Region of Usti nad Labem , in the Reich District of Sudetenland .

Haindorf, which was given the official name of Hejnice, was also severely affected by the economic decline of the region after the end of the Second World War and the expulsion of the Germans from Czechoslovakia due to the Beneš decrees . In 1968, during the Prague Spring , the place of pilgrimage was revived through visits from supplicants. Today the town is a popular excursion destination, not least because of the visitors to the pilgrimage basilica, hiking and cycling trails and lives from tourism .

Demographics

Until 1945 Haindorf was predominantly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1830 1358 in 203 houses
1900 3063 German residents
1930 2504
1939 2402
Population since the end of the Second World War
year 1970 1980 1991 2001 2003
Residents 2,057 2 549 2,537 2 704 2,751

City structure

The town of Hejnice consists of the districts Ferdinandov ( Ferdinandsthal ) and Hejnice ( Haindorf ).

Attractions

  • Pilgrimage Church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary, built 1722–1729 in the Baroque style.
  • Image of grace of the Mother of God, called Mater Formosa (the graceful), from the beginning of the 14th century in the Gothic style . An important work of art in Mariology .
  • The altar called Wallenstein's field wing from 1500.
  • Former Franciscan monastery in the Baroque style with a Franciscan legend in the corridor of the monastery.
  • Birthplace of Josef Riedel (large industrialist) , "the glass king of the Jizera Mountains"; House number 175.
  • Baroque Marterl at No. 175.
  • Memorial plaque dedicated to Empress Elisabeth of Austria-Hungary (1837–1898), called "Sisi"

Personalities

literature

  • Oppitz: fertile and shady linden tree, Haindorf 1731.
  • Julis Helbig: History of the Church in Haindorf. Friedland 1894.
  • Josef Bennesch: Local history of Haindorf . Friedland in Bohemia 1924.
  • Rudolf Sitka: The places of grace of the Sudetenland. Dedicated in pious reverence to the Most Holy Virgin Mary in the Marian Year 1954, Heimatverlag M. Renner, Kempten im Allgäu, 1954, pages 22 to 25 with 4 photos: The Haindorfer image of grace; Haindorf pilgrimage site in the midst of a wonderful mountain landscape; The pilgrimage basilica in Haindorf with the Franciscan monastery and high altar with miraculous image in the Haindorf basilica.
  • Rudolf Anděl, Roman Karpaš: Frýdlantsko, Minulost a současnost kraje na upatí Jizerských hor . Liberec 2002.
  • Milan Svoboda, Jan Heinzl: The Counts of Gallas, of Clam-Gallas and Haindorf: The place of pilgrimage and its patrons. Hejnice, Liberec 2015. ISBN 978-80-85874-73-0 .

Web links

Commons : Hejnice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/564044/Hejnice
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ↑ Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 4: Bunzlauer Kreis , Prague 1786, pp. 297-298, (item 30).
  4. ^ A b Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 2: Bunzlauer Kreis , Prague 1834, p. 317, (item 32).
  5. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 8, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 633 .
  6. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Friedland district on the Jizera Mountains. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  7. ↑ Czech population statistics
  8. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/564044/Obec-Hejnice