Jablonné v Podještědí

Jablonné v Podještědí
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Liberecký kraj
District :	Liberec
Area :	5784.9106 ha
Geographic location :	50 ° 46 ' N , 14 ° 46' E Coordinates: 50 ° 45 '56 " N , 14 ° 45' 39" E
Height:	315 m nm
Residents :	3,622 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	471 25
License plate :	L.
traffic
Railway connection:	Řetenice – Lovosice – Česká Lípa – Liberec ; Svor – Jablonné v Podještědí (discontinued)
structure
Status:	city
Districts:	12
administration
Mayor :	Petr Sadílek (as of 2010)
Address:	náměstí Míru 22 ; 471 25 Jablonné v Podještědí
Municipality number:	561631
Website :	www.jablonnevp.cz

Jablonné v Podještědí ( German German fork , until 1901 fork ) is a city in the Czech Republic .

geography

Geographical location

City and surroundings

The city is located in the north of Bohemia at the foot of the Lusatian Mountains on the European route 442 between Nový Bor ( Haida ) and Liberec ( Reichenberg ) on the Panenský potok ( Jungfernbach ).

City structure

The city Jablonné v Podještědí consists of the districts Česká Ves ( Böhmischdorf ), Heřmanice v Podještědí ( Hermsdorf ), Jablonné v Podještědí ( German fork ) Kněžice ( United Herrendorf ) Lada v Podještědí (, Laaden , also charging ), Lvova ( Lemberk ) Markvartice ( Markersdorf ), Petrovice ( Petersdorf ), Pole ( Felden ), Postřelná ( Postrum ), Valdov ( Waldau ) and Zámecká ( Neufalkenburg ). Basic development units are Česká Ves, Heřmanice v Podještědí, Jablonné v Podještědí, Kněžice, Kněžičky ( Klein Herrendorf ) Lada v Podještědí, Lvova, Markvartice, Petro Vice, poles, Postřelná, Valdov, Zamecka, Židovice ( Jüdendorf ) and Zpěvná ( birdsong ).

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Česká Ves v Podještědí, Heřmanice v Podještědí, Jablonné v Podještědí, Kněžice v Lužických horách, Lvová, Markvartice v Podještědí, Petrovice v. Lužickýchelná horácheln and

Neighboring places

Krompach (Krombach)	Oybin , Zittau	Hrádek nad Nisou (Grottau)
Mařenice (Großmergthal), Kunratice u Cvikova (Kunnersdorf)		Rynoltice (Ringelshain), Janovice v Podještědí (Johnsdorf)
Velký Valtinov (Great Walten)	Brniště (Brims), Stráž pod Ralskem (Wartenberg am Rollberg)	Dubnice (Hennersdorf)

history

Panorama of the city surrounded by the high forest in the Zittau Mountains

Old town buildings

Neu Falkenburg Castle

Jablonné is one of the oldest cities in North Bohemia . It is located on Gabler Strasse , an old trade route that runs from Upper Lusatia via Zittau and the Zittau Mountains to Prague. According to tradition, the settlement of Jabel was founded in the middle of the 10th century by Pribislava, a sister of King Boleslav I (Bohemia) or his son Boleslav II (Bohemia) .

The coat of arms shows a three-tower city gate with a two-pronged fork in the opening. The previously significant fork in the road appears to be the most sensible interpretation of the city name, but a derivation of “gabela” (ie salt tax, salt storage, also toll) is conceivable.

The town founded by the Markwartinger Gallus von Lämberg ( Havel z Lemberka , Latin Gallus de Yablonni ) was first mentioned in 1249. His wife, St. In 1252, Zdislava founded a Dominican monastery with the St. Laurentius Church. From the middle of the 14th century, Gabel was owned by the Berka von Dubá gentlemen , from whom it came to Johann Joachim von Pachta von Reihofen . In 1419 it was captured and destroyed by the Hussites under the leadership of Jan Žižka . The displaced Dominicans returned after the Hussite Wars . During the Thirty Years' War it suffered several times and therefore lost its importance. On May 11th, 1788, a large city fire destroyed almost all buildings.

During the Seven Years' War , Gabel was occupied by Prussian troops . During the Wars of Liberation , General Joseph Poniatowski occupied the city with Polish troops . On August 19, 1813, Napoleon Bonaparte was in the city on his retreat from Russia . During the First World War there was a prisoner-of-war camp near the city in which up to 12,000 mostly Russian and Ukrainian soldiers were interned.

The convenient location of the city is evident from the people passing through: 1564 the later Emperor Maximilian II , 1577 Emperor Rudolf II , 1611 King Matthias , 1617 King Ferdinand II and 1779 Emperor Joseph II.

In 1901, Gabel received the official place name Deutsch Gabel to distinguish it from Gabel an der Adler . The official Czech name of the place was from this time Německé Jablonné .

Deutsch Gabel and the surrounding area were hit hard by the global economic crisis and its consequences. Until well into the 1930s, most of the residents were unemployed.

From 1938 to 1945 Deutsch Gabel belonged to the district of Deutsch Gabel in the Reichsgau Sudetenland , district of Aussig , of the German Empire .

On December 1, 1930, Deutsch Gabel had 2406 inhabitants, of which 2159 (90%) Germans, 180 (7%) Czechs and 65 (3%) foreigners.

After the Second World War , the German-speaking population from Deutsch Gabel was expelled in the direction of Zittau . Their property was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 , the property of the Protestant church was liquidated by the Beneš decree 131 and the Catholic churches in Czechoslovakia were expropriated .

Until December 31, 2006 the city belonged to the Okres Česká Lípa .

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year	Residents	Remarks
1830	2.135	in 371 houses
1895	2,330
1900	2,623	German residents
1930	2.406	180 of them are Czechs
1939	2,160

Population since the end of the Second World War
year	1970	1980	1991	2001	2003
Residents	3,919	4,080	3,824	3,690	3,699

Attractions

Dominican monastery with the monastery church of St. Laurentius in the style of a domed church . It was built in 1699–1722 by the builder Franz Anton ( František Antonín ) Berka von Dubá (1635–1706) based on a design by Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt based on the model of St. Peter's Church in Vienna . In a crypt in a mortuary shrine are the bones of St. Zdislava.

Baroque plague column from 1686 on the market square

Chapel of St. wolfgang

On the western outskirts of the city there is an approximately 400 × 275 m large park, in the center of which is the Nový Falkenburk ( New Falkenburg ), which was built by Heinrich / Jindřich Berka von Dubá 1562–1572, rebuilt in the Baroque style in 1759 and after 1890 until 1945 was owned by the Reichenberg textile manufacturer Liebieg .

Lemberk Castle

Zdislava fountain

Holy Trinity column in the style of the early baroque

Location views

St. Laurentius Monastery Church
German Protestant Church
Plague column
Pachta hunting lodge
Monument to the Ukrainian prisoners in Hermsdorf
Jablonné v Podještědí market square in April 2015

Personalities

Georg Tectander von der Jabel (1581–1614), German traveler to Persia, envoy of Emperor Rudolf II.
Johann Jeremias Ergert (1730–1798), manufacturer, guild master and community elder of the city
Franz Ergert (1758–1831), Austrian manufacturer and pioneer of industrialization
Karl von Ergert (1795–1865), Austrian cavalry officer
Wilhelm Ergert (1819-1892), cloth - producer and Mayor of the City (1850-1851; 1858-1871)
Anton Ergert (1826–1888), businessman, first city councilor and district school councilor
Louis Fleischner (1827-1896), American businessman and politician
Otto Porsche (1858–1931), painter
Vinzenz Kraus (1865–1926), Austrian tanner and politician, member of parliament
Wenzel Bürger (1869–1946), architect
Alfred Gürtler (1875–1933), Austrian statistician, economist and politician ( CS )
Rudo Schwarz (1906–1983), German painter, draftsman, photographer and author
Kurt Nelhiebel (alias Conrad Taler , * 1927), German author and radio journalist ( Radio Bremen )

literature

Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , p. 109 f.
Lillian Schacherl: Bohemia. Cultural image of a landscape. 4th edition. Prestel, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-7913-0240-X , p. 216.
Alfred Schickel : The expulsion of the Germans. History, background, reviews. MUT, Asendorf 1985, ISBN 3-89182-014-3 .