Stráž pod Ralskem
| Stráž pod Ralskem | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Liberecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Česká Lípa | ||||
| Area : | 2158.0327 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 42 ' N , 14 ° 48' E | ||||
| Height: | 310 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 3,977 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 471 27 | ||||
| License plate : | L. | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Věra Bradáčová (status: 2007) | ||||
| Address: | Náměstí 5. května 55 471 27 Stráž pod Ralskem |
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| Municipality number: | 562092 | ||||
| Website : | www.strazpr.cz | ||||
| Location of Stráž pod Ralskem in the Česká Lípa district | |||||
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Stráž pod Ralskem (translated: "Wacht unter dem Ralsko ((-berg))"; German (until 1918 official) name Wartenberg (am Rollberg) ) is a town of the Okres Česká Lípa in the Liberec region in the north of the Czech Republic .
Geographical location
The city is located in northern Bohemia , about 25 kilometers southwest of Ještěd (Jeschken) and the city of Liberec (Reichenberg) and about 15 kilometers northeast of Ralsko (Rollberg) and the town of Mimoň (Niemes) . The city is surrounded by the Ploučnice in the east, north and west , into which the Ještědský potok and the Dubnický potok flow at the foot of the Zámecký vrch (352 m) . To the east of the town center is the Horecký rybník (Great Horka Pond) and to the northeast on the Zámecký vrch (352 m) the Vartenberk Castle (Wartenberg) .
history
History of the city
Wartenberg is said to have been created as a castle settlement below the castle of the same name by the Lords of Wartenberg in 1256 . The ruling family is a branch of the Lords of Ralsko that first appeared under this name in a document in 1281 . The parish church had its own pastor as early as 1384.
The castle and later castle town had its task in protecting the trade routes to Zittau , which is also reflected in the name: "Wartturm zur Rollburg" (stražna podrólski) - "warta" or "varte" - the watch tower (watchtower) and "pork" or "berk" - the mountain .
Marquard von Březno appointed his son Beneš, who later also became Prague burgrave, to be the lord of the castle on Wartenberg. Beneš von Wartenberg became the progenitor of the Lords of Wartenberg.
With the decline of the House of Wartenberg during the Thirty Years' War , the rulership of the castle and town changed several times. In the 16th and 17th centuries there was a change in various noble families, including Albrecht von Wallenstein who lived between 1620 and 1634 . Between 1714 and 1922 it was owned by Count Hartig . Administratively, Wartenberg formed a municipality in the judicial district of Niemes or in the Bohemian Leipa district from the middle of the 19th century .
From 1938 to 1945 Wartenberg belonged to the district of Deutsch Gabel in the German Reichsgau Sudetenland , district of Aussig .
Demographics
Until the post-war expulsions in 1945 to 1947, Wartenberg was mainly populated by Germans.
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1830 | 1,304 | in 230 houses |
| 1860 | 1,400 | |
| 1930 | 1,051 | |
| 1939 | 1,141 |
| year | 1970 | 1980 | 1991 | 2001 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 898 | 2,476 | 3 873 | 4,028 | 4,068 |
Uranium mining
Stráž pod Ralskem is also known for the uranium mines of the real socialist post-war era. Up to 1996, a total of 15,000 tons of uranium had been mined in the pits and tunnels around the city . The region was once the world's largest uranium mining area. From time to time, the waste deposited here leads to a very controversial public debate . The currently influenced total area of the water-saturated Cenomanian - collector is about 24 square kilometers. The contamination of the rock environment caused by chemical extraction is a potential threat to drinking water sources and surface rivers in the region. There is a risk of very acidic and saline solutions migrating into the Turon groundwater collectors , which could depreciate the currently very valuable and at the same time largest water sources in the Czech Republic for centuries. For this reason it is necessary to carry out an extensive restoration of this area. According to the model calculations, the remediation and liquidation of the consequences of the uranium produced here chemically will continue into the 2080s. The estimated costs for this amount to around 1.6 billion euros, which corresponds to the equivalent of around 40.9 billion CZK .
The approximately 10 million tons of radioactively contaminated chemical sludge are concentrated on an area of 628 hectares northwest of the city, parallel to road 278 in the direction of Nový Luhov . Since 2011 liquidating restructuring measures have been initiated there.
traffic
Stráž pod Ralskem is located on the road 278 from Nový Luhov to Hodkovice nad Mohelkou .
To the west of the center there is a bus station , where mainly buses run to and from Mimoň, Liberec, Český Dub , Doksy and Česká Lípa .
There is no connection to the Czech rail network in Stráž pod Ralskem itself. The nearest railway station, Brniště, in the village of Luhov on the route from Liberec to Prague is about 10 kilometers from the village.
A company belonging to the Liberec municipal utilities and the Liberecký kraj regional administration, which has since been dissolved, pursued intensive plans until 2010 to build a tram line from Liberec to Stráž pod Ralskem. The associated, financially quite expensive Ještěd tunnel and the plan downgrading in the Czech Ministry of Transport led to its dissolution, and the planning for the Regiotram Nisa has been suspended for the time being.
sons and daughters of the town
- Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber (1644–1704), composer
- Daniel Joseph Mayer von Mayern (1656–1733), Archbishop of Prague
- Franz Baugut (1668–1726), sculptor, carver, builder and carpenter as well as Jesuit
- Anton von Jaksch (1810–1887), internist, rector of the University of Prague
- Rudolf Bitzan (1872–1938), architect
literature
- Wilhelm Feistner: History of the city of Wartenberg 1283–1926 with additions 1927–1945, published by Josef Michel and Karl Kraus, Waldkirch 1964.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/562092/Straz-pod-Ralskem
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 4: Bunzlauer Kreis , Prague 1786, pp. 246–247, item 1).
- ↑ a b c Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 2: Bunzlauer Kreis , Prague 1834, pp. 245–246, item 1).
- ↑ strazpr.cz - town history (Czech)
- ↑ strazpr.cz - City history: Stráž in the 20th century (Czech)
- ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 196, paragraph 20).
- ^ Pierer's Universal Lexicon . Volume 18, Altenburg 1864, p. 865 .
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Deutsch Gabel (Czech. Jablonné v Podjestedí). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Czech population statistics
- ↑ strazpr.cz - City history: The history of uranium mining (Czech)
- ↑ Jaroslav Švehla: The past, present and future in the area of the former chemical uranium ore processing plant Mape-Mydlovary near Vodňany p. 4 (German)
- ↑ enviweb.cz - Greenpeace.cz - The chemical consequences of uranium mining in Ralsko are lessons for the future . (Czech)