Nový Bor

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Nový Bor
Nový Bor coat of arms
Nový Bor (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Liberecký kraj
District : Česká Lípa
Area : 1944.1294 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 46 '  N , 14 ° 33'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 45 '35 "  N , 14 ° 33' 15"  E
Height: 365  m nm
Residents : 11,678 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 471 18-473 01
traffic
Street: European route 442
Railway connection: Bakov nad Jizerou – Ebersbach
structure
Status: city
Districts: 5
administration
Mayor : Jaromír Dvořák (Starostové pro Liberecký kraj) (as of 2012)
Address: nám. Míru 1
473 01 Nový Bor
Municipality number: 561860
Website : www.novy-bor.cz
Location of Nový Bor in the Česká Lípa district
map

Nový Bor , until 1948 Bor u České Lípy (German Haida ), is the second youngest town of the Okres Česká Lípa in the Liberec region in the north of the Czech Republic .

geography

location

The place lies between the southern slope of the Lusatian Mountains (Lužické hory) and the Bohemian Central Mountains (České středohoří) around eight kilometers north of Česká Lípa (Bohemian Leipa) at the foot of the striking cone of the Klíč (Kleisberg) with a height of 759 m. The Šporka brook flows through Nový Bor .

climate

The average annual temperature is 5 to 7 ° C and the annual rainfall is relatively high at 800 to 1000 mm.

history

Aerial view of Nový Bor

Originated in the 18th century

Hayda was founded in 1702 when the Meierhof "Haydaer Hof" belonging to Arnsdorf (today Arnultovice ) was parceled out and a village with 21 houses was created there. After the reign of the Kinsky counts in 1710, it began to develop rapidly and by 1713 already had 90 inhabitants. The first chapel was built in 1749. The construction of the Kaiserstraße on the Prague-Rumburg-Zittau route, in which Count Kinsky had a considerable share, was of decisive importance for the upswing . He decided to take advantage of the municipality's advantageous location and relocate the economic center here. Count Kinsky founded the first weaving mill here in 1757 and Empress Maria Theresa elevated the village to a free, unpaved market on February 26, 1757.

Glass processing and the sale of glass from the glassworks in the area quickly concentrated here, as the first glass sales company was established here as early as 1754. Haida became the center of glass processing in northern Bohemia . Here was the place of activity of Friedrich Egermann , who achieved world renown in 1832 through his inventions such as agate glass , mother-of-pearl and bisque enamel, lithyaline glass , the yellow and especially the red glaze.

In 1869 the Haida Glass School was founded, which was merged with the Glass School in Steinschönau in 1926 and played a decisive role in the development of Bohemian glass art. The designs were realized and sold by Joh. Oertel & Co. These art glasses were also sold worldwide through the Wiener Werkstätte . By 1880 the place already had 2,737 inhabitants and was a center of porcelain manufacture and the glass trade. In 1884, the well-known Brothers Rachmann company for glass refining and trading also relocated from Langenau to Haida. From the middle of the 19th century, Haida was also the seat of a district court ( judicial district Haida ) and in the Bohemian Leipa district .

Rumburg uprising

On May 21, 1918, revolting Czech soldiers marched from Rumburk over the Lusatian Mountains and occupied Haida, from where they wanted to advance to Prague via Česká Lípa . However, they were surrounded by an overwhelming force of border guards and after a short battle they were captured. On May 29, 1918, the military tribunal in Haida 21 sentenced the leader to death; the sentence was carried out on seven of them that evening. A memorial was erected on the site of the execution in 1923, which was later removed. Today there is a granite monument here and there are seven graves in the nearby cemetery with the names of those who were executed.

Interwar period

In 1919 Haida came to the newly created Czechoslovakia . According to the Munich Agreement of 1938, until May 1945 it was part of the district of Böhmisch Leipa in the Reichsgau Sudetenland , district of Aussig , of the German Empire .

post war period

Soldiers of the Czech Revolutionary Guard tortured eight German men and women from Haida on June 2, 1945 and shot them in front of the town hall, another German was arbitrarily taken out of a displacement transport across the border and killed the following day. As a deterrent, those executed were left in place for twenty-four hours and then buried in a mass grave.

The incident was kept secret from the public for a long time. It was made public after the Velvet Revolution through the work of the publicist and writer Jan Tichý in the “Novoborský měsíčník” (Haida monthly) . As part of the celebrations for the 60th anniversary of the end of the war, representatives of the city also remembered the nine German victims for the first time and laid a bouquet of flowers on the reconciliation cross in the forest cemetery. At the request of the bereaved, the Representation of the City of Nový Bor voted on January 25, 2006 to erect a memorial stone in German and Czech on the Nový Bor forest cemetery.

After the Second World War , school operations were resumed and in 1967 the large Crystalex glass combine was opened. In 1948 the municipalities Bor u České Lípy and Arnultovice were merged to form a municipality Nový Bor , with the district Bor u České Lípy being renamed Nový Bor at the same time . Between 1949 and 1961 Nový Bor was the district town of Okres Nový Bor.

Demographics

Until 1945 Haida was mostly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1830 1,243 in 223 houses
1900 3.110 German residents
1930 4.158
1939 3,450
Population since the end of the Second World War
year 1970 1980 1991 2001 2003 2006
Residents 8,669 10,828 12,166 12,342 12,171 12,192 1
1 As of January 1, 5,923 were male and 6,269 were female; the local mean age was 39.7 years (men: 37.9 years, women: 41.5 years).

City structure

The town of Nový Bor consists of the districts

  • Arnultovice (Arnsdorf) with Dolní Arnultovice (Niederarnsdorf) and Horní Arnultovice (Oberarnsdorf)
  • Bukovany (Bokwen) with Chomouty (Komt)
  • Janov (Johannesdorf)
  • Nový Bor (Haida) with Hřebenka ( Neu Kottowitz )
  • Pihel (Pihl) with Dolní Pihel (Niederpihl) , Horní Pihel (Oberpihl) and Pihelsko (Pihler construction sites)

Basic settlement units are Borský vrch, Bukovany, Dolní Arnultovice, Dolní Pihel, Horní Arnultovice, Horní Pihel, Hřebenka, Chomouty, Janov, Lesná, Lesní hřbitov, Městský les, Nová Skalice, Nový Bor-střed, Pod Klíčem, Pod Klíčem, n. Pod skalkou, Rumburských hrdinů, Sídliště Západ, Skalická, U divadla, U koupaliště, U Krystalu, U lesa, V lomech and Za nádražím.

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Arnultovice u Nového Boru, Bukovany u Nového Boru, Janov u Nového Boru, Nový Bor and Pihel.

Partner communities

Attractions

Parish church
  • Parish church Maria Himmelfahrt, built 1747–1749 initially as a chapel and rebuilt in its present form in 1786–1788 by the master builder Johann Wenzel Kosch ; In 1893 minor changes were made. It is a late baroque central building with a tower whose onion roof is equipped with two lanterns. The semicircular chancel with two balconies adjoins the oval nave, which is closed off with a lunette vault. The classicist furnishings date from the end of the 18th century, the main altar with its sculptural furnishings by IM Platzer is from 1792. The interior is complemented by six glass chandeliers from the local glassworks and colored glass windows with figural motifs (John the Baptist and the Madonna) by Karl Meltzer from Skalice (Langenau) .
  • Former manorial bulk floor, today the seat of the city administration. This baroque two-story long building has a mansard roof . In the portal above the entrance with decorated door posts are rococo cartouches with the city coat of arms, behind the entrance in the passage there are the newly furnished coat of arms and on metal panels modern images from the past and present of the city.
Glass museum
  • Glass Museum (Sklářské muzeum) : The first exhibition of glass works of art was set up in the town hall by the professional association of glassworkers in 1893. Today it is located in the Empire building opposite, which the glass dealer Johann Christoph Socher had built in 1804 after returning from his successful thirteen-year stay in Mexico; The portal with an anchor - the symbol of his export business - also dates from this time. A glass painter's workshop from the 19th century is installed in the entrance hall; above the stairs is an under glass painting symbolizing the history of the city. The permanent exhibition of the historical development of the glass industry in Bohemia is regularly supplemented by current solo exhibitions.
  • Market square with the two-story post office building, an important Art Nouveau building with a dome from 1904 on the south-west corner, the spacious building of the school, which was built on the site of the original Piarist college and grammar school from 1763 on the south-east side of the square and the mostly one-story Empire town houses built around 1800 and in the first half of the 19th century; they are made of wood, brick or with a wooden upper floor, often with decorated stone doorposts.

economy

Egermann

The place is particularly known for its glass industry. As early as 1930 there were 68 companies that traded, produced and refined glass.

traffic

The city has a train station on the course book route 080 (Bakov nad Jizerou – Jedlová), part of the Bakov nad Jizerou – Ebersbach railway . The Europastraße 442 leads around the place as a bypass road.

Sports

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Other personalities associated with the city

literature

  • Association for the history of the Germans in Bohemia: Announcements of the Association for the history of the Germans in Bohemia , Vol. 3–4, 1865.
  • A. Jahnel: Chronicle of the Prussian invasion of northern Bohemia in 1866 , 1867.
  • Josef Sieber: History of the city of Haida , 1913.
  • G. Höltl (ed.): The Bohemian Glass 1700–1950.

Web links

Commons : Nový Bor  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/561860/Novy-Bor
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ^ Overview of the Rachmann family in the Neue Deutsche Biographie
  4. ↑ Jan Tichý: Divoký odsun 1945 v Boru u České Lípy ( Memento of the original from June 10, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / bohumildolezal.lidovky.cz
  5. ↑ 22/1949 Sb
  6. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 1: Leitmeritzer Kreis , Prague 1833, pp. 292-293, item 14).
  7. ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 197, item 18).
  8. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 8, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 627 .
  9. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District Böhmish Leipa (Czech. Ceská Lípa). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  10. ↑ Czeski Urząd Statystyczny
  11. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/561860/Obec-Novy-Bor
  12. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/561860/Obec-Novy-Bor
  13. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/561860/Obec-Novy-Bor
  14. ↑ Marlies Sonnemann: From Bohemia into the world - From porcelain painter to Dresden manufacturer - On the trail of the memoirs of Heinrich Theodor Hochmann, Markkleeberg, Sax-Verlag, 2016, 272 p., ISBN 978-3-86729-180-4