Bakov nad Jizerou – Ebersbach railway line

Bakov nad Jizerou – Ebersbach (Sachs)
Route number (DB) :	6586 (state border - Ebersbach) ; sä. RE (Rumburk – Ebersbach)
Course book series (SŽDC) :	080, 081, 088
Route length:	98.494 km
Gauge :	1435 mm ( standard gauge )
Top speed:	100 km / h
Legend from Praha hl. n. (formerly BNB ) 0.000 Bakov nad Jizerou to Turnov (formerly BNB ) 2.100 Malá Bělá Rečkovská lesní dráha (Rečkov Forest Railway) 6.714 hr. Papírny ~ 6.9 Bělá pod Bezdězem zastávka 9.792 Bělá pod Bezdězem ~ 13.7 Bělá pod Bezdězem město 15.507 Protectorate border (1938–1945) 18.610 Bezděz formerly Schloßbösig 23,415 Okna formerly Woken b. Hirschberg 29.283 Doksy formerly Hirschberg am See ~ 31.2 Staré Splavy formerly Thammühl 35,082 Jestřebí u České Lípy formerly Habstein 38.118 Srní u České Lípy used to be roe deer to Liberec Česká Lípa – Lovosice from Řetenice – Lovosice (formerly ATE ) 44.867 Česká Lípa formerly Bohemian Leipa to Liberec (formerly ATE ) to Benešov nad Ploučnicí (formerly BNB ) 47,000 Česká Lípa střelnice formerly Bohemian Leipa City Park to Kamenický Šenov (formerly LB Böhm. Leipa – Steinschönau ) 53.384 Skalice u České Lípy formerly Langenau 57.089 Nový Bor formerly Haida from Jablonné v Podještědí (formerly BNB ) 62.20 Svor earlier Röhrsdorf Vertex 559 m ~ 68.6 Nová Huť v Lužických horách formerly Jedlová zastávka / Nová Huť-Světlá / Neuhütte-Lichtenwald from Děčín hl.n. (formerly BNB ) 70,802 Jedlová formerly Tannenberg 70.406 Chřibská formerly the small summer ring 80.087 Rybniště formerly a pond place to Varnsdorf (formerly BNB ) ~ 83.0 Krásná Lípa město formerly Schönlinde Hst 84.890 Krásná Lípa formerly Schönlinde to Panský (formerly the North Bohemian Industrial Railway ) from Mikulášovice (formerly the North Bohemian Industrial Railway ) from Sebnitz (Sachs) (formerly BNB ) 90.912 Rumburk formerly Rumburg 93.43 Rumburk zastávka formerly Rumburg Hp 96.58 Jiříkov- Filipov formerly Georgswalde-Philippsdorf 97.690 State border between the Czech Republic and Germany from Oberoderwitz 97.855 Jiříkov formerly Georgswalde 98.494 Ebersbach (Sachs) formerly Georgswalde-Ebersbach 361 m to Wilthen to Löbau

The Bakov nad Jizerou – Ebersbach railway is a single-track main line in the Czech Republic and Saxony , which was originally built and operated by the kk priv. Bohemian Northern Railway Company (BNB). It runs from Bakov nad Jizerou via Česká Lípa (Bohemian Leipa) and Rumburk (Rumburg) to Ebersbach / Sa. The Jiříkov ( Georgswalde ) station , which is located directly on the state border, is connected via a short connecting railway.

history

Prehistory and construction

Play media file

Express train approaching Svor with the Klíč in the background (2014)

The section from Bakov to Bohemian Leipa (today: Česká Lípa ) was created shortly after the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 as the first railway line of the Bohemian Northern Railway Company. The line was opened on November 14, 1867. The further expansion of the route to the north was continued quickly, so that on January 16, 1869, the train service to Rumburg (today: Rumburk ) could be opened.

Even before 1869 there were considerations to continue the line towards Bautzen and Spremberg along the Spree in order to create the shortest line between Berlin and Vienna. Saxony, on the other hand, rejected a route that would have been in direct competition with its own railway line in the Elbe Valley . On September 29, 1869, a contract was signed between Austria and Saxony, which provided for at least the construction of a railway line from Rumburg via Georgswalde-Ebersbach to Löbau . The Austrian state government approved the construction of this route for the Bohemian Northern Railway on July 17, 1871. Construction work began a little later and was completed two years later.

On November 1, 1873, the new line to the Ebersbach border station in Saxony was opened; the BNB was not permitted to continue construction on Saxon territory. The connection to the route network of the Kgl. Saxon. State railways were built on the Saxon Ebersbach – Löbau railway line, which was opened at the same time .

business

After the nationalization of the Bohemian Northern Railway Company , the line was transferred to the Imperial and Royal Austrian State Railways in 1908 . After 1918, the line came to the newly founded Czechoslovak State Railways ČSD.

In the mid-1920s, the volume of cross-border freight traffic also reached a new high. From 1927 onwards, the United Aluminum Works in Berlin purchased 100,000 tons of bauxite annually from Hungary for their alumina and aluminum works in Schwarzkollm . From April to October each day, 1200-tonne block trains now ran over the long slopes of the Lusatian Mountains. This traffic did not end until 1990 when the plant was closed. In this situation, the Ebersbach border station in particular reached the limits of its capabilities. The Deutsche Reichsbahn answered the problem with a comprehensive expansion of the border station between 1925 and 1933. The ČSD built its own Georgswalde station in Georgswalde directly on the border on Czechoslovakian territory, which from May 15, 1933 mainly took up the extensive inland freight traffic. From then on, long-distance passenger trains to Prague and Nymburk began there, while the Saxon Ebersbach station was only served by motorized trains in the small border traffic on the Rumburg – Ebersbach route .

During this time, a boom in vacation travel began. In the period from 1925 to 1938 there were continuous connections with through coaches from Georgswalde-Ebersbach via Rumburg to Prague and Vienna. The journey from Rumburg to the Austrian capital was around ten hours. These trains were mainly used by business travelers and educated citizens, but also by alpine tourists. People who had far less money to spend on travel drove to the popular "summer retreats" of the Bohemian Lusatian Mountains .

With the worsening of the Sudeten crisis , rail traffic north of Bohemian Leipa came to a standstill on September 22, 1938. ČSD took its personnel and all mobile property inland with evacuation trucks. On their retreat behind the Schöber Line on September 24, the Czechoslovak Army destroyed, in addition to other infrastructure, three kilometers of track between the Schönlinde railway stations and the 87.7 km railroad with a rail grinder .

With the Munich Agreement and the subsequent connection of the Sudetenland to Germany , the line from the route kilometer 15.507 near Bösig (Bezděz) to Ebersbach came to the Deutsche Reichsbahn , Reichsbahndirektion Dresden . After the occupation of the area by the Wehrmacht on October 2nd and 3rd, 1938, the repair of the destroyed section was immediately initiated, which was carried out by workers from the Zittau railway maintenance office. For a transitional period, some of the traffic had to be handled by lorries and buses, and only after the return of the railway vehicles that had been driven off by ČSD at the end of 1938 did railway operations return to normal.

In the realm Kursbuch the track was now on as Kursbuch path 136a Ebersbach (Sachs) -Böhm Leipa-Bösig-Bakow (Bakov n J) contained. The border station with passport and customs control was the Bösig station, where it was now necessary to transfer to the ČSD trains and later (from 1939) to those of the legal successor Protectorate Railways Bohemia and Moravia (ČMD-BMB). In the summer timetable of 1939, the Reichsbahndirektion Dresden essentially left the timetable structure adopted by the ČSD, without the earlier runs to Prague and Nymburk. Most of the trains between Ebersbach and Rumburg continued to run as railcars, where they had to switch to the locomotive-hauled trains to Bohemian Leipa. The only major innovation was a pair of express trains from Löbau to Bohemian Leipa.

After the end of the Second World War in May 1945, the line came back to the ČSD.

Passenger train in Jedlová (1974)

Cross-border traffic to Ebersbach did not take place after 1945 for the time being. The ČSD trains now run to and from Jiříkov without exception, without touching German territory. It was not until September 30, 1952, that freight trains ran across the state border again. On August 21, 1968, cross-border rail traffic came to a standstill as a result of the invasion of the armies of the Warsaw Treaty Organization . From the summer of 1970 it was possible to travel privately to the Czechoslovakia again and from 1971 the regular rail traffic between the GDR and Czechoslovakia was resumed.

Around 1980, 75% of goods traffic was still transported by rail. The railway border crossings Bad Schandau / Děčín, Ebersbach / Rumburk and Zittau / Hrádek shared the transport tasks between northern and southern Europe. Due to the gradients in the Lusatian Mountains, only lighter goods were transported via Ebersbach / Rumburk (including the W50 truck with accompanying trailers, Škoda cars , tractors, agricultural machinery, military technology). From 1988, however, there was a decline in transports in favor of truck journeys.

From July 1, 1991, cross-border passenger traffic to Ebersbach was resumed, initially with three pairs of trains.

On January 1, 1993, the line was transferred to the newly founded České dráhy (ČD) in the course of the dissolution of Czechoslovakia . Since 2003 it has been part of the network of the state infrastructure operator Správa železniční dopravní cesty (SŽDC).

On December 10, 2006, the daily passenger train service between Rumburk and Jiříkov was discontinued. Cross-border travel to Ebersbach was maintained on weekends until the timetable change in December 2010. The five pairs of trains between Rumburk and Ebersbach ran for the last time on December 11, 2010. Since then, there has been no scheduled traffic on this section of the route. The tourist traffic on this section was transferred to a newly established bus connection.

In connection with the reopening of the Dolní Poustevna – Sebnitz rail border crossing ( Rumburk – Sebnitz line ) in 2014, there were considerations to resume travel between Rumburk and Ebersbach.

On the occasion of the Day of Saxony 2017 in Löbau there was regular passenger traffic between Rumburk and Ebersbach from September 1st to 3rd, 2017. In addition to a historic train set from the East Saxon Railway Friends (OSEF), Trilex railcars also ran .

Railcar train in Jestřebí u České Lípy (2006)

literature

• Erich Preuß , Reiner Preuß : Saxon State Railways. transpress Verlagsgesellschaft, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-344-70700-0 .
• Helga Kuhne: Dresden Railway Directorate 1869-1993. Neddermeyer, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-941712-05-8 .

Web links

Commons : Bakov nad Jizerou – Ebersbach railway line  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Bakov nad Jizerou – Jedlová on zelpage.cz
• Děčín – Rumburk on zelpage.cz
• Rumburk – Ebersbach (Sachs) on zelpage.cz
• Timetable 1944
• Data on the Rumburk – Ebersbach line at www.sachsenschiene.de

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Zdeněk Hudec u. a .: Atlas drah České republiky . 2006-2007. Ed .: Verlag Pavel Malkus. 2nd Edition. Pavel Malkus, Praha 2006, ISBN 80-87047-00-1 (Czech).
2. ^ Hans von Polenz: The locomotive machine house in Löbau and the southern Lusatian railway company. Self-published Ostsächsischen Eisenbahnfreunde e. V., Löbau 2009; Pp. 107, 138-140.
3. ^ Hans von Polenz: The locomotive machine house in Löbau and the southern Lusatian railway company. Self-published Ostsächsischen Eisenbahnfreunde e. V., Löbau 2009; P. 142ff.
4. ↑ 1939 timetable of the Deutsche Reichsbahn
5. ↑ Hans von Polenz: The railway from the Spree to Bohemia. Published by the Ostsächsischen Eisenbahnfreunden eV in Löbau 2002
6. ↑ “Obnovení několika železničních tratí v dohlednu” on www.zelpage.cz