Rudolf Bitzan

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Rudolf Bitzan

Rudolf Bitzan (born May 18, 1872 in Wartenberg , Kingdom of Bohemia ; † November 2 or November 22, 1938 in Dresden ) was a German-Bohemian architect who lived and worked in Dresden from 1903. His designs can be assigned to the geometric Art Nouveau and reform architecture of the early 20th century, and some neoclassical echoes can also be seen. His buildings can be found in northern Bohemia as well as in Saxony (in Freital and Dresden) and in Upper Lusatia .

Live and act

Town hall in Freital-Döhlen (1915)

His father Josef Bitzan was a teacher in Reichenberg (Liberec). Rudolf attended secondary school and studied from 1886 to 1890 at the State Trade School in Reichenberg (later Střední průmyslová škola stavební - Secondary School for Construction). Architects Gustav Jirsch (1871–1909), Josef Zasche (1871–1957) and Robert Hemmrich (1871–1946) attended this school at the same time . He then gained practical experience in the construction business of Wilhelm strengze (1851–1902; master builder and specialist in technical buildings) in Friedland (Frýdlant) and from 1897 worked as a master builder.

He then continued his studies at the Technical University of Munich under the prominent architects Gabriel von Seidl (1848–1913) and Carl Hocheder (1854–1917). In 1902 he completed an internship in the architecture office of Hermann Billing (1867–1946) in Freiburg im Breisgau .

From 1903 he lived in Dresden and worked first in the architecture office of Schilling & Graebner and later in the architecture office of William Lossow and Hermann Viehweger (from 1906 Lossow & Kühne ), where he was the main designer. In 1906 he worked on the competition design for the new Leipzig Central Station , which led to a dispute with William Lossow over the authorship of the design, which was awarded one of two first prizes and was executed later.

In 1907 Bitzan undertook a trip to Italy, which was sponsored by the Society for the Promotion of German Science, Art and Literature in Bohemia . Then he opened his own architectural office in Dresden in the house Dürerplatz 15, later in the Marschallstraße 1 (Amalienplatz). The Görlitz architect Gerhard Röhr completed the Kreuzkirche in Görlitz because Bitzan was drafted into the Austrian military when the war broke out in 1914. After the First World War , he built several residential, commercial and administrative buildings as a freelance architect in the town of Freital, which was newly founded in 1921. Together with Otto Wulle and Bruno Just, he was also involved in the construction of the Reick housing estate for the Dresden homestead cooperative .

Rudolf Bitzan always had close ties to the Reichenberg region ; he was married to the daughter of the mayor of Friedland (Bohemia), Anton Aigner (1844–1912).

For the decoration of his buildings he worked with the Dresden artists Josef Goller (1868–1947), Alexander Baranowsky (1874–1941), Georg Türke (1884–1972), Rudolf Born (1882–1969) and Richard Guhr (1873–1956) together.

Bitzan was a member of the Association of German Architects and received numerous awards as well as the Austrian State Prize for Architecture . He died of a heart attack on November 2, 1938. His estate is in the Saxon Main State Archives in Dresden .

Reception in literature

One of the protagonists of the novel: Winterberg's last trip by Jaroslav Rudiš , old Winterberg, was the director of the Liberec crematorium that Rudolf Bitzan had planned.

plant

buildings

  • 1908: Villa Thiele in Neugersdorf , Ernst-Thälmann-Straße 20
  • 1908: Office and commercial building for the publishing house of the newspaper Chemnitzer Latest News in Chemnitz, Annaberger Straße 24 (by Wenzel Bürger with the collaboration of Rudolf Bitzan; preserved with major changes)
  • 1909: Installation of a wine restaurant in the basement of the coffee house "Zum Posthorn" in Liberec (Reichenberg)
  • 1909–1910: Villa for Samuel Glück in Frýdlant (Friedland in Böhmen), Mládeže 907, built by master builder Rudolf Hampel (Friedland), now a house for children and young people (under monument protection ÚSKP no. 101244 )
  • 1911–1912: Möldner & Co.'s house in Liberec-Kristiánov (Reichenberg-Christianstadt), Jappencká 91/20
  • 1912: Villa for Otto Goltze in Liberec-Kristiánov (Reichenberg-Christianstadt), Jappencká 7/22 (under monument protection ÚSKP-Nr. 43952 / 5-5236 )
  • 1912–1913: Villa Grüger in Frýdlant (Friedland in Böhmen), Baarova 930
  • 1913: Water reservoir in the town of Frýdlant v Čechách (Friedland in Bohemia), Březinova
  • 1913–1916: Evangelical Kreuzkirche in Görlitz, Erich-Mühsam-Straße
  • 1914: Erich Funke's office building in Görlitz, Demianiplatz 14
  • 1914–1915: Town hall in Freital-Döhlen, Lutherstrasse
  • 1915–1917: Crematorium and urn grove in Liberec-Perštýn (Reichenberg-Birgstein), U. krematoria 460/7, co-author: Karl Kerl (under monument protection ÚSKP No. 43953 / 5-5237 )
  • 1920: Reick settlement in Dresden-Reick (in collaboration with Schilling & Graebner)
  • 1920–1922: Factory settlement in Višňová (Bohemian Weigsdorf), No. 127–132
  • 1920s: Villa for Josef Florian Ressel in Dolní Řasnice (Rückersdorf), No. 334
  • 1920s: Villa Schwarz in Raspenava (Raspenau), Fučíkova 436
  • 1921: Villa for Emil Simon in Hejnice (Haindorf), Lázeňská 463
  • 1921: House of employees of the PA Šlechta & Son company in Lomnice nad Popelkou , Bezručova 886 (under monument protection ÚSKP No. 102910 )
  • 1923–1924: City center planning for Freital
  • around 1923: Residential and commercial building of the Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse in Freital, Dresdner Straße 203
  • 1924: Commercial and trade school in Freital, Dresdner Strasse 205
  • 1924: City Theater in Teplitz-Schönau (Teplice), later the Erzgebirge Theater (Krušnohorské divadlo), U. Císařských lázní (in collaboration with Adolf Linnebach )
  • 1924: Administration building of the North Bohemian Electricity Works Inc. (NEW) in Děčín-Podmokly (Tetschen-Bodenbach), Teplická 8
  • 1926: Olympia / Oko cinema in Teplice, Masarykova třída 52 (When the cinema was built, the architect Max von Loos , who lived next door, had objections to the roof and height of the building.)
  • 1920s: Reconstruction of the “Hotel de Saxe” in Teplitz - Teplice, Masarykova třída 661/35
  • 1925–1926: Cinema in Nový Bor (Haida), Smetanova 523, opening on Nov. 13, 1926, destroyed by fire in 1981, restored in 1989 (not to be confused with the Nový Bor town theater by Richard Brosche )
  • 1926: Villa Bruno and Fanny Vogelov in Nový Bor (Haida), Smetanova 584
  • 1927: Tax office in Freital, Dresdner Strasse 207
  • 1927–1928: Residential and commercial building of the consumer association “Vorwärts” in Freital, Dresdner Strasse 40–42
  • 1928: Town house in Freital, Dresdner Strasse 209 / Leßkestrasse
  • 1928: multifunctional building with the “Saxinger” cinema in Šumperk (Mährisch Schönberg)
  • 1930: Sudeten German adult education center (now a student residence) in Liberec-Kristiánov (Reichenberg-Königsbuch), Králův háj
  • 1930: Monument to important personalities of the city of Friedland (Frýdlant): Mayor and bank director Heinrich Ehrlich, museum founder Julius Kraus and music teacher Franz Mohaupt ; in the park near the Holy Cross Church (under monument protection [2] )
  • 1931: People's House (Lidový dům) in Liberec (Reichenberg)

drafts

  • 1902: Competition design for a secondary school in Teplitz
  • 1903: Competition design for the theater in Gablonz an der Neisse
  • 1906: Competition design for the Leonhard Tietz AG department store in Düsseldorf
  • 1907: Competition design for the city theater in Aussig
  • 1907: Competition design for the town hall in Döbeln
  • around 1908: Competition design for the Chamber of Commerce building in Dresden

Bitzan took part in various other architectural competitions , e.g. B. for the main station Darmstadt , the main station Karlsruhe , the Städtische Sparkasse in Rumburk , the synagogue in Görlitz and the library in Eger .

Gallery of the completed buildings

  • House Annaberger Strasse 24 in Chemnitz

  • Villa Glück in Frýdlant

  • Villa Otto Goltze in Liberec

  • Kreuzkirche in Görlitz

  • Crematorium in Liberec

  • Villa Ressel in Dolní Řasnice

  • City Theater in Teplice

  • Building of the former electricity works in Tetschen-Bodenbach

  • Cinema Olympia or Oko in Teplice (Teplitz)

  • Cinema in Nový Bor

  • Former tax office in Freital

  • Residential and commercial building in Freital

literature

  • Bruno Bischoff: Bitzan, Rudolf . In: Ulrich Thieme , Felix Becker (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists from Antiquity to the Present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker. tape 4 : Bida – Brevoort . Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1910, p. 74-75 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  • Bitzan, Rudolf . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 1 : A-D . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1953, p. 222 .
  • Jürgen Paul: The Protestant Kreuzkirche in Görlitz and its architect Rudolf Bitzan. In: Nadja Horsch et al. (Ed.): Art and architecture in Central Germany. Thomas Topfstedt on his 65th birthday. (= Leipzig contributions to art history. Volume 6.) Plöttner, Leipzig 2012, ISBN 978-3-86211-055-1 , pp. 160–171.
  • Jaroslav Zeman: S Rudolfem Bitzanem po Euroregionu Nisa. With Rudolf Bitzan through the Euroregion Neisse. Stráž pod Ralskem / Zittau Municipal Museums, 2013. (Czech and German)
  • Lenka Fialová: Architonické typy v díle Rudolfa Bitzana. (German: Architekturformen im Werk von Rudolf Bitzan) Palacky University, Olomouc 2016.
  • Jan Hanzlík, Jana Zajoncová, Lenka Hájková: Teplice - Architektura moderní doby. 1860–2000 (Teplitz: Architecture of the Modern Age. 1860–2000). Národní památkový ústav, ÚOP Ústí nad Labem, 2016, 360 pages, ISBN 978-80-85036-66-4 .
  • Michaela Zamazalová: Liberecké krematorium a osobnost architekta Rudolfa Bitzana (The Reichenberg Crematorium and the Personality of the Architect Rudolf Bitzan) (Czech), Bachelor thesis, Charles University Prague, 2011, 76 pp. ( Online as PDF; accessed June 24, 2020 )

Web links

Commons : Rudolf Bitzan  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rudolf Bitzan. In: arch INFORM ; accessed on January 2, 2018.
  2. ↑ Jürgen Paul: The Protestant Kreuzkirche in Görlitz and its architect Rudolf Bitzan. 2012 (see literature )
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Jaroslav Zeman: With Rudolf Bitzan through the Euroregion Neisse. Stráž pod Ralskem / Zittau Municipal Museums, 2013.
  4. ↑ Liberec-Reichenberg-Rudolf Bitzan (Czech, accessed December 31, 2017).
  5. ↑ Lenka Fialová: Architonické typy v díle Rudolfa Bitzana. Bachelor thesis, Philosophical Faculty, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc 2016. ( [1] PDF, Czech; accessed December 31, 2017).
  6. ↑ Liberecké stopy architekta Bitzana představí v krajské knihovně (Czech, accessed December 31, 2017, In the footsteps of the Liberec architect Rudolf Bitzan).
  7. ↑ Architecture in Northern Bohemia - Life and Work of the Architect Rudolf Bitzan (accessed on May 27, 2020)
  8. ↑ Sächsische Zeitung from 23./24. February 2019, p. M4.
  9. ↑ Architecture in Northern Bohemia - Villa Glück (Czech, accessed December 31, 2017)
  10. ↑ Architecture in Northern Bohemia - Möldner & Co. house (Czech, accessed December 31, 2017)
  11. ↑ Architecture in Northern Bohemia - Villa Otto Goltze (Czech, accessed December 31, 2017)
  12. ↑ Architecture in Northern Bohemia - Crematorium and Urn Grove in Liberec (Czech, accessed December 31, 2017)
  13. ↑ Stanislav Beran: Reichenberg and the history of cremation in Bohemia (accessed on May 6, 2020)
  14. ↑ Dresden districts Reick - Tornaer Straße (accessed on December 31, 2017)
  15. ↑ Architecture in Northern Bohemia - Villa Emil Simon (Czech, accessed December 31, 2017)
  16. ↑ Hans-Georg Lippert: Plannable happiness. (Lecture at TU Dresden) (accessed on December 31, 2017)
  17. ↑ Architecture in Northern Bohemia - Buildings in Teplice (Czech, accessed December 31, 2017)
  18. ↑ The new city theater with spa and city halls in Bad Teplitz-Schönau . In: Wasmuths monthly books for architecture and urban development, vol. 8, 1925, pp. 73–76 ( digitized version ).
  19. ↑ Architecture in Northern Bohemia - former administration building of Nordböhmische Elektrizitätswerke AG (NEW) in Děčín-Podmokly (Czech, accessed on December 31, 2017)
  20. ↑ Kino Olympia in Teplitz (Czech, accessed December 31, 2017)
  21. ↑ Audioteplice - Hotel de Saxe (accessed on August 23, 2018)
  22. ↑ Městské kino Nový Bor (Czech) (accessed March 27, 2019)
  23. ↑ Slavné vily - Nový Bor (Czech) (accessed May 7, 2019)
  24. ↑ Freitas first center. In: Sächsische Zeitung of March 2, 2016 (accessed December 31, 2017)
  25. ↑ Buildings in the center of Freitals. In: Sächsische Zeitung of November 3, 2017 (accessed December 31, 2017)
  26. ↑ Interior cinema Svet in Šumperk (Czech, accessed December 31, 2017)
  27. ↑ Architecture in Northern Bohemia - Liberec student dormitory (Czech, accessed December 31, 2017)
  28. ↑ Architecture in Northern Bohemia - former People's House in Liberec (Czech, accessed December 31, 2017)
  29. ^ Draft for a secondary school in Teplitz (Czech, accessed December 31, 2017)
  30. ↑ Architecture in Northern Bohemia - Theater in Jablonec nad Nisou (Czech, accessed December 31, 2017)
  31. ^ Pazaurek, Gustav Edmund: Rudolf Bitzan . Moderne Baufformen 6 (1907) pp. 308–315, Fig. 53–54 (accessed on January 2, 2018)
  32. ^ Draft for the city theater in Aussig (Czech, accessed December 31, 2017)
personal data
SURNAME Bitzan, Rudolf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bitzan, Rudolph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Bohemian architect
DATE OF BIRTH May 18, 1872
PLACE OF BIRTH Wartenberg , Bohemia
DATE OF DEATH November 2, 1938
Place of death Dresden