1938
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Calendar overview 1938
Map with all linked sites: | 1938 | |
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| 1938 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 1386/87 (turn of the year July) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1930/31 (September 10-11) |
| Baha'i calendar | 94/95 (March 20/21) |
| Bengali solar calendar | 1342/43 (beginning of April 14th or 15th) |
| Buddhist calendar | 2481/82 (southern Buddhism); 2480/81 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 77th (78th) cycle
Year of the Earth Tiger戊寅 ( since January 31st , before that Fire Buffalo ) |
| Chuch'e ideology (North Korea) | Chuch'e 27 |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 1300/01 (turn of the year April) |
| Dangun era (Korea) | 4271/72 (October 2/3) |
| Iranian calendar | 1316/17 (around March 21) |
| Islamic calendar | 1356/57 (March 3-4) |
| Japanese calendar | 昭和Shōwa 13; Koki 2598 |
| Jewish calendar | 5698/99 (September 25-26) |
| Coptic calendar | 1654/55 (September 10-11) |
| Malayalam calendar | 1113/14 |
| Minguo calendar (China) | Year 27 of the republic |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 2248/49 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 2249/50 (turn of the year October) |
| Suriyakati Calendar (Thai Solar Calendar) | 2480/81 (April 1) |
| Tibetan calendar | 1684 |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1994/95 (April) |
Events
Politics and world events
The German Empire and its expansion
"Connection" of Austria
- February 12 : The Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg has to make concessions to the National Socialists at his meeting with Adolf Hitler on Obersalzberg near Berchtesgaden.
- February 15 : In the event of a government reshuffle in Austria, due to the Berchtesgaden Agreement, the two National Socialists Arthur Seyß-Inquart are admitted to the government as security minister and Edmund Glaise-Horstenau as minister without portfolio.
- February 24th : Kurt Schuschnigg invokes Austria's independence in a public speech. On March 9, he announced that a referendum on Austrian independence would be held on March 13 , a coup that was not discussed with his cabinet. Adolf Hitler thereupon orders the mobilization of the 8th Army planned for the invasion and instructs Arthur Seyß-Inquart on March 10th to issue an ultimatum and to mobilize the Austrian party supporters. The referendum is then canceled.
- March 11 : The Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg resigns after an ultimatum from Adolf Hitler . In a radio address, Schuschnigg explains that he “gives way” to violence rather than starting a fight. The National Socialist Arthur Seyß-Inquart forms a new government.
- March 12th : Adolf Hitler lets German Wehrmacht troops march into Austria and, with the so-called Otto company, takes the first step towards joining the German Reich .
- March 13 : With the law on the reunification of Austria with the German Reich , the time of National Socialism begins in Austria . Federal President Wilhelm Miklas refuses to sign the law and resigns. Arthur Seyß-Inquart puts the law into effect as interim head of state.
- March 15 : Adolf Hitler gives a speech in front of tens of thousands of cheering people on Heldenplatz : "As the leader and chancellor of the German nation and the Reich, I now announce the entry of my homeland into the German Reich before German history."
- March 18 : Cardinal Theodor Innitzer approves in a solemn declaration that he and Heil Hitler! signed the connection of Austria.
- April 10 : In the so-called election to the Greater German Reichstag , the NSDAP's unified list officially achieved 99.1% of the votes and thus received all 814 seats in the Reichstag . At the same time as the election there will also be a subsequent referendum on the reunification of Austria with the German Reich . Politicians from all political camps like Karl Renner are campaigning for approval.
- April 23 : Josef Bürckel becomes Reich Commissioner for the reunification of Austria with the German Reich . The name Austria is subsequently replaced by Ostmark .
- May 24th : Odilo Globocnik is appointed Gauleiter for the Reichsgau Vienna . His predecessor Franz Richter is moving to the National Socialist Reichstag as a member.
- September 11th : Ernst Kaltenbrunner is appointed Higher SS and Police Leader Danube.
- October 7th : After the Rosary Festival with Cardinal Innitzer, there is a spontaneous rosary demonstration in front of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna , in which around 6,000 Catholic youth take part. On the evening of October 8th, members of the Hitler Youth storm and devastate the Archbishop's Palace .
Sudeten crisis and break-up of Czechoslovakia
- March 28th : During a conversation in Berlin, Adolf Hitler instructs the leader of the Sudeten German Party , Konrad Henlein , to raise demands of the Czechoslovak government against which it cannot comply. The crisis thus fueled over the Sudetenland ends in the autumn in the Munich Agreement .
- April 21 : Hitler instructs the head of the Wehrmacht High Command , Colonel General Wilhelm Keitel , to prepare a first study for future action against Czechoslovakia .
- April 24th : Konrad Henlein presents the Karlovy Vary program with eight demands to the Czechoslovak government in Karlsbad . In the next two weeks, other ethnic groups will join these demands. Prime Minister Milan Hodža is willing to compromise, while President Edvard Beneš rejects the demands.
- May 21 : The Czechoslovak government orders partial mobilization of the troops.
- May 28 : In anticipation of an imminent attack on Czechoslovakia and a possible reaction from France , Adolf Hitler instructs the inspector general for road construction Fritz Todt to build a German fortress line opposite the French Maginot line. October 1st is set as the completion date for the estimated 5,000 concrete plants. On June 14, Todt received from Hitler the power of attorney to requisition materials and workers for the construction project at his own discretion. The Todt organization began building what would later become known as the West Wall .
- June 1 : In a meeting with the Hungarian ambassador Döme Sztójay , Hermann Göring suggests that Hungary should also make territorial claims to Czechoslovakia.
- June 17 : In a meeting with the Polish ambassador Józef Lipski , Hermann Göring suggests that Poland should also make territorial claims against Czechoslovakia.
- September 17 : On the orders of Hitler , the Sudeten German Free Corps established that in the following weeks at the height of the Sudeten crisis state institutions Czechoslovakia coat.
- September 3 : Hitler gives the Wehrmacht instructions to be ready for the attack on the Sudetenland on September 27.
- Beginning of September: In an internal letter, Edvard Beneš proposes to cede part of the Sudetenland to Germany and at the same time to forcibly relocate a large part of the German-speaking population remaining in Czechoslovakia, around 2.2 million people according to Beneš's rough calculations.
- September 7 : The Times proposes the cession of the Sudetenland in an editorial.
- September 28 : When Adolf Hitler agrees to a conference in Munich on the peaceful settlement of the Sudeten crisis, the September conspiracy within the Wehrmacht collapses.
- September 30th : The heads of government of Great Britain, France, Italy and the German Reich sign the Munich Agreement . With the mediation of the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini , the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and the French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier give their approval for the incorporation of the Sudetenland into the German Empire. Czechoslovakia is not invited to this meeting. The agreement represents a high point in the UK's appeasement policy .
- October 1st : Wehrmacht troops march into the Sudetenland . At the same time Poland occupies the Olsa area around Teschen .
- October 5 : Edvard Beneš resigns as President and flies to London a few days later.
- October 6 : Slovakia declares its autonomy within Czechoslovakia.
- October 31 : Hitler issues a directive for the final destruction of Czechoslovakia and the separation of Slovakia.
The negotiators in Vienna from left: František Chvalkovský , Galeazzo Ciano , Joachim von Ribbentrop , Kálmán Kánya
- November 2 : In the First Vienna Arbitration Award by the Foreign Ministers of Italy and the German Reich, areas with a Hungarian majority in southern Slovakia and Carpathian Ukraine are separated from Czechoslovakia and granted to Hungary .
- November 5 : The Royal Hungarian Army marches into the ceded areas.
- November 22 : The Second Czecho-Slovak Republic is founded with the Autonomy Act .
- November 30th : Emil Hácha is elected President of Czecho-Slovakia by the National Assembly.
- December 4 : In the Sudeten Germans' supplementary election to the Reichstag election in 1938 , the Reichstag receives another 41 seats, all of which go to the NSDAP .
Domestic politics and persecution of the Jews
- January 1st : Due to the increasing number of traffic victims, new traffic regulations come into force. Above all, this includes the absolute right to drive on all roads.
- January 1 : All doctors who are Jewish according to the Nuremberg Laws are excluded from the substitute fund practice in the German Reich, and their medical services are no longer reimbursed by the health insurance companies.
- January 1 : Jews in the German Reich are prohibited from running retail stores and handicraft businesses, and from offering goods and services.
- January 5th : The “ Law on the Change of Family Names and First Names ” forces Jews in Germany to choose their first or second name from a certain, narrowly limited number of “typically Jewish” first and last names.
- January / February : as a result of the Blomberg-Fritsch crisis , there is a major change in the top management of the Third Reich .
- February 5 : The Reich government led by Adolf Hitler meets for the last time for a cabinet meeting.
- April 1st : The Greater Hamburg Law § 2 comes into force: Several municipalities and cities are combined with the free imperial city of Hamburg to form one municipality with the name Hanseatic City of Hamburg .
- May 26 : Laying of the foundation stone for the city of Wolfsburg and the Volkswagen plant.
- July 6th to 15th : At the Évian Conference , representatives from 32 nations meet on the initiative of American President Franklin D. Roosevelt to improve the opportunities for Jews to emigrate from Germany and Austria . Except for Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic , all participating states are refusing to accept more Jewish refugees. Ultimately, the only concrete result of the conference is the establishment of the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees .
- July 22nd : In Germany, with disadvantages for Jews , the ID card is introduced as a domestic ID . The identity card will later replace this photo ID.
- September 27th : In the Fifth Ordinance to the Reich Citizenship Law , Jewish lawyers were withdrawn from November 30, 1938 during the National Socialist era . The already restrictive law of 1933 on admission to the bar had allowed Jewish lawyers in Germany to practice their profession within limits.
- October 6th : The government of Poland decreed that all passports of Poles living abroad will be invalid unless they contain a "Verification Note".
- October 24 : The German Foreign Minister von Ribbentrop proposes an eight-point program to his Polish colleague to solve the German-Polish problems.
- October 27 : The Foreign Office of the German Reich orders the “complete expulsion of all Jews of Polish citizenship”. That same evening, the Gestapo began making arrests in public in Germany. In the “ Poland Action ”, 17,000 Jewish men, women and children are deported to Poland the following night .
- November 7th : The 17-year-old Herschel Grynszpan shoots the German diplomat Ernst Eduard vom Rath . The National Socialists use this attack as a pretext for the Reichspogromnacht.
- November 8th : An attempted assassination attempt by the Swiss Maurice Bavaud on the memorial march to the Munich Feldherrnhalle fails because he cannot get close enough to Adolf Hitler .
After the November pogrom, a column of Jews was taken to Dachau concentration camp for protective custody , Baden-Baden, November 1938
- November 9 to November 10 " Kristallnacht " pogrom against the Jews in Germany and Austria. The fortunes of wealthy Jews are Aryanized , and around 30,000 “ Action Jews ” are deported to concentration camps.
- November 12th : Ordinance to eliminate Jews from German economic life
- November 14 : As part of the reprisals after the November pogroms , Reich Education Minister Bernhard Rust orders the immediate dismissal of Jewish students from state schools. They are prohibited from attending classes.
- November 23rd : The German fire brigades are subordinated to the police across the Reich. It is stipulated that all fire engines are to be marked with blue rotating beacons and a secondary horn .
- December 3 : Ordinance on the use of Jewish assets .
- December 16 : The National Socialists introduce the mother's cross as an award for large mothers . The first awards take place on May 21, 1939.
Switzerland
- January 1st : The liberal Johannes Baumann becomes President of Switzerland .
- February 20 : Romansh becomes the fourth national language in Switzerland .
- December 10th : In Switzerland, the chairman Ernst Leonhardt dissolves the National Socialist Swiss Workers' Party that emerged from the Volksbund . Their rallies and the party newspaper were officially banned a few weeks earlier. A little later he founded the Swiss Society of Friends of an Authoritarian Democracy with the aim of transforming the Confederation into a National Socialist leader state.
- From 1938, the fascist National Front was increasingly monitored by the police as part of the Swiss front movement .
Spanish Civil War
- February 27 : With the victory in the Battle of Teruel , which began on December 15, the nationalists finally succeed in taking the city of Teruel .
- March 6 : The Sea Battle of Cabo de Palos , the greatest naval battle of the Spanish Civil War , ends with a Republican victory.
- March 7th to April 19th : The Aragon offensive brings the nationalists the profit of Aragon, parts of Catalonia and the Levant and, with the breakthrough to the Mediterranean, divides the territory of the government into two parts.
- May 5 : The Vatican recognizes Francisco Franco's government in Spain as legal.
- July 25th to November 16th : The Battle of the Ebro is the last major offensive of the Second Republic and ends with its defeat.
- October 9 : A passenger train is bombed during the air raid on Sant Vicenç de Calders . 60 people are killed in the attack.
- December 23rd : The start of the Catalonia offensive by the Francoist troops heralds the last phase in the Spanish Civil War.
Soviet Union
- 2. / March 13 : In Moscow, which is under Stalinist purges of the third process against the right block and the Trotskyists conducted. Alexei Rykov , Nikolai Bukharin , Nikolai Krestinsky , Genrich Jagoda , Christian Rakowski , Vladimir Ivanov and 15 other officials are charged .
- March 15 : Great terror : Nikolai Bukharin , Alexei Rykov and others sentenced to death in the third Moscow show trial are executed.
Other events in Europe
- January 1st : Amendment of the Danish inheritance law: illegitimate children are treated as legitimate children.
- February 11 : The authoritarian Lithuanian constitution of 1938 is enacted.
- June 25 : The poet Douglas Hyde becomes the first President of Ireland . All political parties have agreed on it.
Sino-Japanese War
- January 1st : Chinese Prime Minister Chiang Kai-shek resigns from office.
- January: Japan begins an offensive in the direction of Wuhan after the failure of negotiations with the Chinese national government in the Second Sino- Japanese War .
House fighting in Tai'erzhuang
- March 24th to April 7th : The Chinese beat back the Japanese troops in the Battle of Tai'erzhuang , breaking the myth of the invincibility of the Japanese. The battle for Xuzhou , which had raged since December last year , was lost in May, but most of the Chinese soldiers escaped the cauldron and the Chinese units were not wiped out. The Chinese have lost around 100,000 soldiers and the Japanese around 30,000.
- May 11th : In the Mongolian- Chinese border area, fighting breaks out between the Mongolian Revolutionary People's Army and the army of the Manchukuo Empire .
- May:
- June 11 : According to an order from the Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek , three Chinese provinces are deliberately flooded by the Yellow River . This is to stop the Japanese troops advancing towards Wuhan . Blasting the levees without warning the civilian population is estimated to cost between 500,000 and a million Chinese lives, destroy 4,000 villages and several cities, and make millions of people homeless.
- July 15 : The attempt by Japan to expand the national territory of its puppet state Manchukuo to the north leads to the Japanese-Soviet border conflict . The Japanese ambassador calls on the Soviet Union to withdraw from two controversial heights in the border area, which the latter rejects. The first fighting broke out on July 29 and the conflict ended on August 11 after the Japanese ambassador asked for peace.
- August 12th : Chongqing becomes the provisional capital of China .
- October 12th : The Japanese conquer Guangzhou .
- October 25 : The Japanese conquer Wuhan .
- December: Wang Jingwei , previous confidante of Chiang Kai-shek and President Lin Sen , flees from Chongqing to Hanoi and starts peace negotiations with the Japanese government , represented by Doihara Kenji .
Other events in Asia
- September 7 : From the Sanjak of Alexandretta , the Republic of Hatay founded.
- December 16 : The government of Phraya Phahon Phonphayuhasena resigns due to a financial scandal . The new Prime Minister of Siams will be Plaek Phibunsongkhram , whom the authoritarian regimes in Germany, Italy and Japan serve as a model.
America
- May 17 : The Naval Expansion Act allows US fleet spending to increase by $ 1 billion in 10 years.
- July 28 : The Brazilian police shot and killed the famous gang leader Virgulino Ferreira da Silva , known as "Lampeão", his wife Maria Bonita and nine other followers in a firefight with Cangaceiros in the northeastern state of Sergipe . The last member of these gangs of outlaws killed in 1940, bringing the time of the later heroised Cangaços ends.
economy
- February 24 : The US company DuPont manufactures the first toothbrushes with nylon bristles.
- March 1st : The South Korean company Samsung is founded as a grocery store by Lee Byung-Chull in Daegu .
- March 4 : The US company Standard Oil of California finds oil in the Damman number 7 well after several months of unsuccessful test drilling in Saudi Arabia . The city of Dammam on the Persian Gulf subsequently becomes an important funding center for the “black gold”.
- March 18 : Mexican President Lázaro Cárdenas del Río has the country's mineral oil companies nationalized and founds the state-owned company PEMEX . Several states, in particular the USA, Great Britain and the Netherlands, which were previously owned by the oil companies, then boycotted Mexican oil. Nevertheless, Mexico will become one of the world's largest oil exporters in the next few years.
- April 1 : Nescafé instant coffee is sold for the first time in Switzerland .
- September 1 : Reich Finance Minister Schwerin von Krosigk warns Hitler in a letter of a "serious financial crisis" or of national bankruptcy.
- September 27 : The world's largest passenger ship for more than half a century , the RMS Queen Elizabeth , is put into service.
science and technology
aviation
- June 20 : Carl Bode flies 230.3 km in his Focke-Wulf Fw 61 helicopter : world record.
- July 10th : The aviation enthusiast Howard Hughes circles the earth in a Lockheed 14 with his companions in 91 hours; it is the fastest circumnavigation of the world to date .
- December 8th : The first and only German aircraft carrier is launched in Kiel . The Graf Zeppelin will not be completed later.
- December 31 : The first civil aircraft equipped with a pressurized cabin , the Boeing 307 Stratoliner , completes its maiden flight .
Natural sciences
- July 6th : Seth Barnes Nicholson discovers Jupiter's moon Lysithea (Jupiter X).
- November 16 : As part of his research on ergot , the Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann produces lysergic acid diethylamide ( LSD ) for the first time .
- December 17th : Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Straßmann discover the fission of uranium , the scientific and technological basis of nuclear energy , at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry in Berlin .
- December 22nd : On the east coast of South Africa, Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer , curator at the Museum of East London , came across a fish caught by a trawler on February 16, 1939 by James Leonard Brierley Smith as Comoros coelacanth , a species that the end of the Cretaceous extinct applicable coelacanth , a so-called " living fossil ", is identified.
Other technical achievements
- October 22nd : Chester Carlson and Otto Kornei make the first photocopy (dry copy ) with the aid of a metal plate that is electrically charged with a cloth, sulfur powder, dust-fine bear moss spores and a wax plate .
- The construction of the Linz Nibelungen Bridge begins.
- Konrad Zuse completes the Zuse Z1 .
Culture
Visual arts
- January 27 to February 14 : The Exposition Internationale du Surréalisme is organized by André Breton and Paul Éluard in the Parisian gallery Beaux-Arts by Georges Wildenstein.
- June 18 : With the Führer's reservation , Adolf Hitler secures first access to confiscated works of art (including looted art ) for his art collection special order Linz .
Movie
- April 20 : Under the title Olympia published Leni Riefenstahl a two-part documentary about the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. The film was subsequently widely praised as an aesthetic masterpiece, but it was also criticized for its propagandistic and ideological elements.
- August 19 : The comedy film Blockheads by Laurel and Hardy is released and received positive reviews.
- September 21 : The crime film Blown Traces by Veit Harlan with Kristina Söderbaum and Frits van Dongen, which has been banned from young people, premieres in Berlin's Gloria-Palast. The script is based on the radio play of the same name by Hans Rothe .
- October 7 : The Lady Vanishes ( The Lady Vanishes ), a comedy thriller by Alfred Hitchcock with Margaret Lockwood and Michael Redgrave , will be premiered in London. Audiences and critics are equally enthusiastic about the film.
- November: The German Film Academy Babelsberg starts its work.
literature
- June: In the US, the first issue appearing Action Comics with the first of Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster designed Superman - comic published by Publications National . The magazine is a phenomenal sales success.
- July 16th bis 3. September : The novel The Code of the Woosters ( Age needle does not rust ) by PG Wodehouse appear in the US for the first time as a serial story in the Saturday Evening Post . The novel will appear in book form for the first time in Great Britain on October 7th , after it was also published in the London Daily Mail from September 14th to October 6th .
- The Italian author Antonio Delfini publishes Il ricordo della Basca ( The Last Day of Youth ), a thematically linked collection of eleven stories .
Music and theater
- January 16 : Benny Goodman gives his famous Carnegie Hall concert . a. Musicians from the bands of Duke Ellington and Count Basie take part.
- May 12 : The world premiere of the cheerful opera Schneider Wibbel by Mark Lothar with the libretto by Hans Müller-Schlösser based on his own comedy of the same name takes place at the State Opera Unter den Linden in Berlin.
- May 21 : Fear and Misery of the Third Reich , a play by the German playwright Bertolt Brecht , premiered in several scenes in Paris.
- May 28 : The world premiere of the opera Mathis der Maler by Paul Hindemith takes place at the Stadttheater Zürich .
- July 24th : Artie Shaw records his hit Begin the Beguine .
In 1938, an Amazon wearing a wreath adorned the special stamp on the occasion of the horse races for The Brown Ribbon of Germany
- July 30th : The third Night of the Amazons takes place in the park of the Nymphenburg Palace , which is illuminated at night .
- October 19 : The world premiere of the musical Knickerbocker Holiday by Kurt Weill with the libretto by Maxwell Anderson takes place at the Ethel Barrymore Theater in New York.
- December 30th : The Prokofiev ballet Romeo and Juliet based on the Shakespeare play of the same name is premiered in Brno.
- December 31 : The operetta season in Salzburg by Fred Raymond is at the Municipal Theater premiered in Kiel. The libretto is by Max Wallner and Kurt Feltz .
broadcast
- The broadcast of Orson Welles's radio play The War of the Worlds based on the novel by HG Wells adapted for radio by Howard Koch on the New York radio station CBS triggers panic reactions in parts of the USA, according to newspaper reports.
Others
- August 25 : The Obelisk of Montevideo , which commemorates the first constitution, is inaugurated in Uruguay's capital on national holiday .
society
- November 7th : After the murder of a taxi driver, the first TV search is broadcast (with Detective Inspector Theo Saevecke on TV station Paul Nipkow ). Although there were only 28 public "television rooms" in Berlin at this point in time, numerous reports were received; the perpetrator is caught.
Disasters
- January 10th : A large amount of ammunition stored in a subway tunnel of the Madrid Metro during the civil war explodes. At least 96 people are killed in the explosion in the Madrid Metro .
- January 27 : The Canada and the United States over the Niagara River across connecting Honeymoon Bridge collapses after the river ice sheets driving the fighters have pushed the bridge.
- After she sent her last radio message on March 12, the German four-masted barque Admiral Karpfanger went missing on her first trip abroad with a crew of 50 in the sea area around Cape Horn .
- May 16 : A head-on collision between a passenger train traveling from Wuhan to Canton near Milokang , Hunan, with a freight train traveling in the opposite direction kills more than 100 people.
- September 21 : A hurricane known as the New England hurricane sweeps across large areas of the east coast of the United States . Between 682 and 800 people are killed.
- September 25 : In the Martorell railway accident , two trains collide head-on at Martorell . About 65 people die. The reasons for the accident are a faulty signal system and a confusing curve.
Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Catastrophe .
Sports
- January 9th : FC Schalke 04 won the Tschammer Cup in 1937 with a 2-1 win against Fortuna Düsseldorf and thus also the double after the championship in 1936/37 .
- January 28 : On the Reichsautobahn Frankfurt – Darmstadt near Mörfelden , racing driver Bernd Rosemeyer is killed while attempting a world record in an Auto-Union racing car : a gust of wind hits the car at around 400 km / h and throws it against a bridge embankment.
- Less than an hour and a half before Rosemeyer's fatal accident, Rudolf Caracciola set a new world speed record with Mercedes-Benz on a normal road of 432.692 km / h.
- April 3 : The " follow-up game " between a German and an Austrian soccer team takes place in the Prater Stadium in Vienna . The team from the “Ostmark”, which plays in red-white-red instead of the traditional black and white dress, wins against the “Altreich” with goals from Matthias Sindelar and Karl Sesta 2-0.
- June 19 : Italy wins the 1938 World Cup in France.
- July 3 : Hannover 96 becomes German soccer champion for the first time.
- July 21 to 24 : First ascent of the Eiger north face by Heinrich Harrer and Fritz Kasparek ( Austria ), Anderl Heckmair and Ludwig Vörg ( German Empire )
- Probably the world's first inline hockey game will be played in Vienna , it was recorded in a weekly report by Giornale Luce on November 3, 1938.
Nobel Prizes
| price | person | country | Reason for awarding the prize | image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nobel Price for physics |
Enrico Fermi (1901–1954) |
 Italy
|
"For the determination of new radioactive elements generated by neutron bombardment and the discovery of the nuclear reactions triggered by slow neutrons in connection with this work " |
|
| Nobel Prize in Chemistry |
Richard Kuhn (1900–1967) (awarded 1939) |
.svg){kind=small} German Empire (born in Vienna , Austria-Hungary )
|
"For his work on carotenoids and vitamins " |
|
| Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine |
Corneille Heymans (1892–1968) (awarded 1939) |
 Belgium
|
"For the discovery of the role of the sinus and aortic mechanisms in breathing regulation" |
|
| Nobel Prize in literature |
Pearl S. Buck (1892-1973) |
 United States
|
"For their rich and genuine epic accounts of Chinese peasant life and for their biographical masterpieces" | |
| Nobel Peace Prize | " Office international Nansen pour les réfugiés " (founded in 1930; closed in 1939) |
 Switzerland
|
( International Nansen Office for Refugees ) |
Born
January
- January 1st : Ertan Adatepe , Turkish soccer player
- January 1 : Vladimir Alexandrov , Soviet physicist and climatologist (disappeared 1985 )
- January 1st : Carlo Franchi , Italian racing car driver
- January 1 : Frank Langella , American actor
- January 2nd : Ian Brady , British serial killer († 2017 )
- January 2nd : Hans Herbjørnsrud , Norwegian writer of short stories and short stories
- January 2 : Goh Kun , South Korean politician
- January 3 : Ove Andersson , Swedish rally driver († 2008 )
- January 3 : Kel Carruthers , Australian motorcycle racer
- January 4th : Jim Norton , Irish actor
- January 4th : Jerzy Witkowski , Polish pianist († 1999 )
- January 5th : Terry Davis , British politician and Secretary General of the Council of Europe
- January 5th : Keith Greene , British racing car driver
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- January 5th : Juan Carlos I , King of Spain
- January 5 : Jim Otto , American football player
- January 5 : Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o , Kenyan writer and cultural scientist
- January 6th : Adriano Celentano , Italian singer and actor
- January 6 : Mario Rodríguez Cobos , Argentine writer († 2010 )
- January 6th : Jozef Golonka , Slovak ice hockey player and coach
- January 6th : Karl-Heinz Kunde , German racing cyclist († 2018 )
- January 7th : Rauno Aaltonen , Finnish rally driver
- January 7 : Christfried Berger , German Protestant theologian († 2003 )
- January 7 : Patrick John , Dominican politician and Prime Minister of Dominica
- January 7th : Rory Storm , British rock musician, singer († 1972 )
- January 7th : Roland Topor , French author, actor and painter († 1997 )
- January 10 : Gary Chapman , American Baptist pastor, anthropologist, counselor, and author
- January 10 : Donald E. Knuth , Professor Emeritus of Computer Science at Stanford University
- January 10 : Samir Khalil Samir , Egyptian scholar of Islam, Semitist, Orientalist and Catholic theologian
- January 10 : Renate Schostack , German journalist and writer († 2016 )
- January 11 : Fischer Black , American economist († 1995 )
- January 11th : Arthur Scargill , founder of the Socialist Labor Party
- January 12 : Qazi Hussain Ahmad , Pakistani theologian and politician († 2013 )
- January 12th : Alan Rees , British racing car driver and team manager
- January 12th : Monika Schindler , German film editor
- January 13 : Daevid Allen , Australian rock musician († 2015 )
- January 13 : Richard Anthony , French singer († 2015 )
- January 13th : Shiv Kumar Sharma , Indian santur virtuoso
- January 14th : Jack Jones , American singer
- January 14th : Dražen Marović , Croatian chess grandmaster
- January 16 : Adolf Beck , Bavarian politician and Member of the Bundestag († 2009 )
- January 16 : Hermann Seimetz , German politician and MdL
- January 18 : Anthony Giddens , British sociologist
- January 18 : Paul G. Kirk , American politician
- January 18 : Werner Olk , German soccer player and soccer coach
- January 19 : Hartwig Henze , judge at the Federal Court of Justice
- January 19 : Manfred Osten , German author and cultural historian
- January 21 : James Patrick Anderton , New Zealand politician († 2018 )
- January 21 : Wolfman Jack , American disc jockey († 1995 )
- January 22nd : Friedrich Müller , German legal scholar and poet
- January 22 : Peter Beard , American photographer, artist and author († 2020 )
- January 22nd : Ekkehard Jost , German musicologist and baritone saxophonist († 2017 )
- January 23 : Peter Aniol , German politician († 2015 )
- January 23 : Georg Baselitz , German painter and sculptor
- January 23 : Bill Duniven , American rock 'n' roll musician († 1999 )
- January 23 : Theo-Ben Gurirab , Prime Minister of the Republic of Namibia († 2018 )
- January 24th : Arndt von Bohlen and Halbach , last member of the Krupp dynasty († 1986 )
- January 24 : Julius Arthur Hemphill , American jazz musician († 1995 )
- January 25 : Etta James , American R&B, blues and gospel singer († 2012 )
- January 25th : Leiji Matsumoto , Japanese mangaka
- January 25 : Vladimir Vysotsky , Russian singer, poet and actor († 1980 )
- January 26th : Carl-Detlev Freiherr von Hammerstein , German politician
- January 26th : Henry Jaglom , English film director, screenwriter. and actors
- January 26th : Klaus Müller , German handball player and coach
- January 28 : Tomas Lindahl , Swedish cancer researcher, Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- January 28 : William Voltz , German writer († 1984 )
- January 29th : Henry Ely , Dominican opera tenor
- January 29th : Kai Hermann , German journalist, publicist and author
- January 30th : Kathrin Ackermann , German actress and voice actress
- January 31st : Beatrix , Royal Highness Princess of the Netherlands
- January 31 : Lynn Carlin , American actress
- January 31 : Eike Reuter , German church musician, regional church music director of Thuringia († 2005 )
February
- February 1st : Rita Nikolajewna Achkina , Soviet cross-country skier
- February 1 : Jimmy Carl Black , American drummer and singer († 2008 )
- February 1 : Horst Bosetzky , German sociologist and writer († 2018 )
- February 2 : Bobby Cruz , Puerto Rican singer and composer
- February 2 : Sergio Ortega , Chilean composer and pianist († 2003 )
- February 3rd : Tony Marshall , German pop singer
- February 4th : Ralph Bellamy , Australian engineer and racing car designer
- February 4 : Martin Greif , American author († 1996 )
- February 4th : Birju Maharaj , Indian singer, choreographer, composer, singer, musician and poet
- February 4 : Peter Schubert , German albanologist and diplomat († 2003 )
- February 5 : Ed Doemland , American composer, organist, jazz pianist and percussionist († 2012 )
- February 5 : John Guare , American playwright
- February 5 : Fritz Kramer , German CDU politician
- February 6 : Ellsworth Milburn , American composer and pianist († 2007 )
- February 7th : Friedrich Karl Barth , pastor and songwriter
- February 11 : Mohamed Gammoudi , Tunisian athlete
- February 11th : Edith Mathis , Swiss soprano
- February 11 : Manuel Noriega , Panamanian dictator († 2017 )
- February 11 : Willy Oliveira , Brazilian composer
- February 11 : Hans-Peter Wirsing , German painter and graphic artist († 2009 )
- February 13 : Carmela Corren , Israeli pop singer
- February 13 : Oliver Reed , British actor († 1999 )
- February 13 : Jan Siebelink , Dutch writer
- February 15 : Gina Romand , Mexican actress and singer
- February 16 : John Corigliano , American composer
- February 17th : Saul Malatrasi , Italian football player
- February 18 : Michel Aglietta , French economist
- February 18 : Louis-Marie Billé , French Archbishop and Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church († 2002 )
- February 18 : Elke Erb , German poet and writer
- February 18 : István Szabó , Hungarian film director
- February 18 : Manfred Wolter , German author and director († 1999 )
- February 19 : Josef Duchač , German politician
- February 19 : Oliver Taylor , Australian boxer
- February 20 : Richard Beymer , American actor
- February 20 : Inge Lønning , Norwegian theologian and politician († 2013 )
- February 20th : Cardinal Paolo Romeo , Archbishop of Palermo
- February 21 : Beryl Franklin Anthony, Jr. , American politician
- February 21 : Lester Bird , Antiguan politician
- February 21 : Dany Mann , German pop singer and actress († 2010 )
- February 22nd : Barry Dennen , American actor († 2017 )
- February 22nd : Karin Dor , German actress († 2017 )
- February 22nd : Christa Luft , German politician, Minister of Economic Affairs
- February 22nd : Predrag Ostojić , Yugoslav chess master († 1996 )
- February 22nd : Artavazd Pelechian , Armenian filmmaker
- February 23 : Alan Ford , British actor
- February 23 : Paul Morrissey , American film director
- February 24 : Jürgen Günther , German comic artist († 2015 )
- February 24 : Philip Knight , economist and entrepreneur
- February 25 : Maryanne Amacher , American composer and improviser († 2009 )
- February 25 : Doris Ebbing , German local politician († 2009 )
- February 25th : Herb Elliott , Australian middle distance runner
- February 25 : Reinhold Wosab , German soccer player
- February 26 : Hans Haid , Austrian folklorist, mountain farmer and dialect poet († 2019 )
- February 26 : Monika Lennartz , German actress
- February 26 : Horst Lohr , German enduro athlete
- February 26 : Mark Sopi , Albanian Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church († 2006 )
- February 28 : Machiel Kiel , Dutch Osmanist
- February 28 : Klaus Staeck , German graphic artist
March
- March 1 : Habib al-Adli , Egyptian politician
- March 1st : Rolf Kramer , German sports reporter and television presenter
- March 1st : Adi Rinner , Austrian composer and conductor
- March 2nd : Pierre Aguet , Swiss politician
- March 2nd : Ricardo Lagos , Chilean President
- March 2 : Egon Matzner , Austrian economist and finance scientist († 2003 )
- March 3rd : Bruno Bozzetto , Italian cartoon animator
- March 3 : Douglas Leedy , American composer, conductor, horn player, harpsichordist, singer and music teacher († 2015 )
- March 4 : Werner Jacob , German organist and composer († 2006 )
- March 4 : Kito Lorenc , Sorbian-German writer, poet and translator († 2017 )
- March 4th : Adam Daniel Rotfeld , Polish politician
- March 5th : Wulf Arlt , German musicologist
- March 5 : Lynn Margulis , American biologist and university professor († 2011 )
- March 5 : Hayden Thompson , American rockabilly and country musician
- March 6th : Anna Absolon , German politician
- March 6 : Nat Indrapana , Thai sports official († 2018 )
- March 7 : David Baltimore , American microbiologist
- March 7th : Albert Fert , French physicist and Nobel laureate in physics
- March 7th : Aristide Guarneri , Italian football player
- March 8 : Friedrich Laux , German prehistorian
- March 8 : Tom Nicholas , American jazz drummer
- March 8 : Giorgio Puia , Italian football player and coach
- March 8 : Vreni Spoerry , Swiss politician
- March 9 : Peter Heusch , German actor, director, radio writer and radio play speaker († 2014 )
- March 9 : Lill-Babs , Swedish pop singer († 2018 )
- March 10 : Carson Baird , American racing car driver
- March 10 : Peter Bossard , Swiss politician and entrepreneur († 2001 )
- March 10 : Ron Mix , American football player and lawyer
- March 11 : Christian Wolff , German actor
- March 13 : Hans-Joachim Hespos , German composer and publisher
- March 13 : Albrecht Schmidt , German lawyer and bank manager
- March 14th : Anar , Azerbaijani writer
- March 14th : Pierluigi Angeli , Italian politician
- March 14th : Günter Harder , German mathematician
- March 14th : Takehisa Kosugi , Japanese violinist, composer, sound, multimedia and installation artist († 2018 )
- March 14 : Angus MacLise , American drummer, composer, poet and visual artist († 1979 )
- March 14 : Barbara Morawiecz , German actress († 2017 )
- March 14 : Glauber Rocha , Brazilian film director († 1981 )
- March 15 : Dieter Hömig , judge at the Federal Constitutional Court († 2016 )
- March 15 : Charles Lloyd , American jazz saxophonist and flautist
- March 15 : Jürgen Schweinbraden , gallery owner and publicist
- March 16 : Gus Anton , German conductor and composer
- March 16 : Ray Pickrell , British motorcycle racer († 2006 )
- March 17th : Rudolf Chametowitsch Nurejew , Russian-Austrian ballet dancer († 1993 )
- March 17 : Keith Patrick O'Brien , Archbishop of St. Andrews and Edinburgh and Cardinal († 2018 )
- March 18 : Álfrún Gunnlaugsdóttir , Icelandic writer
- March 18 : Karin Hausen , German historian
- March 18 : Charley Pride , American country singer
- March 20 : Sergei Petrovich Novikov , Russian mathematician
- March 21 : Karl Kraus , theoretical physicist († 1988 )
- March 21 : Fritz Pleitgen , German journalist and former director of the WDR
- March 23 : Silvano Agosti , Italian film editor and director
- March 23 : Peter Anheuser , German politician († 2016 )
- March 23 : Robert Auld , Scottish soccer player
- March 23 : Federica de Cesco , Swiss writer
- March 24th : Holger Czukay , German musician († 2017 )
- March 24 : David Irving , British historian and Holocaust denier
- March 24th : Steve Kuhn , American jazz pianist
- March 24 : Jimmy Voytek , American country and rockabilly musician († 1980 )
- March 24 : Larry Wilson , American football player
- March 25 : Hoyt Axton , American country musician († 1999 )
- March 25 : Daniel Buren , French painter and sculptor
- March 25th : Fritz d'Orey , Brazilian racing car driver
- March 25 : Dietrich Stobbe , German politician, Governing Mayor of Berlin († 2011 )
- March 26 : Anthony James Leggett , Professor of Physics and Nobel Prize Winner
- March 27 : Hansjörg Schneider , Swiss writer and playwright
- March 28 : Udo Bermbach , German political scientist
- March 28th : Jean-François Piot , French rally and lap track driver († 1980 )
- March 29th : Manuel Monteiro de Castro , Portuguese Curia Cardinal
- March 30 : Klaus Schwab , Swiss economist, founder of the World Economic Forum
- March 31 : Jimmy Johnson , American football player
- March 31 : Dietmar Schlee , German politician († 2002 )
April
- April 2 : Martine Franck , Belgian photographer († 2012 )
- April 2 : Ralf Petersen , German composer († 2018 )
- April 2 : Hans-Michael Rehberg , German actor and director († 2017 )
- April 2nd : Lothar Schünemann , German enduro athlete
- April 3 : Jeff Barry , American singer, composer, songwriter and record producer
- April 4th : Emile Daems , Belgian cyclist
- April 7 : Jerry Brown , American politician and Governor of California
- April 7th : Spencer Dryden , American drummer († 2005 )
- April 7 : Freddie Hubbard , American jazz trumpeter († 2008 )
- April 7th : Justin Metsing Lekhanya , Lesotho politician
- April 7th : Alexander von Schlippenbach , German jazz pianist and composer
- April 8 : Kofi Annan , Secretary General of the United Nations, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate († 2018 )
- April 8 : Thomas Langhoff , German theater director († 2012 )
- April 8 : Günter Schubert , German actor († 2008 )
- April 9 : Viktor Chernomyrdin , Russian politician († 2010 )
- April 10 : Günther Kaunzinger , German organist and university professor
- April 10 : Denny Zeitlin , American jazz pianist and psychiatrist
- April 11th : Eckart Kuhlwein , German politician
- April 11 : Kurt Moll , German opera singer († 2017 )
- April 11th : Franz Nuscheler , German political scientist
- April 12 : Ernst Halter , Swiss writer, translator and editor
- April 12 : Norman Paech , German international lawyer, professor and Member of the Bundestag
- April 13 : Heinz Holecek , Austrian singer, actor, parodist and entertainer († 2012 )
- April 13th : Klaus Lehnertz , German athlete
- April 14 : Bruce Alberts , American biochemist and President of the National Academy of Sciences
- April 14th : Heiner Friedrich , German art dealer and gallery owner
- April 15th : Claudia Cardinale , Italian film actress
- April 15 : Walter Scholz , German trumpeter (folk music)
- April 15 : Manfred Zucker , German chess problem composer († 2013 )
- April 16 : Gabriella Andreini , Italian actress and voice actress
- April 17th : Teddy Parker , German singer and radio presenter
- April 18 : Hannes Androsch , Austrian politician, entrepreneur
- April 18 : Roberto Anzolin , Italian football player († 2017 )
- April 18 : Valentina Jakowlewna Koslowskaja , Russian chess player
- April 19 : Katsuhito Asano , Japanese politician
- April 20 : Betty Cuthbert , Australian athlete († 2017 )
- April 20 : Manfred Kinder , German athlete
- April 20 : René Mazzia , French racing car driver († 2012 )
- April 21 : Nodar Kancheli , Russian civil engineer († 2015 )
- April 22nd : Hans-Hermann Weyer , German title dealer
- April 24 : Michael Koser , German writer
- April 25 : Hubert Anbie , American basketball player for the Harlem Globetrotters
- April 26th : Hudson Austin , Grenadian general and revolutionary
- April 26th : Manuel Blum , Venezuelan computer scientist
- April 26th : Duane Eddy , American guitarist
- April 26 : Ellen Schlüchter , German legal scholar († 2000 )
- April 27th : Reinhard von Schorlemer , German politician
- April 28 : Gerlinde Locker , Austrian actress
- April 29 : Ann Bell , British actress
- April 29 : Alfredo del Mónaco , Venezuelan composer († 2015 )
- April 29 : Klaus-Henning Rosen , German lawyer and journalist
- April 29 : Klaus Voormann , German musician and graphic artist
- April 30 : Fips Asmussen , German comedian and solo entertainer († 2020 )
- April 30 : Larry Niven , American science fiction writer
- April 30 : Jürgen Schmidt , German actor († 2004 )
May
- May 1st : Renate Köhler , German politician (DVU) († 2014 )
- May 1st : Erika Vötzsch , German javelin thrower
- May 2nd : Jacques Bienvenue , Canadian racing car driver
- May 2 : Moshoeshoe II , King of Lesotho († 1996 )
- May 3 : Umar Abd ar-Rahman , Egyptian Islamist († 2017 )
- May 3 : Fernando Arias-Salgado , Spanish diplomat
- May 3rd : Lindsay Kemp , British dancer, pantomime, actor and director († 2018 )
- May 3 : Arístides Incháustegui , Dominican singer († 2017 )
- May 5th : Jerzy Skolimowski , Polish film director and actor
- May 8 : Jean Giraud , French comic artist († 2012 )
- May 10 : Manuel Santana , Spanish tennis player
- May 10 : Marina Vlady , French actress
- May 12 : Andrei Alexejewitsch Amalrik , Russian historian, publicist, writer and dissident († 1980 )
- May 13 : Giuliano Amato , Italian politician; Prime Minister
- May 13 : Horst Tappe , German photographer († 2005 )
- May 14th : Clive Rowlands , Welsh rugby player and coach
- May 15 : Mireille Darc , French actress († 2017 )
- May 16 : Monique Laederach , Swiss writer and literary critic († 2004 )
- May 16 : Albrecht Müller , German economist, publicist and politician (SPD)
- May 16 : Ivan Sutherland , American pioneer of computer graphics
- May 18 : Erich Arndt , German table tennis player
- May 18 : Ole Haldrup , German doctor and Limerick author
- May 18 : Jan Málek , Czech composer
- May 19 : Moisés da Costa Amaral , East Timorese politician († 1989 )
- May 19 : Horst Jonischkan , German actor († 1979 )
- May 20th : Christina Baas-Kaiser , Dutch speed skater
- May 20 : Rainer Basedow , German actor and cabaret artist
- May 20th : Hanna Eigel , Austrian figure skater
- May 20 : Astrid Kirchherr , German photographer and artist († 2020 )
- May 21 : Urs Widmer , Swiss writer († 2014 )
- May 22 : Alain Gagnon , Canadian composer and music teacher († 2017 )
- May 22nd : Klaus Reichert , German Anglicist
- May 23 : Gisela Babel , German politician and Member of the Bundestag
- May 23 : Klaus Dahlen , German actor († 2006 )
- May 23 : Daniel Humair , Swiss jazz drummer
- May 24th : Georges Andrey , Swiss historian
- May 24 : Johnny Angel , American rocker
- May 24 : Prince Buster , Jamaican ska musician († 2016 )
- May 24th : Tommy Chong , actor and musician
- May 24 : Prince Buster , Jamaican ska musician († 2016 )
- May 24th : Franz Kaspar , German theologian
- May 24th : Kai Simons , Finnish physician and biochemist
- May 25 : Raymond Carver , American short story and poem writer († 1988 )
- May 25 : John Davies , New Zealand middle distance runner († 2003 )
- May 26 : Günter Augustat , German soccer player
- May 26 : William Bolcom , American composer
- May 26 : Jaki Liebezeit , German drummer († 2017 )
- May 26th : Teresa Stratas , Canadian soprano of Greek descent
- May 26 : Peter Westbury , British racing car driver († 2015 )
- May 27th : Igor Arkadyevich Saizew , Russian chess grandmaster
- May 27 : Christian Federico von Wernich , German-Argentinian priest
- May 28 : Jerry West , American basketball player
- May 28 : Eppie Wietzes , Canadian racing car driver († 2020 )
- May 30th : Konrad Krauss , German actor
- May 30 : Hanns-Ekkehard Plöger , German lawyer and notary († 2005 )
- May 30th : Peter Riebensahm , German athlete
- May 31 : John Prescott , British politician, Deputy Prime Minister
June
- June 1 : Carlo Cardinal Caffarra , Archbishop of Bologna († 2017 )
- June 2nd : Désirée Silfverschiöld , Swedish princess
- June 3 : Johannes Anderegg , Swiss Germanist and literary scholar
- June 4th : Ulrich Grasnick , German author
- June 5 : Karin Balzer , German athlete († 2019 )
- June 7th : Wolfram Angerbauer , German archivist († 2011 )
- June 7th : Joel Blahnik , American composer and teacher
- June 8th : Angelo Amato , Italian religious priest and cardinal to the Curia
- June 9 : Charles Wuorinen , American composer († 2020 )
- June 10 : Hans-Joachim Girlich , German mathematician († 2018 )
- June 10 : Alexander von Stahl , German lawyer
- June 11 : Peter Eigen , German lawyer
- June 11th : Doris Fuchs-Brause , American gymnast
- June 11 : Stu Martin , American jazz drummer († 1980 )
- June 13 : Utz Aichinger , German hockey player
- June 14 : Roberto Antonelli , Italian actor
- June 14 : Julie Felix , American folk rock singer († 2020 )
- June 14 : Ewald Kooiman , Dutch musician († 2009 )
- June 15th : Tony Oxley , British drummer
- June 16 : Michael Culver , British actor
- June 16 : Joyce Carol Oates , American writer
- June 18 : Michael Sheard , British actor († 2005 )
- June 19 : Karl Moik , Austrian TV presenter and entertainer († 2015 )
- June 20 : Leeman Bennett , American football coach
- June 20th : Dennis Budimir , jazz guitarist
- June 22nd : Peter Griese , German science fiction author († 1996 )
- June 22nd : Virginio De Paoli , Italian football player and coach († 2009 )
- June 24th : Klaus Angermann , German sports journalist
- June 26 : Neil Abercrombie , American politician
- June 26 : Eric George Adelberger , American experimental nuclear and gravitational physicist
- June 26 : Bernd Mühleisen , German handball player
- June 27 : Bruce Babbitt , American politician
- June 27 : Konrad Kujau , painter, forger of Hitler's diaries († 2000 )
- June 28 : Gerhard Dickel , church music director, cantor, organist and music professor († 2003 )
- June 28 : Leon Panetta , American politician
- June 29th : Giampaolo Menichelli , Italian football player
- June 29 : Rolf Peffekoven , German financial scientist († 2019 )
- June 30th : Chris Hinze , Dutch jazz musician
- June 30th : Billy Mills , American long distance runner
July
- July 2nd : Marcel Artelesa , French football player († 2016 )
- July 2nd : David Owen , UK Foreign Secretary, EU Special Envoy for the Balkans
- July 2 : Manfred Sondermann , German cartoonist
- July 2nd : Hauke Strübing , German radio presenter and editor
- July 3 : John Heard , American jazz bassist and visual artist
- July 4th : Robert Abrams , American politician
- July 4th : Ernest Pieterse , South African racing car driver († 2017 )
- July 4th : Bill Withers , American singer and songwriter († 2020 )
- July 7 : Franco Andolfo , Italian-Austrian entertainer, pop singer and composer († 2012 )
- July 7th : Jan Assmann , German Egyptologist, religious scholar, cultural scientist and emeritus
- July 8 : Siegfried Hornung , German politician
- July 8 : Günter Lüttge , German politician († 2000 )
- July 9 : Brian Dennehy , American actor († 2020 )
- July 9 : Sanjeev Kumar , Indian film actor († 1985 )
- July 10 : Paul Andreu , French engineer, architect and author († 2018 )
- July 10th : Hans Peter Hallwachs , German film actor
- July 10 : Christoph Lindert , German actor († 2005 )
- July 10 : Paul Stremler , French racing car driver († 1894 )
- July 12 : Jürgen Christoph Volker Ludwig Aschoff , German neurologist, university professor and writer
- July 13 : Helga Königsdorf , German mathematician and writer († 2014 )
- July 13 : Myroslaw Skoryk , Ukrainian composer († 2020 )
- July 13 : Michael Verhoeven , German film director
- July 14 : Jerry Rubin , American social activist († 1994 )
- July 14 : Moshe Safdie , Israeli-Canadian-American architect
- July 15th : Enrique Figuerola , Cuban athlete and Olympian
- July 16 : Piero Antinori , Italian winemaker
- July 16 : Frank Hoffmann , German-Austrian actor
- July 17th : Franz Alt , German journalist and book author
- July 17 : Hartmut Bagger , German General and Inspector General of the Bundeswehr
- July 18 : Buschi Niebergall , German musician († 1990 )
- July 18 : Renzo Pasolini , Italian motorcycle racer († 1973 )
- July 18 : Jan Stanisław Skorupski , Polish poet
- July 18 : Ian Stewart , British pianist († 1985 )
- July 18th : Paul Verhoeven , Dutch film director
- July 19 : Kurt van Haaren , Chairman of the German Postal Union († 2005 )
- July 19 : Vakhtang Kikabidze , Georgian film actor and singer
- July 19 : Dom Moraes , Indian writer, poet and journalist († 2004 )
- July 20 : Aslan Abashidze , Ajarian President
- July 20 : Diana Rigg , British actress
- July 20 : Heinz Strehl , German soccer player († 1986 )
- July 20 : Natalie Wood , American actress († 1981 )
- July 21 : Les Aspin , US politician and secretary of defense († 1995 )
- July 21 : Francesco Gioia , Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church
- July 21 : Hermann Schulz , German writer and publisher
- July 21 : Karlheinz Wagner , German enduro athlete
- July 22nd : Terence Stamp , British actor
- July 23 : Juliet Anderson , American porn actress († 2010 )
- July 23 : Ronny Cox , American actor and singer
- July 23 : Götz George , German actor († 2016 )
- July 24 : José João Altafini , Brazilian soccer player
- July 24 : Eugene James Martin , American artist († 2005 )
- July 25 : Marie-Luise Nikuta , German dialect singer († 2020 )
- July 26th : Lothar Böhme , German painter
- July 26th : Joanne Brackeen , American jazz pianist and university professor
- July 27 : Isabelle Aubret , French singer
- July 27 : Gary Gygax , American game designer († 2008 )
- July 27 : Jerry Juhl , American screenwriter († 2005 )
- July 28 : Alberto Fujimori , Peruvian politician and President of Peru (1990–2000)
- July 28th : Chuan Leekpai , Thai statesman, Prime Minister
- July 29 : Enzo G. Castellari , Italian director
- July 29th : Walter Gillik , German bobsleigh driver
- July 29 : Peter Jennings , American journalist († 2005 )
- July 29th : Klaus Töpfer , German politician
- July 30th : Dia Succari , French composer and music teacher of Syrian origin († 2010 )
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August
- August 1st : Georges Kahhalé Zouhaïraty , Syrian bishop in Venezuela
- August 1 : Bernward Vesper , German writer, political activist and publisher († 1971 )
- August 2 : Brunhilde Hendrix , German athlete († 1995 )
- August 2 : Friedhelm Konietzka , German soccer player († 2012 )
- August 3rd : Ingrid Caven , German chanson singer and actress
- August 4th : Mapita Cortés , Puerto Rican actress († 2006 )
- August 4 : Kurt Jaworski , German manager and author († 2014 )
- August 4th : Simon Preston , English organist, conductor and composer
- August 4th : Bernd Wiesemann , German composer, pianist, music teacher and conceptual artist († 2015 )
- August 6 : Rudolf Avenhaus , German physicist and statistician
- August 6th : Alain Levié , French racing car driver
- August 7th : Ludwig Valentin Angerer , German architect, painter, sculptor and author
- Aug 7 : Helen Caldicott , Australian medical doctor, author and anti-nuclear activist
- August 7th : Giorgio Giugiaro , Italian industrial designer
- August 8 : Jacques Hétu , Canadian composer († 2010 )
- August 9 : Leonid Kuchma , Ukrainian politician
- August 9 : Rod Laver , Australian tennis player
- August 9 : Clarisse Nicoïdski , French writer († 1996 )
- August 9 : Otto Rehhagel , German soccer coach and player
- August 9 : Micheline Coulombe Saint-Marcoux , Canadian composer († 1985 )
- August 9 : Robert Zollitsch , 14th Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Freiburg
- August 10 : Grit Boettcher , German actress
- August 10 : Antje Hagen , German actress
- August 11th : Najat Essaghira , Egyptian actress and singer
- August 12 : Emiliano Fabbricatore , Italian Roman Catholic abbot and theologian († 2019 )
- August 13 : Dave Cortez , American R&B musician and organ player
- August 13 : Oscar Ghiglia , Italian guitarist
- August 15 : Ottavio Cinquanta , Italian sports official
- August 16 : Corinna Genest , German actress in television and theater
- August 16 : Rocco Granata , entertainer and pop singer
- August 16 : Werner Hansch , German sports journalist
- August 17th : Abu Bakar Bashir , Indonesian Islamist
- August 17 : Hubert Markl , German zoologist, behavioral scientist and science manager († 2015 )
- August 20 : Anne Cameron , Canadian writer and screenwriter
- August 20 : Kaneaster Hodges , American politician
- August 21 : Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino , 39th President of Panama
- August 21 : Kenny Rogers , American country singer and actor († 2020 )
- August 21 : Wolfgang Wiltschko , zoologist and behavioral scientist
- August 22 : Jens-Rainer Ahrens , German politician
- August 22nd : Keith Ward , British philosopher, theologian, Anglican priest and author
- August 24 : Elmar Altvater , German political scientist († 2018 )
- August 24th : Mason Williams , American guitarist and composer
- August 25 : Frederick Forsyth , British writer
- August 26th : Marcello Avallone , Italian film director
- August 26th : Erwin Schmider , German enduro athlete
- August 28 : Hans-Peter Kirchhof , judge at the Federal Court of Justice
- August 28 : Paul Martin , Canadian politician, Prime Minister
- August 28 : Mario Martiradonna , Italian football player († 2011 )
- August 29 : Elliott Gould , American actor
- August 29 : Hermann Nitsch , Austrian painter
- August 29 : Alberto Pagani , Italian motorcycle racer († 2017 )
- August 29 : Roy Pike , American racing car driver and entrepreneur
- August 30 : Lee Kinsolving , American actor († 1974 )
- August 30 : Abel Laudonio , Argentine boxer († 2014 )
- August 31 : Martin Bell , British news anchor and politician
- August 31 : "Spider" John Koerner , American singer, guitarist and songwriter
- August 31 : Wieland Kuijken , Belgian viola da gamba player and cellist
September
- September 1 : Virginia Aldridge , American actress and screenwriter
- September 1 : Alan M. Dershowitz , American publicist
- September 1 : Per Kirkeby , Danish painter († 2018 )
- September 1st : Guy Kirsch , Luxembourg economist and social scientist
- September 2 : Giuliano Gemma , Italian actor († 2013 )
- September 2 : Ursula Lillig , German actress († 2004 )
- September 3 : Caryl Churchill , English playwright
- September 4th : Michel Rateau , French composer
- September 5 : Piotr Lachert , Polish composer, pianist and poet († 2018 )
- September 8 : Wolfgang Bötsch , German politician († 2017 )
- September 8 : Wibke Bruhns , German journalist († 2019 )
- September 8 : Larry Dickson , American racing car driver
- September 8 : Louis Mahoney , British actor († 2020 )
- September 9 : Henri-Claude Fantapié , French conductor
- September 11th : Perry Anderson , British historian
- September 12 : Anne Helm , actress
- September 13 : Janusz Głowacki , Polish writer († 2017 )
- September 13 : John Smith , British politician († 1994 )
- September 14 : Heide Buscher , German literary historian
- September 14 : Kakuei Kin , Japanese writer († 1985 )
- September 15 : Rudolf Ahlswede , German mathematician († 2010 )
- September 15 : Rafael Osuna , Mexican tennis player († 1969 )
- September 16 : Gerd Peter Werner , German politician and alternative practitioner († 2019 )
- September 17th : Dilip Chitre , Indian writer († 2009 )
- September 19 : Alain Serpaggi , French racing car driver
- September 20 : Pia Lindström , Swedish journalist
- September 20 : Gilda Mirós , American actress, radio and television producer and writer of Puerto Rican origin
- September 21 : Atli Heimir Sveinsson , Icelandic composer and conductor († 2019 )
- September 21 : Yūji Takahashi , Japanese composer and pianist
- September 22 : Dean Reed , American actor, rock 'n' roll star and country singer († 1986 )
- September 23 : Pierre Kröger , German painter and graphic artist
- September 23 : Maria Perschy , Austrian film actress († 2004 )
- September 23 : Romy Schneider , German-French actress († 1982 )
- September 24 : Steve Douglas , American rock saxophonist († 1993 )
- September 25 : Neville Lederle , South African racing car driver († 2019 )
- September 25th : Giuseppe Merisi , Italian priest, Bishop of Lodi
- September 25 : Bill Owens , American photographer and brewer
- September 26 : Egon Eigenhaler , commercial artist and politician
- September 27th : Günter Brus , Austrian action artist and painter
- September 27th : Sharifa Fadel , Egyptian actress and singer
- September 27 : Mo Nunn , English engineer and motorsport team owner († 2018 )
- September 28 : Charles Richard Ashcraft , American political scientist († 1995 )
- September 28 : Metschyslau Hryb , President of Belarus
- September 28 : Ben E. King , Afro-American soul singer († 2015 )
- September 29 : Wim Kok , Dutch politician, Prime Minister 1994–2002 († 2018 )
- September 29 : Stefano Stefani , Italian politician
- September 29th : Michael Stürmer , German historian
- September 30th : Gerd Aberle , German economist
- September 30th : Walter Aufhammer , German crop scientist and university professor
- September 30th : Dieter Hundt , German entrepreneur
- September 30th : Kees Vlak , Dutch composer and musician († 2014 )
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October
- October 1 : Leo Cella , Italian motorcycle, rally and automobile racing driver († 1968 )
- October 1st : Les Scheinflug , Australian football player and coach
- October 1 : Gerhard Schwenzer , German theologian
- October 1 : Stella Stevens , American actress
- October 2 : Günther Storck , Catholic priest and sedisvakantist bishop († 1993 )
- October 3 : Eddie Cochran , American rock 'n' roll star († 1960 )
- October 3 : Gerhard Waibel , German aircraft designer
- October 4 : Mark Levine , American jazz pianist and trombonist
- October 4th : Willi Schulz , German soccer player
- October 4th : Kurt Wüthrich , Swiss chemist
- October 5 : Horst Heinrich , Bavarian politician († 2002 )
- October 6 : Peter Gosse , German poet, prose writer and essayist
- October 7th : Ann Haydon-Jones , British tennis and table tennis player
- October 8 : Sonny Barger , founder of the Hells Angels
- October 8 : Bronislovas Lubys , Lithuanian industrialist and politician († 2011 )
- October 8 : Yukitsuna Sasaki , Japanese poet and literary scholar
- October 8 : Fred Stolle , Australian tennis player
- October 9 : Heinz Fischer , Austrian Federal President
- October 9 : Gunter Kahlert , German conductor and music teacher
- October 9 : Arno Wyzniewski , German actor († 1997 )
- October 10 : Alan Bradley , Canadian writer
- October 10 : Philippe Léger , French lawyer and advocate general at the ECJ
- October 10 : Daidō Moriyama , Japanese photographer
- October 10 : Horst Rehberger , German politician
- October 13 : Christiane Hörbiger , Austrian actress
- October 14 : John Dean , Richard Nixon's legal advisor
- October 14 : Farah Diba , Empress of Iran
- October 14th : Melba Montgomery , American country musician
- October 15 : Rafael Aponte-Ledée , Puerto Rican composer
- October 15 : Marie-Luise Scherer , German writer and reporter
- October 16 : Nico , German model and singer († 1988 )
- October 17 : Norm Gerrard Armstrong , Canadian ice hockey player († 1974 )
- October 17 : Evel Knievel , American motorcycle stuntman († 2007 )
- October 18th : Guy Roux , French football coach
- October 19 : Renata Adler , American journalist and writer
- October 19 : Eugenio Montejo , Venezuelan poet and essayist († 2008 )
- October 19 : Jörn Rüsen , German historian and cultural scientist
- October 20 : Bärbel Wachholz , German singer († 1984 )
- October 22 : Claus Hipp , German entrepreneur
- October 22 : Derek Jacobi , British actor
- October 22 : Christopher Lloyd , American actor
- October 23 : Henry John Heinz III , American Senator († 1991 )
- October 23 : Eugenio Fascetti , Italian football player and coach
- October 24 : Fernand Goyvaerts , Belgian football player († 2004 )
- October 24 : Walter Kappacher , Austrian writer
- October 24th : Odean Pope , American jazz musician
- October 24 : Jörg Schröder , German publisher and writer († 2020 )
- October 25 : Michael Buselmeier , German writer
- October 25 : Basile Georges Casmoussa , Iraqi Catholic Archbishop
- October 25 : Claude Minière , French poet and essayist
- October 26 : Wolfgang Behrendt , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
- October 26 : Filippo De Luigi , Italian director
- October 26 : Wilfried Scharnagl , German journalist and politician († 2018 )
- October 27 : Elliot del Borgo , American composer and professor († 2013 )
- October 27 : Maurice Hinchey , American politician († 2017 )
- October 27th : Edda Moser , German singer
- October 28th : Keigo Abe , Japanese karateka († 2019 )
- October 28 : Dieter Holzapfel , German politician
- October 28 : Bernadette Lafont , French theater and film actress († 2013 )
- October 28 : Anne Perry , British writer
- October 28 : Jim Post , American folk singer, singer-songwriter, writer, and actor
- October 28th : Volker Schneller , German handball player and handball trainer
- October 28 : Jan-Jürgen Wasmuth , German composer and church musician
- October 29 : Ralph Bakshi , American film director
- October 29 : Wilbert McClure , American boxing Olympic champion († 2020 )
- October 29 : Peter Krassa , Austrian author († 2005 )
- October 29 : Gerhard Neuser , German soccer player († 1993 )
- October 30 : Werner Lensing , German politician and Member of the Bundestag († 2020 )
- October 31 : Henning Scherf , German politician
November
- November 1 : Marcel Rüedi , Swiss mountaineer († 1986 )
- November 2 : Pat Buchanan , American politician, journalist
- November 2 : Lutz von Rosenstiel , Professor of Organizational and Business Psychology († 2013 )
- November 2nd : Sophia of Greece , Queen of Spain
- November 3 : Wolfgang Gerber , judge at the Federal Court of Justice
- November 3 : Terrence McNally , American playwright († 2020 )
- November 4th : Salvatore Morale , Italian athlete
- November 5 : Joe Dassin , French singer († 1980 )
- November 5 : César Luis Menotti , Argentine football player and coach
- November 6 : Joachim Starck , German judge at the Federal Court of Justice
- November 7 : Barry Newman , American actor
- November 7th : Sigitas Tamkevičius , Archbishop of Lithuania, Cardinal
- November 8th : Pedro D. Arigo , Filipino priest
- November 8th : Louis Kébreau , Haitian religious priest and archbishop
- November 8 : Murtala Mohammed , military dictator, President of Nigeria († 1976 )
- November 9 : Richard Eckert , German politician
- November 10 : Eberhard Rinne , judge at the Federal Court of Justice from 1986 to 2003
- November 11 : Ants Antson , Estonian speed skater and sports official († 2015 )
- November 11th : Narvel Felts , American country and rockabilly musician
- November 11 : Lloyd Miller , American musician and ethnomusicologist
- November 12th : Richard May , British lawyer and politician. International Criminal Court († 2004 )
- November 12 : Benjamin William Mkapa , Tanzanian politician († 2020 )
- November 12 : Mort Shuman , American songwriter and singer († 1991 )
- November 13 : Herbert Ammer , German football player († 2011 )
- November 13 : Jean Seberg , American actress († 1979 )
- November 14 : Karla Schneider , German writer
- November 16 : Robert Nozick , American philosopher († 2002 )
- November 17th : Juan Azúa , Chilean conductor († 2006 )
- November 17th : Gordon Lightfoot , Canadian folk musician
- November 18 : Karl Schranz , Austrian ski racer
- November 19 : Ted Turner , American media entrepreneur
- November 20 : Richard Aoki , American civil rights activist († 2009 )
- November 22nd : Gunter Schmidt , German sex researcher
- November 23 : Herbert Achternbusch , German writer, director and painter
- November 24 : Oscar Robertson , American basketball player
- November 24th : Francisco Rodríguez , 42nd President of Panama
- November 24 : Charles Starkweather , American serial killer († 1959 )
- November 25 : Hans Brenner , Austrian actor († 1998 )
- November 26 : Samuel Bodman , American politician († 2018 )
- November 26th : Porter Goss , American politician
- November 26th : Rich Little , Canadian comedian
- November 26th : Luisa Valenzuela , Argentine writer and journalist
- November 26th : Hans Georg Wagner , German politician
- November 27th : Neil W. Ashcroft , British solid state physicist
- November 29th : Eberhard Hertel , German singer
- November 30th : Jean Eustache , French film director († 1981 )
- November 30 : Tomislav Ivančić , Croatian theologian († 2017 )
December
- December 1st : Carlos Garnett , American jazz saxophonist
- December 1st : Toni Schumacher , German soccer goalkeeper
- December 3 : Claude Lapointe , French children's book illustrator
- December 3 : José Serebrier , Uruguayan conductor and composer
- December 3 : Werner Thissen , German theologian, Archbishop of Hamburg
- December 3 : Gernot Weser , German motorcycle racer († 2015 )
- December 4 : Dimitri T. Analis , Greek writer and diplomat († 2012 )
- December 4 : George Eyre Andrews , American mathematician
- December 5th : Alois Brandstetter , Austrian writer and philologist
- December 5 : JJ Cale , American musician and composer († 2013 )
- December 5th : Julius Natterer , German engineer
- December 5th : Heidi Schmid , foil fencer
- December 5 : JD McDuffie , American NASCAR racing driver († 1991 )
- December 6th : Patrick Bauchau , Belgian actor
- December 8 : John Agyekum Kufuor , President of Ghana
- December 9 : Deacon Jones , American football player († 2013 )
- December 9 : William Thomas McKinley , American composer, jazz pianist and music teacher († 2015 )
- December 11 : Gerd Cintl , German rower and Olympic champion († 2017 )
- December 11 : Sonja Kurowsky , German TV announcer and presenter († 2017 )
- December 11 : McCoy Tyner , American jazz pianist († 2020 )
- December 12th : Luis "Artillero" Artime , Argentinian soccer player
- December 13 : Joachim Dorfmüller , German musicologist and organist
- December 13 : Heiner Kappel , German pastor and politician
- December 13th : Heino , German pop singer and singer
- December 14 : Leonardo Boff , Brazilian theologian
- December 15 : Klaus Hänsch , MEP for the SPD
- December 15 : Billy Shaw , American football player
- December 15 : Juan Carlos Wasmosy , President of Paraguay
- December 16 : Simon Yussuf Assaf , Lebanese priest and poet († 2013 )
- December 16 : Frieder Nake , German mathematician, computer artist
- December 16 : Liv Ullmann , Norwegian actress, director
- December 17 : John Semmelink , Canadian ski racer († 1959 )
- December 17th : Peter Snell , New Zealand athlete († 2019 )
- December 18 : Chas Chandler , British musician, record producer († 1996 )
- December 19 : Heinrich August Winkler , German historian
- December 21 : Felix Huby , German journalist, screenwriter and writer
- December 21 : Manfred Schneider , German manager
- December 22 : Lucas Abadamloora , Ghanaian bishop († 2009 )
- December 22nd : Ursula Apel , German Hermann Hesse researcher
- December 22nd : Lucien Bouchard , Canadian politician
- December 22 : Georg Gölter , German politician, Member of the Bundestag, Member of the Bundestag
- December 22nd : Brian Locking , British musician, (The Shadows)
- December 23 : Robert E. Kahn , American computer scientist
- December 23 : Siegfried Rauhut , German enduro athlete
- December 24th : Hartmuth Arenhövel , German theoretical nuclear physicist
- December 24th : Mesías Maiguashca , Ecuadorian composer
- December 25th : Ivonne Haza , Dominican soprano
- December 25 : Günter Mäder , German football player († 2018 )
- December 25th : Jens Winther , Danish racing car driver
- December 26th : José Luis Alcaine , Spanish cameraman
- December 26 : Eberhard Gwinner , German ornithologist and behavioral scientist († 2004 )
- December 27th : Rolf Wolfshohl , German racing cyclist
- December 28th : Hans Werner Aufrecht , German entrepreneur
- December 29th : Bart Berman , Dutch pianist
- December 29 : Jon Voight , American actor
Exact date of birth unknown
- David Allen Aaker , American economist
- Alain Abbott , French accordion player and composer
- Sidi Mohamed Ould Cheikh Abdallahi , Mauritanian politician
- Antonia Arslan , Armenian archaeologist and professor of modern and contemporary Italian literature
- Ahmed Ben Cheikh Attoumane , Comorian politician
- Azriel Auerbach , Israeli rabbi and Posek
- Sid Auffarth , German architect, urban planning historian and author
- Carlo Ausino , Italian filmmaker
- Bobby Brown , American rockabilly and rock 'n' roll musician
- Peter Bundschuh , German mathematician
- Robin JS Cooke , Australian volcanologist († 1979 )
- Jere Hutcheson , American composer and music educator
- David Kantilla , Australian football player († 1978 )
- Laurence Lesser , American cellist and music teacher
- Sheila Moore , Canadian actress
- Christiane Olivier , French psychoanalyst and book author
- Joachim Raschke , German political scientist
- Eleanor Rosch , American psychologist
- Michael Rüth , German actor and voice actor
- Michel Ruhl , French actor
- Bill Schermbrucker , Canadian writer and university professor of Kenyan origin
- Siegfried Schoenbohm , German opera director († 2006 )
- Gisela Zenz , German legal scholar and psychologist
Died
January February
- January 1 : Enrique Reoyo , Spanish librettist (* before 1900)
- January 3 : Arturo Berutti , Argentine composer (* 1858 )
- January 5 : Karl Scharfenberg , German railway engineer (* 1874 )
- January 5th : Karel Baxa , Czech lawyer, politician and first mayor of Prague (* 1863 )
- January 8 : Friedrich von Kalitsch , German forester (* 1858 )
- January 8 : Christian Rohlfs , German painter (* 1849 )
- January 14th : Hans von Ramsay , German officer and explorer (* 1862 )
- January 18 : Alexandre Georges , French organist, music teacher and composer (* 1850 )
- January 19 : Rosa Mayreder , Austrian women's rights activist (* 1858 )
- January 20 : Erik Carl Emanuel Åkerberg , Swedish composer (* 1860 )
- January 21 : Georges Méliès , originally a magician, important figure in early cinema (* 1861 )
- January 21 : Mary Wurm , English pianist, composer and music teacher (* 1860 )
- January 22nd : Richard Franck , German composer and pianist (* 1858 )
- January 24th : Robert Franz Arnold , Austrian literary historian and librarian (* 1872 )
- January 25 : William Slavens McNutt , American screenwriter and writer (* 1885 )
- January 27 : Max Oscar Arnold , German entrepreneur and politician (* 1854 )
- January 28 : Bernd Rosemeyer , German racing driver (* 1909 )
- January 29 : Johannes Werthauer , German lawyer and criminal law reformer (* 1866 )
- January: Gertrude Aretz , German historian (* 1889 )
- February 1 : Julian Arendt , German writer (* 1895 )
- February 2 : Friedrich Adler , Austrian writer (* 1857 )
- February 3 : George Auriol , French lyric poet, songwriter, graphic artist and artist (* 1863 )
- February 5 : Hans Litten , German lawyer and criminal defense attorney (* 1903 )
- February 5 : Ernst Theodor Haux , German entrepreneur (* 1863 )
- February 6 : Marianne von Werefkin , Russian painter (* 1860 )
- February 8 : Nicholas of Greece , Greek Prince (* 1872 )
- February 9 : Hermann Ludwig Kutzschbach , German conductor and music teacher (* 1875 )
- February 10 : Alexander Jakowlewitsch Arosew , Russian-Soviet writer, politician and diplomat (* 1890 )
- February 12 : Paolo Troubetzkoy , Italian-Russian sculptor (* 1866 )
- February 13 : Karl Ludwig Schemann , German writer, translator and racial researcher (* 1852 )
- February 14 : Arthur Eloesser , German journalist and literary historian (* 1870 )
- February 16 : Otto zur Linde , German writer (* 1873 )
- February 18 : Edward Anseele , Belgian politician (* 1856 )
- February 18 : Leopoldo Lugones , Argentine poet and essayist (* 1874 )
- February 19 : Edmund Landau , German mathematician (* 1877 )
- February 19 : Gottlob Krause , German traveler to Africa (* 1850 )
- February 21 : Wilhelm Lütgert , German Protestant theologian (* 1867 )
- February 21 : George Ellery Hale , American astronomer (* 1868 )
- February 22nd : Miguel Llobet , Spanish guitarist and composer (* 1878 )
March
- March 1 : Gabriele D'Annunzio , Italian writer (* 1863 )
- March 6 : Joseph Arend , German politician (* 1885 )
- March 7th : Juan Bautista Massa , Argentine composer (* 1885 )
- March 7 : James BA Robertson , American politician (* 1871 )
- March 13 : Clarence Darrow , American lawyer (* 1857 )
- March 15 : Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin , Russian politician, Marxist economic theorist and philosopher (* 1888 )
- March 16 : Egon Friedell , Austrian writer, philosopher, actor (* 1878 )
- March 17th : Ernst Deutsch-Dryden , Austrian graphic and fashion designer (* 1887 )
- March 18 : Cyril Rootham , English composer (* 1875 )
- March 21 : Omer Letorey , French composer and organist (* 1873 )
- March 22nd : Hermann Schubert , German politician (* 1886 )
- March 23 : Thomas Walter Scott , Canadian politician (* 1867 )
- March 24th : Eduard Ameseder , Austrian painter (* 1856 )
- March 27 : William Stern , German psychologist, founder of differential psychology (* 1871 )
- March 30th : Norbert Lichtenecker , Austrian geographer (* 1897 )
- March 31 : Jacobus Marinus Janse , Dutch biologist (* 1860 )
April
- April 1 : Richard Du Moulin-Eckart , German historian (* 1864 )
- April 1st : Rafaela Serrano Rodríguez , Cuban pianist and music teacher of Spanish origin (* 1862 )
- April 7th : Suzanne Valadon , French painter (* 1865 )
- April 8 : Franja Tavčar , Slovenian women's rights activist (* 1868 )
- April 10 : Joe King Oliver , American cornet player (* 1885 )
- April 12 : Johannes Thienemann , German ornithologist (* 1863 )
- April 16 : Steve Bloomer , English football player (* 1874 )
- April 22nd : Robert Seitz , German writer (* 1891 )
- April 23 : Eric Fernihough , British motorcycle racer (* 1905 )
- April 23 : Elisabeth Tombrock , founder of the Order of Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception (* 1887 )
- April 25 : August Luchs , German classical philologist (* 1849 )
- April 26 : Rafael Arnáiz Barón , Trappist, mystic (* 1911 )
- April 26 : Erich Kühn , German writer and editor (* 1878 )
- April 27 : Edmund Husserl , Austro-Prussian philosopher (* 1859 )
May June
- May 4th : Kanō Jigorō , Japanese teacher, founder of the martial art Judo (* 1860 )
Carl von Ossietzky as a prisoner of the Nazi regime in Esterwegen concentration camp (1934)
- May 4 : Carl von Ossietzky , German editor and publisher, Nobel Peace Prize laureate and victim of National Socialism (* 1889 )
- May 11 : Friedrich Knutzen , German politician (* 1881 )
- May 15 : Gheorghe Marinescu , Romanian neurologist and neuropathologist (* 1863 )
- May 15 : Eugenio Siena , Italian racing car driver (* 1905 )
- May 16 : László Hartmann , Hungarian racing car driver (* 1901 )
- May 16 : Friedrich Springorum , German manager and industrialist (* 1858 )
- May 19 : Adolf Schlatter , Swiss Protestant theologian (* 1852 )
- May 22nd : Jacob Wackernagel , Swiss classical philologist and Indo-Europeanist (* 1853 )
- May 26 : John Jacob Abel , American biochemist (* 1857 )
- May 28 : Diedrich Speckmann , German writer (* 1872 )
- May 30th : Raden Soetomo , Indonesian doctor (* 1888 )
- May 31 : Ludwig Hermann , German chemist and entrepreneur (* 1882 )
- June 1 : Ödön von Horváth , Austro-Hungarian writer (* 1901 )
- June 3 : Marion Butler , American politician (* 1863 )
- June 4 : John Flanagan , American policeman, track and field athlete and Olympic participant (* 1873 )
- June 13 : Charles Édouard Guillaume , Swiss-French physicist (* 1861 )
- June 15 : Ernst Ludwig Kirchner , German painter (* 1880 )
- June 19 : Henry W. Keyes , American politician (* 1863 )
- June 20 : Liselotte Herrmann , German resistance fighter and victim of National Socialism (* 1909 )
- June 20 : David Ogden Watkins , American politician (* 1862 )
- June 22 : Vladimir R. Đorđević , Serbian musicologist and ethnologist (* 1869 )
- June 25 : Nikolai Sergejewitsch Trubetzkoy , Russian linguist (* 1890 )
July August
- July 4th : Jean-Baptiste Dubois , Canadian cellist, conductor and music teacher (* 1870 )
- July 5 : Otto Bauer , Austrian politician (* 1881 )
- July 9 : H. Benne Henton , American saxophonist (* 1877 )
- July 11 : Ynes Mexia , Mexican-American botanist and explorer (* 1870 )
- July 13 : Emil Kirdorf , German industrialist (* 1847 )
- July 18 : Marie of Edinburgh , Queen of Romania (* 1875 )
- July 20 : Alois Scheiwiler , Bishop of St. Gallen (* 1872 )
- July 24 : Obadiah Gardner , American politician (* 1852 )
- July 24 : Carl Ferdinand Friedrich Lehmann-Haupt , German ancient orientalist and ancient historian (* 1861 )
- July 27th : Thomas Crean , Irish polar explorer (* 1877 )
- July 29 : Pawel Dybenko , Russian revolutionary and Soviet officer (* 1889 )
- July 30th : Eva Adelheid von Arnim-Fredenwalde , German writer (* 1863 )
- August 2 : Edmund Duggan , Australian actor and playwright (* 1862 )
- August 2 : Fritz Held , German entrepreneur and racing car driver (* 1867 )
- August 4 : Rudolf G. Binding , German writer (* 1867 )
- August 4th : James Black , American politician (* 1849 )
- August 4th : Heinrich Held , Bavarian Prime Minister (* 1868 )
- August 6 : Joseph Fifer , American politician (* 1840 )
- August 7th : Rochus Schmidt , Prussian officer and colonial pioneer (* 1860 )
- August 7th : Konstantin Stanislawski , Russian drama teacher (* 1863 )
- August 9 : Leo Frobenius , German ethnologist (* 1873 )
- August 12 : Ludwig Borchardt , German architect and archaeologist (* 1863 )
- August 14 : Landon Ronald , English conductor, music teacher and composer (* 1873 )
- August 15 : Nicola Romeo , Italian engineer and entrepreneur (* 1876 )
- August 16 : Robert Johnson , American musician (King of the Delta-Blues) (* 1911 )
- August 16 : Andrej Hlinka , Slovak priest, politician and nationalist leader (* 1864 )
- August 17th : Wage Rudolf Soepratman , composer of the Indonesian national anthem (* 1903 )
- August 18 : Antoinette Szumowska-Adamowska , Polish pianist and music teacher (* 1868 )
- August 23 : Bálint Kuzsinszky , Hungarian archaeologist (* 1864 )
- August 26 : Migjeni , Albanian poet (* 1911 )
- August 29 : Béla Kun , Hungarian politician (* 1886 )
September October
- September 2 : Ángel Arocha Guillén , Spanish footballer (* 1907 )
- September 3 : Bart de Ligt , Dutch theologian, author and anarchist (* 1883 )
- September 4th : Paul Arbelet , French Romance studies and Stendhal specialist (* 1874 )
- September 6th : Johnny Hindmarsh , British automobile racing driver and aviator (* 1907 )
- September 8 : Alfons Maria Augner , Swiss Benedictine monk (* 1862 )
- September 10 : Johannes Angern , Prussian major general (* 1861 )
- September 13 : Samuel Alexander , British philosopher (* 1859 )
- September 14th : Adam Karrillon , German doctor and writer (* 1853 )
- September 14th : Dionys Schönecker , Austrian football player, trainer and functionary (* 1888 )
- September 15 : Gustav Karl Wilhelm Aubin , German-Austrian economist and economic historian (* 1881 )
- September 15 : Ferdinand Hueppe , German physician and first President of the DFB (* 1852 )
- September 15 : Thomas Wolfe , American poet (* 1900 )
- September 17 : Murakami Kijō , Japanese poet (* 1865 )
- September 18 : Ole Hjellemo , Norwegian composer (* 1873 )
- September 22nd : Karl Brunner , German ethnologist (* 1863 )
- September 25 : Paul Olaf Bodding , Norwegian missionary and linguist (* 1865 )
- September 28 : Joseph Hayes Acklen , American politician (* 1850 )
- September 28 : Edgar Atzler , German physiologist (* 1887 )
- October 2 : André Lagache , French racing car driver and first winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans 1923 (* 1885 )
- October 2 : Ferdinand Schrey , co-founder of shorthand (* 1850 )
- October 5 : John Alfred McDowell Adair , American politician (* 1864 )
- October 7th : Hermann Köhl , German aviation pioneer, first to cross the Atlantic in an east-west direction (* 1888 )
- October 11 : Hermann Rodewald , German agricultural scientist (* 1856 )
- October 13 : Elzie Segar , American comic artist (* 1894 )
- October 15 : Adolf Hamm , German organist (* 1882 )
- October 17 : Karl Kautsky , theoretician of German and international social democracy (* 1854 )
- October 17 : Lily Alice Lefevre , Canadian poet (* 1853 )
- October 17 : Aleksander Michałowski , Polish pianist, music teacher and composer (* 1851 )
- October 20 : Herbert Berg , German automobile racing driver (* 1910 )
- October 21 : Henry Heitfeld , American politician (* 1859 )
- October 24 : Ernst Barlach , German sculptor (* 1870 )
- October 27 : Lascelles Abercrombie , English writer (* 1881 )
November December
- November 9 : Wassili Blücher , Marshal of the Soviet Union (* 1889 )
- November 9 : Ernst Eduard vom Rath , German diplomat and embassy secretary (* 1909 )
- November 10 : Mustafa Kemal Ataturk , state founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey (* 1881 )
- November 11th : Josiah O. Wolcott , American lawyer and politician (* 1876 )
- November 14th : Max Götze , German criminal (* 1891 )
- November 14th : Walter Götze , German criminal (* 1902 )
- November 16 : Frank D. Jackson , American politician (* 1854 )
- November 16 : Abbas Mirsa Sharifsade , Azerbaijani actor (* 1893 )
- November 19 : Remigio Renzi , Italian organist, composer and music teacher (* 1857 )
- November 21 : Leopold Godowsky , Polish-American pianist and composer (* 1870 )
- November 23 : Eduard Engel , German literary historian and stylist (* 1851 )
- November 27th : Otto Dempwolff , German linguist and folklorist (* 1871 )
- November 29 : Durk van Blom , Dutch economist (* 1877 )
- November 30th : Corneliu Zelea Codreanu , Romanian nationalist and leader of the Iron Guard (* 1899 )
- December 3 : Antonia Pozzi , Italian poet (* 1912 )
- December 4 : Jacob Astor , German politician (* 1867 )
- December 8 : Károly Aszlányi , Hungarian writer, playwright and journalist (* 1908 )
- December 8 : Friedrich Glauser , Swiss writer (* 1896 )
- December 10 : Paul Morgan , Austrian actor (* 1886 )
- December 12th : Theodor Heller , Austrian curative educator (* 1869 )
- December 14th : Maurice Emmanuel , French composer (* 1862 )
- December 16 : Adelheid von Bennigsen , German women's rights activist (* 1861 )
- December 22nd : Maximilian Graf von Wiser , German ophthalmologist (* 1861 )
- December 24th : Carl Miele , designer and industrialist (* 1869 )
- December 24th : Bruno Taut , German architect and urban planner (* 1880 )
- December 25 : Theodor Fischer , German architect and urban planner (* 1862 )
- December 25 : Karel Čapek , Czech journalist (* 1890 )
- December 26th : Irene von Chavanne , Austrian alto singer (* 1863 )
- December 26th : Max Eckert-Greifendorff , German geographer (* 1868 )
- December 27 : Susan Macdowell Eakins , American painter, photographer and New Woman (* 1851 )
- December 27 : Ossip Mandelstam , Russian poet (* 1891 )
- December 27 : Émile Vandervelde , Belgian politician (* 1866 )
Exact date of death unknown
- Carl Arend , German architect (* 1870 )
- Pyotr Andreyevich Arzinov , Russian anarchist (* 1887 )
- Papa Charlie Jackson , American blues musician (* 1890 )
- Enayat Khan , Indian sitar and surbahar player (* 1894 )
- Elmina Moissán , Chilean painter (* 1897 )
- Esteban Peña Morell , Dominican composer (* 1894 )
Web links
Commons : 1938 - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
- Chronicle 1938 on Living Virtual Museum Online
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Esibizioni con speciali pattini a rotelle a Vienna" video of the Giornale Luce on YouTube.