Inline hockey
Inline hockey is a sport in which two teams of five players each (four field players and one goalkeeper ) play against each other. The object of the game is to shoot the puck with the stick into the opponent's goal and thereby score a goal. The team that has scored the most goals after the end of the playing time (twice 25 minutes) wins. The sport emerged from ice hockey and shares with it essential properties, rules and equipment .
The sport is organized on an international level by World Skate (formerly: FIRS ) and the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF).
history
The spread of the two-lane roller skate led to the sport of roller hockey , consequently there was no inline hockey for a long time, although it would have been technically possible to use single-lane roller skates. Inline skater hockey developed from roller hockey.
precursor
One of the oldest examples of the sport is a film from the newsreel Giornale Luce from November 3, 1938. It shows an inline hockey game near the Vienna Opera, played on inline skates with steel wheels and equipment for players and playing fields such as it was common in European ice hockey at the time.
Establishment
Time and again, inline skates were designed as a summer training device for ice hockey players, but they could not establish themselves on the mass market. Very similar to today's inline hockey skates was, for example, the product of the company Super Skate by Morris L Silver (patent: US3880441A) from 1973, which was called "Tandem roller hockey skate". The "Speedy" system was offered by SKF in 1978, there were rollers for the street and for hockey.
It was not until 1979, with the founding of today's Rollerblade company by ice hockey player Scott Olson, that success began, which also replaced the two-lane roller skates. A street hockey scene was created, comparable to street football . The first professional league started in the USA and Canada with Roller Hockey International , followed by the first World Cup in Chicago in 1995.
Among the earliest inline hockey initiatives in Germany that still exist today are the Blue Arrows from Sasbach, Baden-Wuerttemberg and the inline hockey department of the TG Hanau in Hesse, both of which date back to 1994. In 1998, the first German was in Karlsruhe Championship held, Neu-Isenburg defeated Hanau 2-0. Its popularity continued to increase, particularly in the second half of the 1990s, so that the sport in Germany was sometimes viewed as a "trend sport".
distribution
The spread of the sport is interrelated with ice hockey and the interest in practicing the sport regardless of the presence of ice rinks, this is reflected in its popularity in the USA, Canada and the Czech Republic. The United States has the Professional Inline Hockey Association , the National Roller Hockey League, and the Major League Roller Hockey .
It is already foreseeable today that in the long term the popularity would increase in regions where there are far fewer ice surfaces, for example in Italy, Spain, South Africa and Namibia. France is considered the strongest nation in Europe in terms of play.
Inline hockey in Germany
About a year after the founding of the first clubs, national leagues started in 1995, and the sport has been practiced at federal level since 1998. The then Rollsportbund (now DRIV) did not feel responsible for inline skating, possibly saw it as a competition to its roller hockey (later inline skater hockey) offer. Other initiatives took its place: The Hessian Ski Association founded the Hessian Inline Hockey League (HIHL and DIHB German Inline Hockey Association) and the German Ice Hockey Association (DEB) continued to found the German Inline Hockey League (DIHL) the German Inline Association (DIV) was created. The Rollsportbund responded by renaming it to the German Rollsport and Inline Association (DRIV) and declared that it was responsible for inline skating and inline hockey.
Finally, the DIV joined the DRIV and the German Ice Hockey Association, the German Inline Hockey League , combined its offer with the IHD-Bundesliga (Inlinehockey-Bundesliga) of the German Roller Sports and Inline Association (DRIV).
The inline hockey festival has been held in Düsseldorf every year since 1997. In Mellendort there is the “Veltins Inline Cup” for hobby teams (previously “Wolters Inline Cup and before that Gilde Cup”). The IIHF World Championships have already taken place several times in Germany, including in Nuremberg and in 2013 in Dresden .
Although there is a wide range of offers, ranging from school sports to national and national leagues, and demand is there (for example, "The Players League" in Mannheim has 17 inline hockey clubs), not least because of the limited media coverage Almost unknown to the public, even the IIHF-WM is affected.
The DRIV is recognized by World Skate (formerly: FIRS) and provides teams for international matches recognized by the International Olympic Committee .
In addition to the sports committee (specialist division) for inline hockey, the DRIV also has one for inline skater hockey. This sport is more widespread than inline hockey at national level, on the one hand because it is older (coming from roller hockey), but above all because pucks are not allowed in most gyms in Germany, but inline skater hockey (with ball) is practiced in them can.
Inline hockey in Switzerland
Swiss-German clubs make no difference in the term and also call the sport of inline skater hockey inline hockey. The game is mainly played on playing fields of 60 × 30m or 40 × 20m. Only in exceptional cases are there intermediate ones. The associations are organized separately. While there is only one 60 × 30m association in Switzerland, there are various associations in the 40 × 20m area. The different leagues:
- SIHV Swiss Inline Hockey Association (Swiss Association on 40 × 20m playing fields with ball)
- IHS Inline Hockey Switzerland (Swiss association on 60 × 30m playing fields with puck)
- RIHL Regional Inline Hockey League (Regional League, Greater Lucerne)
- FSHBR Fédération Skater Hockey Broyard (Regional Winter League, French-speaking Switzerland)
- Swiss Inline Hockey Trophy (winter championship on 60 × 30m playing fields)
Status: December 12, 2009
Inline hockey in Austria
The inline hockey league of the Vienna Ice Hockey Association (WIHL) is divided into two classes and, unlike the ÖRSV league, is played with a puck and on the size of an ice hockey field. Furthermore, the ice hockey association organizes a national league, in which ice hockey players from the higher divisions are represented. | The inline skater hockey sector in Austria is organized by the ISHA (Inline Skaterhockey Austria). There are three classes: the Austrian Bundesliga, the national league, which is also operated across Austria, as well as the national league, which is, however, divided regionally. There is currently a regional league for Vienna / Lower Austria, one for Burgenland / Styria and one in Upper Austria. As of July 28, 2011
Competitions
- See also: Inline Hockey World Championship
Just as the national championships are organized by different associations, different world championships are also held by the different international sports federations. On the one hand, World Skate (formerly FIRS) organizes world championships for women and men, on the other hand the International Ice Hockey Federation IIHF world championships for men.
So far, European championships, as well as junior and women's world championships and continental championship cups have only been held by FIRS. At least the junior world championships and the cup tournaments of the national champions of Europe and South America are already being planned at the IIHF.
Only Worldskate is recognized by the International Olympic Committee as a carrier of inline hockey, which is why a national team was put together by DRIV for the World Games organized by the IOC , in which inline hockey has been represented since 2005.
Game principle and equipment
Inline hockey is played by two teams , each with 4 field players and a goalkeeper. The playing time is 2 × 25 minutes or 4 × 12 minutes.
The aim of the game is to get the puck into the opponent's goal more times than the opponent manages. These are located in the middle of the two short sides of the playing field. They are guarded by a special player from the respective team, the goalkeeper . The other players on each team are called field players .
The smaller number of players in contrast to ice hockey, with an insignificantly smaller area, increases the probability of goals, and there are neither offside nor unauthorized exemptions. Inline hockey, however, is much more physically demanding due to the friction on the asphalt.
Special protective equipment is required to prevent injuries . Since the goalkeepers are exposed to an increased risk from the shots fired at the goal, they have even more comprehensive protective equipment.
playing area
There are three playing surface sizes: there is the 60 × 30 m playing field, the 50 × 25 playing field (also with the 1.25 m high surrounding ice hockey board) and the smaller 40 × 20 playing field. Deviations in between are possible as long as the 1: 2 aspect ratio is maintained. The deviations have historical reasons: The largest playing field results from the request to create a follow-up offer on defrosted or disused ice rinks after ice hockey, while the smallest corresponded to the infrastructure of other sports. New playing fields are usually laid out in 50 × 25 dimensions.
The flooring is made of wood, plastic or cement. The floor covering can also be laid in polypropylene plastic in the form of perforated individual tiles (dimensions, 300 × 300 × 14 mm each) Fine asphalt with a grain size of 0 - 5 mm was also used in the past, whereby these fields were often subsequently covered with an epoxy coating .
puck
The puck is made of hard rubber and weighs approx. 100–120 grams, the dimensions are 7.50 - 8 cm (3 "- 3'1") in diameter and 2 - 2.54 cm (¾ "-1") in material thickness. The IIHF has only specified "dark" as the color and uses a black puck in their international matches and competitions, while red pucks have prevailed in the European leagues.
The biggest difference to the ice hockey puck is the texture of the surface, on which there are 6 sliding cams on both sides to reduce friction on solid surfaces, which wear off over time. This design principle was patented in the USA in 1971 and 1987. The “Franklin Commander” from the USA, which weighs 110 grams, and the “Stilmat” from the Czech Republic, which weighs 100 grams, are widely used. Various pucks are available as licensed products e.g. B. from the IIHF, the NHL, the RHI and the IHD available, in the unlicensed versions these are usually cheaper. The pucks may not be used by the manufacturer at a room or outside temperature below 10 ° C. The inline hockey pucks are not to be confused with the pucks for dry training in ice hockey, such as the "Green Biscuit Snipe", which are also available.
Inline skates
Hockey skates consist of a hard lace-up shoe with a hard toe, which has been adopted from ice hockey and where the inline rail is mounted instead of the runner. Manufacturers of ice skates such as Bauer and CCM each offer parallel models to the ice skates, but there are also brands specializing in inline hockey, including Mission , Tour and Labeda .
The first inline hockey skates had rails with 4 identical wheels on each shoe (there is only a three-wheel version for small Bambini sizes) with a diameter of 72, 76 or 80 mm, meanwhile the "Hi-Lo" has established itself -Configuration of two low rollers at the front and two higher rollers at the rear, this was patented on July 12, 1996 by Jon G Wong in the USA and marketed by Mission . There are now also rails with a "Tri-Di" option, which allows three roller sizes to be mounted on one rail, e.g. B. in the configuration 80-76-76-72 mm. With the different sizes, the heel is a little higher and the player comes in a light template to implement an optimal start. In general, unlike the soft boots, there is no brake pad. Inline hockey wheels are much softer than road wheels and therefore have more abrasion, there are different ones for indoor and outdoor use.
Trivia
- As the longest inline hockey game in the world, the match between the Scorpions from Otjiwarongo in Namibia and a selection from the Namibian Inline and Ice Hockey Association was recorded in the Guinness Book of Records on February 7, 2014 . The game lasted a total of 27 hours and 31 seconds.
- 3–4% of all patents that have ever been granted for inline hockey articles go to Bauer Hockey , and around 2% to CCM Hockey (and its predecessors).
literature
Web links
- Inlinehockey Germany (Sports Commission in the DRIV)
- German Ice Hockey Federation (sports association with inline hockey area)
- Inline Hockey Switzerland (IHS, 60x30, puck)
- Swiss Inline Hockey Association (FSIH * SIHV * SIHF, 40x20, ball)
- Inline Skaterhockey Austria
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Esibizioni con speciali pattini a rotelle a Vienna" video of the Giornale Luce on Youtube.
- ↑ Example: Christoph Zimmermann: The role of events in the spread of trend sports, p. 75. 2000
- ↑ https://www.iihf.com/IIHFMvc/media/Downloads/Rule%20Book/IIHF_INLINE_Rule_Book_2015-18_web.pdf Rule 1041 in the IIHF Official Inline Rule Book 2015-18
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento from June 29, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Article of the Frankfurter Neue Presse
- ↑ https://www.ihd-inlinehockey.de/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/IHD_Spielregel_2014.pdf
- ↑ https://www.ihd-inlinehockey.de/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/IHD_Spielregel_2014.pdf
- ↑ https://www.iihf.com/IIHFMvc/media/Downloads/Rule%20Book/IIHF_INLINE_Rule_Book_2015-18_web.pdf Rule 1045 in the IIHF Official Inline Rule Book 2015-18
- ↑ https://patents.google.com/patent/US3784204A/en
- ↑ https://patents.google.com/patent/US5149096A/en
- ↑ http://blog.inlina.com/2012/03/08/a-brief-history-of-hi-lo-inline-skates/ accessed on August 17, 2018
- ↑ World record recognized: Inline hockey game in the Guinness Book. Allgemeine Zeitung Namibia, February 11, 2014 , accessed on February 12, 2014.
- ↑ Source: Google Patents z. B. at https://patents.google.com/?q=inline&q=hockey&oq=inline+hockey