1877
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Calendar overview 1877
Map with all linked pages: | 1877 | |
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 European part of the Ottoman Empire |
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 is crushed. |
 a map of the canals of Mars he discovered . |
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| 1877 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 1325/26 (July turn of the year) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1869/70 (10/11 September) |
| Baha'i calendar | 33/34 (20/21 March) |
| Bengali solar calendar | 1282/83 (beginning of the year April 14 or 15) |
| Buddhist calendar | 2420/21 (Southern Buddhism); 2419/20 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 76th (77th) cycle
Year of the Fire Ox 丁丑 ( at the beginning of the year Fire Rat 丙子) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 1239/40 (April turn of the year) |
| Dangun era (Korea) | 4210/11 (October 2nd/3rd) |
| Iranian calendar | 1255/56 (around March 21) |
| Islamic calendar | 1293/94 (15/16 January) |
| Japanese calendar |
Meiji 10 (
明治10年); Koki 2537 |
| Jewish calendar | 5637/38 (September 7th/8th) |
| Coptic calendar | 1593/94 (10/11 September) |
| Malayalam calendar | 1052/53 |
| Rumi Calendar (Ottoman Empire) | 1292/93 (March 1) |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 2187/88 (April turn of the year)
Syria: 2188/89 (October turn of the year) |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese calendar) | 1933/34 (April) |
events
politics and world affairs
Asia
- January 1: Queen Victoria of Great Britain becomes Empress of India . On this occasion, the multi-day Delhi Durbar is held.
- September 24: Defeat at the Battle of Shiroyama to approaching government forces ends the Satsuma Rebellion of the samurai in Japan .
Europe
Satirical Map of Europe , Fred W. Rose
- 1 January: Joachim Heer becomes President of Switzerland .
- January 10: In the Reichstag elections in the German Empire , the conservatives win seats at the expense of the liberal parties. The Social Democrats are also successful.
- January 15: In the Treaty of Budapest , the major powers Russia and Austria-Hungary come to an agreement on Balkan issues . No Greater Slavic state is to be created there and Austria-Hungary is granted Bosnia and Herzegovina . In return, the Danube Monarchy is neutral in the event of an armed conflict between Russia and the Ottoman Empire . Shortly thereafter, the Russo-Turkish War broke out, which only ended with the Peace of San Stefano .
- January 27: The court constitution law passed serves the purpose of standardizing the regulations on ordinary jurisdiction in the German Reich .
- March 31: Just before the outbreak of the Russo-Ottoman War , the major European powers sign the London Protocol .
- April 24: Russia submits its declaration of war on the Ottoman Empire .
- May 9 Romania gains independence from the Ottoman Empire.
- June 15: In the Kissinger Dictate , the German Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck , lays down the main features of his policy on the Balkan crisis.
- June 27: Another Turkish War against the Ottoman Empire begins with Russian troops crossing the Danube .
- December 14: Serbia joins Russia's struggle against the Ottoman Empire.
America
- March 2: The electoral commission set up to review the ballot count for the disputed 1876 presidential election decides that voters in three southern states, who tip the scales , have voted for the Republican candidate. Rutherford B. Hayes is therefore inaugurated as President of the United States three days later .
- March 5: US President Rutherford B. Hayes is also publicly inaugurated as the 19th US President after taking the oath of office two days earlier. He replaces Ulysses S. Grant .
- June 17: After a skirmish at White Bird Creek, the Nez Percé began fleeing towards Canada, which lasted several months.
- October 5: Nez-Percé War ends with Chief Joseph 's surrender .
- October 5: The Workingmen's Party of California is formed.
business
patents
- May 25: In the German Empire , the Reichstag passes the patent law , which standardizes the patents previously granted by the federal states . It comes into force on July 1st.
- July 2nd: Johannes Zeltner applies for a patent for his process for the production of a red ultramarine paint and receives the first German Reich patent.
- September 25: In the USA, Henry C. Clark is granted a patent for the adjustable metal ship's plane he had invented.
start-ups
- April 5: In Hamburg , Hermann Blohm and Ernst Voss found the shipyard Blohm & Voss .
- September 11: Leopold Ullstein founds a newspaper and magazine publishing company in Berlin .
- December 6: The US newspaper The Washington Post is available for the first time.
- Foundation of the company Baier & Schneider in Heilbronn
- Foundation of the company Barilla in Parma
science and technology
Africa research
- August 8 Henry Morton Stanley and a party of companions arrive near starvation at Boma on the Congo estuary. This ends the last leg of Stanley's second Africa expedition, which lasted a total of three years. The Africa explorer explored the course of the Congo River from Nyangwa in just under 9 months , initially with 18 canoes and the Lady Alice downstream.
astronomy
- August 12 Martian moon Deimos discovered by Asaph Hall .
- August 17: Asaph Hall discovers the second moon of Mars , Phobos .
Stephan's Quintet ( Hubble Space Telescope image )
- September 22: French astronomer Édouard Jean-Marie Stephan discovers a group of five galaxies in the constellation Pegasus , named after him Stephan's Quintet .
- Giovanni Schiaparelli observes fine lines "Canali" on Mars. Inaccurately translated into English, the Martian canals trigger the myth of Martians ( science fiction from 1898), but also the construction of special observatories ( Percival Lowell ).
paleontology
- First scientific description of the dinosaur Apatosaurus by Othniel Charles Marsh
physics and chemistry
- December 2: The French physicist Louis Paul Cailletet succeeds in liquefying oxygen in his laboratory .
- Lord Kelvin succeeds in liquefying air .
- Ludwig Boltzmann publishes his work on the energy distribution of a set of N subsystems ( Boltzmann statistics ).
Technical achievements
- March 4: Emil Berliner invents a better microphone for the Bell Company telephone .
- July 18: The American inventor Thomas Alva Edison produces the first sound recording on a steel cylinder covered with tinfoil, which he further develops into a phonograph .
- August: After a construction period of around three months, the Billerica and Bedford Railroad in Middlesex County in Massachusetts is put into operation. It is considered to be the first publicly operated narrow-gauge railway with a gauge of 610 mm (2 feet ) in the United States.
- November 21: Thomas Alva Edison announces the phonograph , a device for recording and reproducing sound. A demonstration of the device will take place on November 29th.
Culture
architecture and fine arts
- November 4: The Ponte Maria Pia built by Gustave Eiffel and Théophile Seyrig across the Douro between Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia is inaugurated four days after its completion by the Portuguese royal couple Luís I and his wife Maria Pia .
- 28 December: The New Gallery in Kassel , built by Heinrich von Dehn-Rotfelser on behalf of District President Eduard von Moeller for the "Old Masters" picture gallery , is opened.
- Gustave Caillebotte shows the painting Rue de Paris, temps de pluie for the first time at the third Impressionism exhibition in Paris.
literature
- 24 November: British author Anna Sewell publishes her novel Black Beauty: The Autobiography of a Horse , one of the most popular young adult books of the 20th century.
music and theatre
- January 3 : The world premiere of the operetta Prinz Methusalem by Johann Strauss (son) , originally conceived for Paris, takes place at the Carltheater in Vienna. The composer is also the conductor.
- March 4: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake has its world premiere at Moscow 's Bolshoi Theatre . Since the Bolshoi Ballet does not yet have the level to dance the piece at this point, the difficult parts are replaced by simpler pieces of music and the ballet fails the audience.
- March 10: Richard Wagner performs the Siegfried Idyll in a court concert in Meiningen .
- March 10: The world premiere of the operetta Nanon, the Wirthin vom Goldenen Lamm by Richard Genée takes place at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna. The libretto for the piece from the “ golden operetta era ” came from the composer together with Camillo Walzel .
- March 21: Premiere of the opera Die Folkunger by Edmund Kretschmer in Dresden
- April 27: Premiere of the opera Le roi de Lahore by Jules Massenet at the Grand Opéra Paris
- September 23: Premiere of the opera Francesca von Rimini by Hermann Goetz in Mannheim
- 2 December: The premiere of the opera Samson et Dalila ( Samson and Dalila ) by Camille Saint-Saëns takes place in Weimar. The work becomes a huge success in Germany, while it is more than a decade before it is first performed in France.
- 8 December: World premiere of Edmund Kretschmer 's opera Heinrich der Löwe in Leipzig
- December 11: In the Vienna Court Opera , an opera soirée takes place for the first time, from which the Vienna Opera Ball will develop.
- Heir to the Hawaiian throne Liliʻuokalani composes her most famous song, Aloha ʻOe .
Others
- May 8: The Hermes of Olympia is found during German excavations in Olympia . It is widely believed to be a sculpture by the ancient sculptor Praxiteles around 340 BC. BC, acts.
- 26 December: The Circus Ciniselli building , the first Russian stone structure for a circus , opens in Saint Petersburg .
society
- September 21: In Geneva, Louis-Lucien Rochat founds the Blue Cross with 27 other people .
- November 6: Georg Jennerwein , a Bavarian game shooter , is shot.
religion
Front of the synagogue, wood engraving from 1877
- June 8: The Heilbronn synagogue on the Allee in Heilbronn , built by Adolf Wolff , is inaugurated after around four years of construction.
- September 3rd: Last of the Marian apparitions in Marpingen 1876/1877
disasters
- May 9: The Iquique earthquake and subsequent tsunami kills 2,541 people. Most of the victims are in Chile in the region of Iquique and in neighboring Peru. But the effects can be felt as far away as Hawaii and Japan.
- May 10: An earthquake of unknown magnitude in Hawaii kills 5 people. A tsunami hits South America .
- September 11: British three-masted sailing ship Avalanche sinks off Isle of Portland after colliding with Forest , killing 106.
- October 22: In Blantyre , Scotland, 215 people lose their lives in a mining accident in a hard coal mine.
- Famine (1876–1878) in British India . People also starve to death during the week-long coronation celebrations ( Queen Victoria is crowned Empress of India).
- When the Cotopaxi volcano in what is now Ecuador erupts, a mudslide is created that completely destroys the city of Latacunga .
Sports
- 15 March: Australia and England play the first official Test cricket match between two national cricket teams at Melbourne Cricket Ground .
- April 28: Stamford Bridge stadium is officially opened in the London district of Fulham .
- 9 July: The inaugural Wimbledon Tennis Championships are held at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club on Worple Road, Wimbledon .
- July 18: The German Chess Federation is founded.
Born
January
- January 4 Marsden Hartley , American painter (died 1943)
- January 4 – Otto Herschmann , Austrian swimmer, fencer, Olympian and sports official (d. 1942)
- January 5: Fritz Koch-Gotha , German illustrator and writer (died 1956)
- January 7: Margarete von Wrangell , German-Baltic agricultural chemist, first full professor at a German university († 1932)
- January 11: Oskar Emil Andersson , Swedish comic artist (d. 1906)
- January 11: Heinrich Glück , German merchant (died 1971)
- January 14: Richard Kirman , American politician (died 1959)
- January 16: Thomas Hakon Grönwall , Swedish mathematician (died 1932)
- January 16: Andrew W. Hockenhull , American politician (d. 1974)
- January 17: Fred Francis Bosworth , American evangelist, Pentecostal preacher and author (d. 1958)
- January 18 Karl Hans Strobl , German writer (died 1946)
- January 20: Aymé Kunc , French composer, conductor and music teacher (d. 1958)
- January 22: Hjalmar Schacht , German politician, banker, minister and President of the Reichsbank (died 1970)
- January 27: Alfred Heuss , German musicologist and music critic († 1934)
- January 27: Eugène Renaud , French racing driver (d. 1955)
- January 28: Wilhelm IV Anthes , German politician (died 1934)
- January 29: Georges Catroux , French general and diplomat (died 1969)
- January 29 Alban Haas , German theologian and historian (died 1968)
- January 29: Hugo Obermaier , German archaeologist (died 1946)
- January 30: Sigfús Einarsson , Icelandic composer (died 1939)
February
- February 1: Thomas Dunhill , English composer (d. 1946)
- February 1 – Kurt Rosenfeld , German politician and lawyer (died 1943)
Drawing by August Macke : Dr. Ludwig Deubner, writing (Bonn 1903)
- February 3: Ludwig Deubner , German classical philologist and religious scholar († 1946)
- February 4 Charles-Edward Amory Winslow , an American microbiologist (died 1957)
- February 7: Julius Curtius , Reich Economics Minister and Reich Foreign Minister († 1948)
- February 7 Godfrey Harold Hardy , British mathematician (died 1947)
- February 8: Albert Vögler , German politician (died 1945)
- February 9: Hermann Föttinger , German electrical engineer and inventor (died 1945)
- February 11 – Moses Louis Annenberg , American publicist (d. 1942)
- February 12: Luiza Andaluz , Portuguese nun (died 1973)
- February 12: Stefan Mautner , Austrian entrepreneur (died 1944)
- February 13: Jāzeps Mediņš , Latvian composer (died 1947)
- February 14: Edmund Landau , German mathematician (died 1938)
- February 15 Louis Renault , French engineer, co-founder of the Renault car brand (d. 1944)
- February 16: Wilhelm Vogelsang , German entrepreneur (died 1939)
- February 17: Isabelle Eberhardt , Swiss-French globetrotter and travel writer (died 1904)
- February 17: André Maginot , French politician (died 1932)
- February 18: Hans Helmhart Auer von Herrenkirchen , German economist and university teacher († 1960)
- February 18: Petar Krstić , Serbian composer (died 1957)
- February 19: Friedrich Attenhuber , German painter (died 1947)
- February 19: Louis Aubert , French composer (died 1968)
- February 19: Ludwig Hartau , German actor (died 1922)
- February 19: Gabriele Münter , German Expressionist painter (died 1962)
- February 21: Josef Karlmann Brechenmacher , German etymologist (died 1960)
- February 24: Rudolph Ganz , Swiss composer, pianist and conductor (d. 1972)
- February 25: Erich von Hornbostel , Austrian ethnomusicologist († 1935)
- February 26 – Rudolph Dirks , German-American comics pioneer (d. 1968)
- February 27: Adela Verne , English composer, pianist and music teacher (d. 1952)
- February 28: Gonzalo Argüelles Bringas , Mexican painter (died 1942)
- February 28: Sergei Eduardowitsch Bortkiewicz , Russian composer (died 1952)
- February 28 – Emil Teubner , German woodcarver and sculptor (died 1958)
March
- March 2: Luigi Maglione , Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (died 1944)
- March 4: Anton Bulgari , Austrian sign painter and revolutionary (died 1934)
- March 4 Alexander Goedicke , Russian musician and composer (died 1957)
- March 7: Charles O. Andrews , American politician (died 1946)
- March 8: Albert Dankert , German worker athlete (died 1933)
- March 8: Carl Mannich , German chemist (died 1947)
- March 9: Emil Abderhalden , Swiss physiologist (died 1950)
- March 9 Stuart Stickney , American golfer (d. 1932)
- March 10 Pascual Ortiz Rubio , politician and President of Mexico (died 1963)
- March 11: Carl Wollert , Swedish sports shooter (died 1953)
- March 12: Wilhelm Frick , German politician and functionary (died 1946)
- March 14: Heinrich Mataja , Austrian lawyer and politician (died 1937)
- March 14: Hans Simmer , German educator († ?)
- March 15 – Malcolm Whitman , American tennis player (d. 1932)
- March 16 Léo-Ernest Ouimet , Canadian cinema director, film distributor and producer (d. 1972)
- March 17: Otto Gross , Austrian doctor and revolutionary (died 1920)
- March 17 Daniel Webster Turner , American politician (died 1969)
- March 18 – Ivo Schricker , German soccer player and soccer official (died 1962)
- March 19: Joseph-Arthur Bernier , Canadian composer, organist, pianist and music teacher (d. 1944)
- March 19: Franz Fischer , German chemist (died 1947)
- March 20: Tiberiu Brediceanu , Romanian composer (died 1968)
- March 21: Maurice Farman , French track cyclist, automobile racer, aviation pioneer and entrepreneur (d. 1964)
- March 22: Waldemar Mitscherlich , German political scientist (died 1961)
- March 24: Georg Axhausen , German dentist (died 1960)
- March 24: Alexei Novikov-Priboi , Russian writer (died 1944)
- March 26 Wilhelm Berning , German Catholic bishop (died 1955)
- March 28 Ted Ray , famous British professional golfer and two-time Major winner (d. 1943)
- March 29: Reginald Goss-Custard , English organist and composer (d. 1956)
- March 29: Alois Kayser , German missionary in Nauru (died 1944)
- March 30: Régulo Rico , Venezuelan composer and music teacher (died 1960)
- March 30: Wolfgang zu Ysenburg and Büdingen , 4th Prince of Ysenburg-Büdingen († 1920)
April
- April 1 Maurice Hankey , British civil servant, Secretary of the National Defense Council (d. 1963)
- April 2: Otto Bruchwitz , German educator and local historian († 1956)
- April 5: Georg Faber , German mathematician (died 1966)
- April 5: Carl Albert Loosli , Swiss writer and journalist (died 1959)
- April 5: Walter Sutton , American geneticist (d. 1916)
- April 6: Karl Tellenbach , Swiss original (d. 1931)
- April 8: Karl Walser , Swiss painter, stage designer and illustrator (d. 1943)
- April 9: Walter Karbe , German local historian (died 1956)
- April 10: Alfred Kubin , Austrian graphic artist and book illustrator (died 1959)
- April 10 Massimo Massimi , Italian cardinal (died 1954)
- April 13 – Christian Friedrich Lautenschlager , German mechanic and racing driver (d. 1954)
- April 15 Georg Kolbe , German sculptor (died 1947)
- April 15 Arthur Werner , German politician (died 1967)
- April 17: Jean Goulet , Canadian violinist, clarinetist, conductor and music teacher (d. 1965)
- April 18 Martin E. Trapp , American politician (died 1951)
- April 23: Helena Zboińska-Ruszkowska , Polish singer and singing teacher († 1948)
- April 26: Karl start-up , German journalist (died 1951)
- April 26 Alliott Verdon Roe , British aviation pioneer (d. 1958)
- April 27: Lisa Baumfeld , Austrian-Jewish writer († 1897)
- April 28 Karl Indermühle , Swiss architect (died 1933)
- April 30: Alice B. Toklas , American cookbook author (d. 1967)
- April 30: Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando , Austrian writer and draftsman (died 1954)
- April 30: Julius Oetiker , Swiss lawyer and civil servant (died 1956)
May
- May 1 Otto Palandt , German jurist and editor (died 1951)
- May 3: Karl Abraham , German psychoanalyst (died 1925)
- May 3: Heinrich Pössenbacher , German furniture manufacturer († 1959)
- May 5: Georgy Sedov , Russian naval lieutenant and polar explorer (died 1914)
- May 8: Maurice Boutmy , French racing driver (d. 1935)
- May 8: Adolf Meschendörfer , Austro-German writer (died 1963)
- May 9: Ferdinand Abt , German sculptor (died 1962)
- May 9 Charles Rothschild , British banker, entomologist and conservationist (died 1923)
- May 10: Columbus Max , German painter (died 1970)
- May 10: Roderich Mojsisovics von Mojsvár , Austrian conductor and composer (died 1953)
- May 12: Johannes Stelling , German politician and MdR († 1933)
- May 16: Joseph Medill McCormick , American politician (died 1925)
- May 18: John Victor Bergquist , American composer and organist (d. 1935)
- May 19 Susukida Kyūkin , Japanese poet and essayist (died 1945)
- May 23 Octavia Aigner-Rollett , Austrian physician (d. 1959)
- May 25 Billy Murray , American singer (d. 1954)
- May 25 Bill Robinson , American tap dancer (d. 1949)
- May 26: Eduard Grüneisen , German physicist (died 1949)
- May 26: Mirzl Hofer , Austrian singer and yodeler († 1955)
- May 26 Jean Schlumberger , French Germanist and writer (died 1968)
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- May 27: Isadora Duncan , American dancer (d. 1927)
- May 27: Yussuf Ibrahim , German pediatrician (died 1953)
- May 28 Warwick Deeping , British novelist (died 1950)
- May 28: Stefan Jäger , German painter of Danube Swabian life (died 1962)
- May 28 Maximilian Voloshin , Russian poet and landscape painter (died 1932)
- May 29 Otto Fee , German actor (died 1954)
June
- June 2 Gustave Samazeuilh , French composer and music critic (died 1967)
- June 2: Wilhelm Krieger , German sculptor (died 1945)
- June 2: Friedrich Wiegershaus , German ethnic politician († 1934)
- June 3: Raoul Dufy , French painter (died 1953)
- June 4: Hans Adolf Bühler , German painter (died 1951)
- June 4: Heinrich Otto Wieland , German chemist (died 1957)
- June 6: Karl Mras , Austrian classics scholar (died 1962)
- June 6: Hans Sachs , German serologist (died 1945)
- June 7: Charles Glover Barkla , British physicist and Nobel laureate (d. 1944)
- June 7: Eugen Ottowitsch Gunst , Russian composer (died 1950)
- June 7: Roelof Klein , Dutch rower (died 1960)
- June 8 – Kubota Utsubo , Japanese writer (died 1967)
- June 9: Carl Watzinger , German archaeologist (died 1948)
- June 9: Anne Marie Basse , Danish painter (died 1960)
- June 9: Rudolf Borchardt , German writer, poet and translator († 1945)
- June 9: Titta Ruffo , Italian opera singer (baritone) (died 1953)
- June 12: Fritz Höger , German architect (died 1949)
- June 12: Vanni Marcoux , French singer (died 1962)
- June 14: Jane Bathori , French singer (died 1970)
- June 14 Giovanni Prini , Italian sculptor and painter (died 1958)
- June 16 Karl Absolon , Czech archaeologist and speleologist (died 1960)
- June 16 Enrico Canfari , Italian soccer player and official (died 1915)
- June 16: Felix Ehrlich , German biochemist (died 1942)
- June 17 Charles Coburn , American actor (d. 1961)
- June 18 James Montgomery Flagg , American draftsman and illustrator (d. 1960)
- June 20 Julius Kaliski , German social democrat, writer and politician (died 1956)
- June 21: Anton Horner , Austrian horn player (died 1971)
- June 23: Anton Apold , Austrian metallurgical engineer (died 1950)
- June 24 Richard C. Dillon , American politician (died 1966)
July
- July 1 Giulio Antamoro , Italian film director (died 1945)
- July 2 William Comstock , American politician (died 1949)
- July 2: Hermann Hesse , German-Swiss writer (died 1962)
- July 4: Bogislav von Selchow , German writer and naval officer (died 1943)
- July 4 - Clifford Walker , American politician (died 1954)
- July 6 – David Stanley Smith , American composer (d. 1949)
- July 6 Niceto Alcalá Zamora , Spanish liberal politician and first President of the Second Republic († 1949)
- July 9 Robert N. Stanfield , American politician (died 1945)
- July 10: Hélène Dutrieu , Belgian pilot (died 1961)
- July 12 Arthur M. Hyde , American politician (died 1947)
- July 13: Karl Erb , German opera singer (died 1958)
- July 13 Giuseppe Pizzardo , Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (died 1970)
- July 13 – Erik Scavenius , Danish politician and statesman, Prime Minister (died 1962)
- July 14: Karl Illner , Austrian aviation pioneer (died 1935)
- July 16 Vasil Kolarov , Bulgarian politician (died 1950)
- July 20 Thomas Crean , Irish polar explorer (died 1938)
- July 22: Olof Aschberg , Swedish banker (died 1960)
- July 25: Max Otten , German physician, pioneer of occupational medicine (died 1962)
- July 27: Ernst von Dohnányi , Hungarian pianist and composer (died 1960)
- July 28 – Albert David Jordan , Canadian organist, conductor and music teacher (d. 1932)
- July 29 Charles William Beebe , American deep-sea explorer (d. 1962)
- July 31: Georges Johin , French croquet player (died 1955)
August
- August 1: Carl Wiegand , German artistic gymnast
- August 5: Hermann Maas , German theologian and resistance fighter (died 1970)
- August 6 Wallace H. White , American politician (died 1952)
- August 7: Ulrich Salchow , Swedish figure skater (died 1949)
- August 8: Alexander Khanshonkov , Russian pioneer of the film industry (died 1945)
- August 10: Sem Benelli , Italian playwright (died 1949)
- August 10 – Rudolf Hilferding , German-Austrian politician and economist (died 1941)
- August 10: Frank Marshall , American chess player (died 1944)
- August 11 – Hugo Hardy , German tennis player and lawyer († 1936)
- August 12: Anders Brems , Danish singer, clarinetist and music teacher (d. 1974)
- August 13: Francisc Șirato , Romanian painter (died 1953)
- August 14: Friedrich von Bodelschwingh the Younger , German theologian (died 1946)
- August 15 Alberto Ascoli , Italian serologist, hygienist, and physiological chemist (died 1957)
- August 16: Augusto Giacometti , Swiss painter (died 1947)
- August 16 Francis P. Murphy , American politician (died 1958)
- August 17 Ralph McKittrick , American golfer and tennis player (d. 1923)
- August 18 Jimmy Michael , Welsh cyclist (d. 1904)
- August 19: Tom Connally , American politician (died 1963)
- August 20: Franz Langoth , Austrian politician (died 1953)
- August 22 George L.P. Radcliffe , American politician (died 1974)
- August 25: Petar Stojanović , Serbian composer (died 1957)
- August 26 Edolf Aasen , Norwegian printer (died 1969)
- August 27: Charles Rolls , British entrepreneur and co-founder of Rolls-Royce (d. 1910)
- August 27: Ernst Wetter , Swiss politician (died 1963)
- August 30 Hermann Muckermann , German biologist and Jesuit (died 1962)
September
- September 1: Francis William Aston , English physicist (d. 1945)
- September 2: Frederick Soddy , British chemist and Nobel laureate (d. 1956)
- September 3 – Hugo Hickmann , German politician (died 1955)
- September 6 – Buddy Bolden , American musician (d. 1931)
- September 9: Jesús Castillo , Guatemalan composer (d. 1946)
- September 10 Katherine Sophie Dreier , American painter and art patron (d. 1952)
- September 10: Fritz Cake , Swiss marksman (died 1973)
- September 11: Felix Dzerzhinsky , Russian professional revolutionary (died 1926)
- September 11: James Jeans , English physicist, astronomer and mathematician (died 1946)
- September 12: Alexander Jerminingeldovich Arbuzov , Russian chemist (died 1968)
- September 12 Georg Hamel , German mathematician (died 1954)
- September 13 Stanley Lord , British, captain of merchant ship SS Californian (d. 1962)
- September 13: Wilhelm Filchner , German geophysicist and explorer (died 1957)
- September 13 Werner Rabe von Pappenheim , German officer and diplomat (died 1915)
- September 14: Leonard Seppala , Norwegian musher (died 1967)
- September 15: Wilhelm Adam , German army officer (died 1949)
- September 17 Oliver Peters Heggie , Australian actor (d. 1936)
- September 17: Jean Huré , French composer and organist (died 1930)
- September 20 – Armand Marsick , Belgian violin virtuoso and composer (d. 1959)
- September 22: Ernst von Raben , German officer (died 1924)
- September 24 Clarence E. Case , American politician (died 1961)
- September 25 Calles Elías Plutarco , Mexican politician and military officer (died 1945)
- September 25 – Oswald Bumke , German psychiatrist and neurologist (d. 1950)
- September 25 – Plutarco Elías Calles , Mexican politician and officer (d. 1945)
- September 26: Alfred Cortot , Swiss pianist and conductor (d. 1962)
- September 26 Siegfried Schopflocher , Canadian Baha'i (died 1953)
- September 28 Albert Freude , German Roman Catholic minister (died 1956)
October
- October 3 William L. Harding , American politician (died 1934)
- October 4 – Mathilde Ludendorff , German politician (died 1966)
- October 6: Emil Georg von Stauss , German banker (died 1942)
- October 7 – Frank Croxton , American singer (d. 1949)
- October 8: Oskar Aurich , German sculptor and medalist (died 1968)
- October 8: Emil Rausch , German officer and colonial official (died 1914)
- October 12 Howard Mason Gore , American politician (died 1947)
- October 14 William Wright Arnold , American lawyer and politician (died 1957)
- October 14 Rufus C. Holman , American politician (died 1959)
- October 15 Karl Augustin , German politician (died 1974)
- 15 October: Wilhelm Stockums , auxiliary bishop in Cologne († 1956)
- October 16: Bjørn Helland-Hansen , Norwegian oceanographer (died 1957)
- October 18 Hans Willibalt Apelt , German university professor, constitutional law teacher and politician († 1965)
- October 19: Käte Schaller-Härlin , German portrait painter (d. 1973)
- October 20 Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt , son of US railroad mogul Cornelius Vanderbilt (d. 1915)
- October 21 Oswald Avery , Canadian physician and founder of molecular genetics (d. 1955)
- October 22: Fritz Danner , German artistic gymnast
- October 23 Ludwig Herbert Gustav Emil Arnsperger , German surgeon (d. 1970)
- October 23 – H. Benne Henton , American saxophonist (d. 1938)
- October 24 – Pavel Chesnokov , Russian composer and choirmaster (died 1944)
- October 25 Henry Norris Russell , American astronomer (died 1957)
- October 27 Arnoldus Johannes Petrus van den Broek , Dutch anatomist (died 1961)
- October 27: Walt Kuhn , American artist and organizer of the 1913 Armory Show (d. 1949)
- October 29: Hermann Boßdorf , German writer (died 1921)
- October 29: Salman Schocken , German-Israeli publisher (d. 1959)
- October 31 – Herman G. Kump , American politician (died 1962)
- October 31 – Josiah O. Wolcott , American lawyer and politician (d. 1938)
November
- November 1: Else Ury , German writer and children's book author (died 1943)
- November 2: Aga Khan III. , leader of the Ismaili Nizarites († 1957)
- November 3 Carlos Ibáñez del Campo , Chilean military and politician (died 1960)
- November 4: Tomasz Stefan Arciszewski , Polish politician (died 1955)
- November 5 Edward Daniel Howard , American Roman Catholic minister (d. 1983)
- November 7 Arrigo Serato , Italian violinist and music teacher (died 1948)
- November 9: Muhammad Iqbal , Pakistani poet and spiritual father of Pakistan (died 1938)
- November 12 Raban Adelmann von Adelmannsfelden , German ministry official and diplomat (died 1935)
- November 12 Warren Robinson Austin , American diplomat and politician (died 1962)
- November 12: Torolf Voss , Norwegian composer and conductor (d. 1943)
- November 13: Paul Saladin Leonhardt , German chess player (died 1934)
- November 14 Norman Brookes , Australian tennis player (d. 1968)
- November 15 Albert Elmer Austin , American politician (died 1942)
- November 15: William Hope Hodgson , English fantasy writer (died 1918)
- November 16 – Felix Kwieton , Austrian middle and long-distance runner (d. 1958)
- November 16: Rice W. Means , American politician (died 1949)
- November 16: Halliwell Hobbes , British actor (died 1962)
- November 18 Arthur Cecil Pigou , English economist (died 1959)
- November 19 André Corvington , Haitian fencer (d. 1918)
- November 19 Wilhelm Laforet , German politician (died 1959)
- November 21: Sigfrid Karg-Elert , German composer (died 1933)
- November 22: Endre Ady , Hungarian poet (died 1919)
- November 22: Joan Gamper , Swiss athlete (died 1930)
- November 22 – Gabriel Hatton , French racing driver (d. 1949)
- November 23: Nikola Karev , President of the Kruševo Republic (died 1905)
- November 24: Alben W. Barkley , United States Senator and Vice President (d. 1956)
- November 25: Richard Aßmann , German actor (died 1955)
December
- December 2: Carl Carey Anderson , American politician (died 1912)
- December 2: Victor Gonzalez , French organ builder (died 1956)
- 2 December: William Montgomery Thomson , British officer, last lieutenant general in World War I (d. 1963)
- December 3: Richard Pearse , New Zealand aviation pioneer (d. 1953)
- December 5: Alessandro Anzani , Italian engineer and racing driver (d. 1956)
- December 5: Harry Nice , American politician (died 1941)
- December 6: Paul Bonatz , German architect and bridge builder (died 1956)
- December 7 – Walter Abbott , English footballer (died 1941)
- December 8: Julius Keyl , German athlete and Olympian (d. 1959)
- December 8: Paul Ladmirault , French composer (died 1944)
- December 14: Elise Kosegarten , German painter (died 1948)
- December 18 Hendrik Bolkestein , Dutch ancient historian (died 1942)
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- December 18 Max Pallenberg , Austrian singer, actor and comedian (d. 1934)
- December 19 Durk van Blom , Dutch economist (died 1938)
- December 25: Emil Adamič , Slovenian composer (died 1936)
- December 25: Noël Bas , French gymnast (died 1960)
- December 27 Adolf Kašpar , Czech painter and illustrator (died 1934)
- December 29 Rupert Egenberger , German special education teacher (died 1959)
- December 29 Otto Gauss , German organist and composer (died 1970)
- December 30: Heinrich Hermelink , German church historian (died 1958)
- December 30: William B. Pine , American politician (died 1942)
- December 31 Lawrence Beesley , English teacher, journalist and author (died 1967)
- December 31 Viktor Dyk , Czech poet, prose writer, playwright, politician and lawyer (died 1931)
- December 31: August Frölich , German politician (died 1966)
Exact date of birth unknown
- Anastasios Andreou , Greek athlete (died 1947)
- Faris al-Churi , Syrian politician (died 1962)
- Evlyn Howard-Jones , English pianist, conductor and music teacher (died 1951)
- Joseph Piché , Canadian organist (died 1939)
- Fiddlin' Powers , American old-time musician (died 1953)
Died
January to March
- 1 January: Karl Freiherr von Urban , Austrian Field Marshal Lieutenant (b. 1802)
- January 2: Alexander Bain , Scottish inventor (b. 1811)
- January 3: John Joseph Abercrombie , American Brigadier General (born 1798 or 1802)
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- January 4: Cornelius Vanderbilt , American entrepreneur (born 1794)
- January 12: Wilhelm Hofmeister , German botanist and professor (b. 1824)
- January 13 Karl Hoeck , German classical philologist and ancient historian (b. 1794)
- January 15: Ether Shepley , American politician (b. 1789)
- January 17: John Pettit , American politician (born 1807)
- January 24: Johann Christian Poggendorff , German physicist (b. 1796)
- January 26: Daniel Haines , American politician (b. 1801)
- January 28: Johann Rudolf Kölner , Swiss publicist and writer (b. 1800)
- February 2: Alexander Pavlovich Bryullov , Russian architect and watercolourist (b. 1798)
- February 8: Charles Wilkes , US naval officer and polar explorer (b. 1798)
- February 17: Joseph Johnson , American politician (b. 1785)
- February 17: Salomon Hermann Mosenthal , German dramatist and librettist (born 1821)
- February 22: Eduard Gaertner , German vedute painter of the Biedermeier period (b. 1801)
- February 25: Jang Bahadur Rana , Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Gorkha (Nepal) (b. 1817)
- February 27: James Anderson , British-Italian photographer (b. 1813)
- March 3: Eliza Withington , photographic pioneer and one of the first female landscape photographers (b. 1825)
- March 5: Ernst Julius Otto , German composer, choirmaster and Kreuzkantor (born 1804)
- March 6: Joseph Antoine Autran , French lyric poet and writer (b. 1813)
- March 6: Johann Jacoby , Prussian politician and leading German Radical Democrat (b. 1805)
- March 7: Rafael Ildefonso Arté , Spanish music teacher (b. 1843)
- March 7: Victor Scheppers , Belgian priest and founder of the order (b. 1802)
- March 10: David Allen Smalley , American politician (born 1809)
- March 14: Don Juan Manuel Ortiz de Rosas , Argentine dictator (b. 1793)
- March 16: Johan Fjeldsted Dahl , Norwegian bookseller and publisher. (*1807)
- March 23: Paul-Henri Besson , Swiss Protestant clergyman and poet (b. 1829)
- March 29: Alexander Braun , German botanist (b. 1805)
- March 31: Antoine-Augustin Cournot , French mathematician and economic theorist (born 1801)
April to June
- April 3: Thomas Peter Akers , American politician (b. 1828)
- April 6: Hermann Koch , German Secret Bergrat and father of Robert Koch (b. 1814)
- April 6: Alexander Robert Reinagle , English organist and composer (born 1799)
- April 7: Fernán Caballero , Spanish writer (b. 1796)
- April 10: Attilio Catelli , Italian librettist (b. 1845)
- April 18: Franz Hanfstaengl , German painter, lithographer and photographer (b. 1804)
- April 23: Adolphe van Soust de Borckenfeldt , Belgian poet and art historian (b. 1824)
- April 28: William Gannaway Brownlow , American politician (b. 1805)
- May 6: Johan Ludvig Runeberg , Finnish writer (born 1804)
- 10 May: Ernst Carl von Ahlefeldt , lord of the Oehe and Rögen estates (b. 1785)
- May 11: Johann Heinrich Achterfeld , German theologian, professor and editor (b. 1788)
- May 13: Joseph Höger , Austrian landscape painter, watercolourist, etcher and lithographer (born 1801)
- May 16: David Urquhart , Scottish politician and author (b. 1805)
- May 22: Theodor Lachner , German court organist (b. 1795)
- May 23: Jonas Breitenstein , Swiss writer (b. 1828)
- May 24: Antonio Smith , Chilean landscape painter (b. 1832)
- May 27 Gustav Meyer , German landscape designer, municipal garden director in Berlin (b. 1816)
- May 31: Yakub Bek , Uzbek warlord, ruler of the Empire of Yetti-Shahr (b. 1820)
- June 1: Franz Joseph Aufschlager , German clergyman (b. 1812)
- June 3: Ludwig von Köchel , Austrian musicologist ( Köchelverzeichnis ) (b. 1800)
- June 7: Edwin White , American painter (b. 1817)
- June 10: August Tholuck , German Protestant theologian (b. 1799)
- June 11: Johann Heinrich Fierz , Swiss entrepreneur and National Councilor (b. 1813)
- June 11: Ignaz Pallme , Austrian traveling salesman and Africa explorer (b. 1806)
- June 12: Ludvig Kristensen Daa , Norwegian politician and publicist (born 1809)
- June 13: Cesare Ciardi , Italian flutist and composer (b. 1818)
- June 17: John Stevens Cabot Abbott , American clergyman and writer (b. 1805)
- June 17: Daniel D. Pratt , American politician (b. 1813)
- June 29: William H.H. Ross , American politician (b. 1814)
July to September
- July 1: Carl Friedrich Deneke , Privy Councilor of Commerce, politician and industrialist (b. 1803)
- July 6: Friedrich Wilhelm Hackländer , German writer (b. 1816)
- July 7: Jacob Aicher von Aichenegg , German jurist and politician (born 1809)
- July 7: Carl Wallau , German politician (b. 1823)
- July 12: Ottilie Wildermuth , German writer (b. 1817)
- July 14: August von Bethmann-Hollweg , German jurist and politician (b. 1795)
- July 18: Alexander von Frantzius , German physician, zoologist and anthropologist (b. 1821)
- July 20: Federico Errázuriz Zañartu , Chilean politician (b. 1825)
- July 23: Florus Conrad Auffarth , Prussian administrative official (b. 1815)
- July 26: Nehemiah Abbott , American politician (born 1804)
- July 27: François Blanc , French mathematician and financier (b. 1806)
- 4 August: Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz , Prussian Field Marshal (b. 1796)
- August 5: Luigi Rinaldo Legnani , Italian singer, guitarist and composer (born 1790)
- August 8: Gustav Wilhelm Schubert , Saxon Commission Councilor, jurist and historian (b. 1801)
- August 11: Desiderius Beck , royal Bavarian court physician, founder of the first saline moor spa in Bad Aibling (* 1804)
- August 16: Johann Caspar Harkort V. , German entrepreneur (b. 1785)
- August 21: Ferdinand Becker , German painter of holy images and fairy tale scenes (b. 1846)
- August 30: Wilson Shannon , American politician (born 1803)
- September 3: Adolphe Thiers , French statesman and historian (b. 1797)
- September 5: Crazy Horse , war chief of the Oglala Lakota Sioux Indians (b. 1840)
- September 9: Carl Wilhelm Heine , German medic, surgeon and President of the German Medical Association in Prague (b. 1838)
- September 12: Julius Rietz , German conductor, composition teacher and composer (b. 1812)
- September 13 Maria Anna Leopoldina (b. 1805)
- September 16: Levi Coffin , American Quaker, abolitionist and businessman (b. 1798)
- September 17: William Henry Fox Talbot , English photo pioneer (b. 1800)
- September 20: Lewis V. Bogy , American politician (b. 1813)
- September 20: Johann Luzius Isler , Bündner confectioner and amusement park operator in St. Petersburg (b. 1810)
- September 23: Urbain Le Verrier , French mathematician (b. 1811)
- September 24: Saigō Takamori , Japanese samurai and reformer (b. 1828)
- 27 September: Carl August Bernhard von Arnswald , Saxon Chamberlain and Castle Captain (b. 1807)
- September 29: Thomas Jean Arbousset , French missionary (b. 1810)
October to December
- 2 October: Erwin von Bary , German doctor and traveler to Africa (b. 1846)
- October 5: Constantin Ackermann , German evangelical clergyman (b. 1799)
- October 10: Johann Georg Baiter , Swiss theologian and textual critic (b. 1801)
- October 11: Léon Prévost , French composer (b. 1831)
- October 14: Antoine Elwart , French composer, music educator and scholar (b. 1808)
- October 17: Johann Carl Fuhlrott , German naturalist (b. 1803)
- October 18: Adolf Christ , Swiss politician (b. 1807)
- October 26: Michael Arnold , German sculptor, painter and printmaker (b. 1824)
- October 29: Nathan Bedford Forrest , American general (b. 1821)
- 1 November: Friedrich von Wrangel , Prussian officer (b. 1784)
- November 4: Joseph Heine , German physician, government and medical councilor in the Palatinate (b. 1803)
- November 7: Karel Sabina , Czech radical democrat, publicist, writer and literary critic (b. 1813)
- 8 November: Amalie Auguste , Queen of Saxony (b. 1801)
- November 16: Karl Ludwig von Littrow , German astronomer (b. 1811)
- November 22: Heinrich Funk , German landscape painter (b. 1807)
- November 26: Richard Lucae , German architect, director of the Berlin Bauakademie (b. 1829)
- November 28: Luise Büchner , German women's rights activist and author (b. 1821)
- December 2: Moritz von Bethmann , German entrepreneur and banker (b. 1811)
- December 13: James Elton , English traveler to Africa and travel writer (b. 1840)
- December 17: Louis Jean Baptiste d'Aurelle de Paladines , French general (b. 1804)
- December 18: Philipp Veit , German painter (b. 1793)
- December 30: Giuseppe Mengoni , Italian architect (b. 1829)
- December 31: Gustave Courbet , French painter (b. 1819)
- December 31: Alberto Mazzucato , Italian composer and music teacher (b. 1813)
Exact date of death unknown
- Donaciano Vigil , American politician (born 1802)
web links
Commons : 1877 - Collection of images, videos and audio files
