List of heads of state 1877
Overview
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Africa
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Egypt (part of the Ottoman Empire)
- Khedive : Ismail Pasha (1867–1879)
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Ethiopia
- Emperor : Yohannes IV. (1871-1889)
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Burundi
- King : Mwezi IV. Gisabo (1852–1908)
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Liberia
- President : James Spriggs Payne (1868–1870, 1876–1878)
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Morocco
- Sultan: Mulai al-Hassan I (1873-1894)
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Rwanda
- King: Kigeri IV. (1853–1895)
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Sokoto Caliphate
- Caliph: Abu-Bakr Atiku II (1873–1877)
- Caliph: Mu'azu Ahmad (1877-1881)
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South African Republic
- President : Thomas François Burgers (1871–1877)
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Zulu
- King: Cetshwayo kaMpande (1872–1884)
America
North America
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Canada
- Head of State: Queen : Victoria (1867–1901)
- Governor General : Earl Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, Earl of Dufferin (1872–1878)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister : Alexander Mackenzie (1873–1878)
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Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President : Porfirio Díaz (1876–1880, 1884–1911 )
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United States of America
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Head of State and Government :
- President : Ulysses S. Grant (1869– March 4, 1877)
- President: Rutherford B. Hayes (March 4, 1877–1881)
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Head of State and Government :
Central America
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Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government:
- President Vicente Herrera Zeledón (1876–11 September 1877)
- President Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez ( 1870–1876 , September 11, 1877–1882)
- Head of State and Government:
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Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Buenaventura Báez ( 1849–1853, 1856–1858, 1868–1873 , 1876–1878)
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El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Rafael Zaldívar (1876–1884)
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Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Justo Rufino Barrios (1873–1885)
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Haiti
- Head of State and Government: President Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1876–1879)
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Honduras
- Head of State and Government: President Marco Aurelio Soto Martínez (1876–1883)
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Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Pedro Joaquín Chamorro y Alfaro (1875–1879)
South America
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Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President : Nicolás Avellaneda (1874–1880)
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Bolivia
- Head of State and Government: President : Hilarión Daza (1876–1879)
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Chile
- Head of State and Government: President : Aníbal Pinto Garmendia (1876–1881)
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Ecuador
- Head of State and Government: Ignacio de Veintemilla (1876–1878)
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Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President Aquileo Parra (1876–1878)
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Paraguay
- Head of State and Government:
- President Juan Bautista Gill (1874– April 12, 1877)
- President Higinio Uriarte (April 12, 1877–1878)
- Head of State and Government:
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Peru (controversial)
- Head of State and Government: President Mariano Ignacio Prado (1876–1879)
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Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: (provisional) Lorenzo Latorre (1876–1880)
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Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President Antonio Guzmán Blanco (1870–1884, 1886–1888 )
Asia
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Ajman :
- Sheikh: Raschid II. (1872-1891)
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Afghanistan
- Emir: Shir Ali Khan (1867–1879)
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China ( Qing Dynasty ):
- Emperor: Guangxu (1875-1908)
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British India
- Empress : Victoria (1877–1901)
- Viceroy : Robert Bulwer-Lytton (1876–1880)
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Kuwait :
- Emir: Abdullah II. (1866-1892)
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Oman :
- Sultan: Turki ibn Said (1871–1888)
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Persia ( Qajar dynasty)
- Shah : Naser od-Din Shah (1848–1896)
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Thailand
- King: Chulalongkorn , King of Thailand (1868–1910)
Australia and Oceania
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Hawaii
- King : David Kalākaua (1874-1891)
Europe
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Andorra
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Co-princes :
- President of France : Patrice de Mac-Mahon (1873–1879)
- Bishop of Urgell : Josep Caixal i Estradé (1851–1879)
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Co-princes :
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Belgium
- Head of State: King Leopold II (1865–1909)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jules Malou (1874–1878, 1884 )
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Denmark
- Head of State: King : Christian IX. (1863–1906)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup (1875–1894)
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German Empire
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Kaiser : Wilhelm I (January 18, 1871–1888)
- Imperial Chancellor : Otto von Bismarck (1871–1890)
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Stop
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Duke : Friedrich I (1871–1904)
- Minister of State : Anton von Krosigk (1875-1892)
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Duke : Friedrich I (1871–1904)
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to bathe
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Grand Duke : Friedrich I (1856–1907)
- Minister of State: Ludwig Turban the Elder (1876-1893)
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Grand Duke : Friedrich I (1856–1907)
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Bavaria :
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King : Ludwig II. (1864-1886)
- Chairman of the Council of Ministers : Adolph von Pfretzschner (1872–1880)
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King : Ludwig II. (1864-1886)
- Braunschweig
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Bremen
- Mayor : Friedrich Pfeiffer (1875–1879)
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Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine (until 1879 directly subordinate to the German Kaiser)
- Upper President: Eduard von Möller (1871–1879)
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Hamburg
- First Mayor : Carl Friedrich Petersen (1876–1877) (1880) (1883) (1886) (1889) (1892)
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Hessen-Darmstadt
- Grand Duke : Ludwig III. (1848–1877)
- Grand Duke: Ludwig IV. (1877-1892)
- lip
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Lübeck
- Mayor : Theodor Curtius (1869–1870) (1873–1874) (1877–1878)
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Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- Grand Duke : Friedrich Franz II. (1842–1883)
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Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- Grand Duke : Friedrich Wilhelm (1860–1904)
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Oldenburg
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Grand Duke : Nikolaus Friedrich Peter (1853–1900)
- Minister of State : Friedrich Andreas Ruhstrat (1876–1890)
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Grand Duke : Nikolaus Friedrich Peter (1853–1900)
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Prussia :
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King : Wilhelm I (1861–1888)
- Prime Minister : Otto von Bismarck (1862–1873) (1873–1890)
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King : Wilhelm I (1861–1888)
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Reuss older line
- Prince : Heinrich XXII. (1859–1902)
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Reuss younger line
- Prince : Heinrich XIV. (1867–1913)
- Saxony :
- Saxony-Altenburg
- Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Saxony-Meiningen
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Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
- Grand Duke : Carl Alexander (1853–1901)
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Schaumburg-Lippe
- Prince : Adolf I. Georg (1860-1893)
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Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Prince : Georg Albert (1869–1890)
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Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Prince : Günther Friedrich Karl II. (1835–1880)
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Waldeck and Pyrmont (administered by Prussia since January 1, 1868)
- Prince : Georg Victor (1845-1893)
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Württemberg :
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King : Charles I (1864-1891)
- President of the State Ministry : Hermann von Mittnacht (1876–1900)
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King : Charles I (1864-1891)
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Kaiser : Wilhelm I (January 18, 1871–1888)
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France
- Presidents : Patrice de Mac-Mahon (1873–1879)
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Italy
- King : Victor Emanuel II (1861–1878)
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Monaco
- Prince Charles III (1856-1889)
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Montenegro (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
- Prince : Nikola I. Petrović Njegoš (1860–1918) (from 1910 king )
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Neutral Moresnet
- King : Leopold II (1865–1909)
- King : Wilhelm I (1861–1888)
- Mayor: Joseph Kohl (1859–1882)
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Netherlands
- King : Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)
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Ottoman Empire :
- Sultan : Abdülhamid II. (1876-1909)
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Austria-Hungary
- Emperor and King : Franz Joseph I (1848–1916)
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Romania (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
- Head of State: Prince Karl I (1866–1914) (from 1881 King)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ion C. Brătianu ( 1868 , 1876–1881, 1881–1888 )
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Russia
- Emperor : Alexander II (1855-1881)
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Serbia (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
- Prince : Milan Obrenović IV. (1868–1889) (from 1882 king)
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Spain
- King : Alfonso XII. (1874-1885)
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Hungary
- King : Franz Joseph I (1848–1916) (1848–1916 King of Bohemia, 1848–1916 Emperor of Austria)
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United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Victoria (1837–1901) (1877–1901 Empress of India)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield ( 1868 , 1874–1880) (since April 12th Earl)