List of rulers of Iran

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In the list of rulers of Iran all known rulers are listed, who the country Iran / Persia(within its current limits!) or part of it ever ruled. In the case of dynasties that only ruled over Iranian territory for a certain period of time (after "in Persia:") only this is given, even though the dynasty was in power in another country before or after that. Representatives of such a ruling house who did not yet or no longer ruled in Iran are therefore not listed here and only indicated with "...", while those rulers (or lines) who belong to one of the dynasties mentioned, but only over non-Iranian areas were not even considered here. Information about the parts of Iran in which the individual dynasties ruled (at certain times) have also been left out (except when differentiating between lines). Only in the case of representatives of the same dynasty ruling in different Iranian areas at the same time is the information in brackets on who (roughly) ruled where. All times are reigns, although it was not taken into account here since or until when a ruler also or only ruled Iranian territory.

Antiquity (pre-Islamic period)

The kingdom of Elam (2550 BC-636 BC)

The Mannaeans (728-715 v. Chr.)

The 1. Medes Confederation "(715–653 BC)

The Scythians (in Persia: 653–625 BC)

  • Arbaka, Arphaxad and Arbakes, 653-625 BC. BC (reign after Herodotus)

The 2. Medes Confederation "(625 BC – 550 BC)

The Achaemenid Empire
The Parthian Empire
The Sassanid Empire and the late ancient Mediterranean world around the time of Chosraus I.
  • Kyaxares II , 625-585 BC BC (reign after Herodotus)
  • Astyages , 585-550 BC. BC (reign after Herodotus)

The Achaemenids (550-330 BC)

The Argead (in Persia 331-310 BC)

The Seleucids (312–164 BC)

The Parthians / Arsacids (247 BC – 224 AD)

The Sassanids (224-651)

middle Ages

The Umayyad Empire

The "rightly guided caliphs" (in Persia: 632-661)

The Umayyads (661-750)

The Abbasids (748–1258)

The Tahirids (in Persia: 821–880 / 81)

  • Abu t-Tayyib Tahir (I.) b. Husain b. Musab b. Ruzaiq al-Chuzai, 821-822
  • Talha b. Tahir, 822-828
  • Abdullah b. Tahir , 828-845
  • Tahir (II.) B. Abdullah, 845-862
  • Muhammad b. Tahir, 862-873
  • al-Husain b. Tahir, 876-880 / 81
  • ...

The ( Zaidite ) Alawids of Tabaristan (864–928)

  • al-Hasan b. Zaid, 864-884
  • Abu l-Husain Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Qaim, 884
  • Muhammad b. Zaid, 884-900
  • al-Hasan b. Ali al-Utrusch, 914-917
  • Hasan b. al-Qasim, 917-928
  • Abu l-Husain Ahmad b. Hasan, 917-923
  • Abu al-Qasim Jafar b. Hasan, 917-925
  • Abu Ali Muhammad b. Ahmad, 925-926
  • Ismail b. Jafar, around 925 and 930
  • Abu Jafar Muhammad, ca.926-943

The Saffarids (861-1003)

The Laithids

  • Abu Jusuf Jaqub b. al-Laith as-Saffar, 861-879
  • Abu Hafs Amr b. al-Laith, 879-900
  • Abu l-Hasan Tahir b. Muhammad b. Amr, 900-909
  • al-Laith b. Ali b. al-Laith, 909-910
  • Muhammad b. Ali, 910
  • al-Muaddal b. Ali, 910-911
  • Abu Hafs Amr b. Jaqub b. Muhammad b. Amr, 912

The Chalafids

  • Abu Dschafar Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Chalaf, 923-963
  • Abu l-Husain Tahir b. Muhammad, 963-969
  • Wali d-Daula Abu Ahmad Chalaf b. Ahmad, 969-1003

The Samanids (819-1005)

  • Ahmad (I.) b. Asad b. Saman Chuda, 819-874
  • Nasr (I.) b. Ahmad, 874-892
  • al-Amir al-Mahdi Abu Ibrahim Ismail b. Ahmad, 892-907
  • al-Amir al-Shahid Abu Nasr Ahmad (II.) b. Ismail, 907-914
  • al-Amir as-Said Nasr (II.) b. Ahmad, 914-943
  • al-Amir al-Hamid Nuh (I.) b. Nasr, 943-954
  • al-Amir al-Muayyad (or al-Muwaffaq) Abu l-Fawaris Abd al-Malik (I.) b. Nuh, 954-961
  • al-Malik al-Muzaffar al-Amir al-Sadid Abu Salih Mansur (I.) b. Nuh, 961-976
  • al-Amir ar-Radi (or ar-Raschid) Abu l-Qasim Nuh (II.) b. Mansur, 976-997
  • Abu l-Harith Mansur (II.) B. Nuh, 997-999
  • Abu l-Fawaris Abd al-Malik (II.) B. Nuh , 999-1000
  • Abu Ibrahim Ismail (II.) Al-Muntasir b. Nuh, 1000-1005

The Ciyarids (931 – approx. 1090)

  • Abo l-Hajjaj Mardawidsch b. Ziyar, 931-935
  • Zahir ad-Daula Abu Mansur Voshmgir b. Ziyar, 935-967
  • Zahir ad-Daula Abu Mansur Bisutun b. Voshmgir, 967-978
  • Shams al-Maali Abu l-Hasan Qaboos b. Voshmgir (= Qābūs ibn Wušmagīr ), 977 / 978-981 and 987-1012 / 1013
  • Falak al-Maali Manutschehr b. Qaboos, 1012-1029
  • Abu Kalidjar Anushirawan b. Manutschehr, approx. 1029-1049
  • Onsor al-Maali Kejkawus b. Iskandar b. Qaboos, approx. 1049-1087
  • Gilan Shah b. Kejkawus, approx. 1087-1090

The Buyids (932-1062)

The Buyids of Djibal

  • Rukn ad-Daula Abu l-Hasan Ali, 932-947
  • Rukn ad-Daula Abu Ali Hasan, 947-977
  • Muayyid ad-Daula Abu Mansur Buya, 977–983 (in Hamadan and Isfahan )
  • Fachr ad-Daula Abu l-Hasan Ali, 976 / 977-997 (in Rey ) and 983-997 (in Hamadan and Isfahan)
  • Shams ad-Daula Abu Tahir Fulan, 997-1021 (in Hamadan and Isfahan)
  • ʿAlāʾ ad-Daula, 1008-1041 (in Isfahan)
  • Sama ad-Daula Abu l-Hasan Fulan, 1021 – approx. 1028 or 1028 – before 1030 (in Hamadan and Isfahan)
  • Madschd ad-Daula Abu Talib Rustam, 997-1029 (in Rey), deputy until 1028: Shirin (“as-Sayyida”), the widow of Fachr ad-Daula

The Buyids of Fars and Khuzistan

The Kirman Buyids

The Ghaznavids (in Persia: approx. 1003-1040)

The Kakuyids (approx. 1007–1141)

  • Ala ad-Daula Abu Jafar Muhammad b. Rustam Duschmanziyar, approx. 1007-1041
  • Shams al-Mulk Zahir ad-Din Abu Mansur Faramurz b. Muhammad, 1041 – approx. 1063
  • Ala ad-Daula Abu Kalidschar Garschasp (I.) b. Muhammad, 1041 – approx. 1148 (in Hamadan)
  • Ala ad-Daula (or Muayyid ad-Daula) Abu Mansur Ali b. Faramurz,? -1095
  • Ala ad-Daula Adud ad-Din Abu Kalidschar Garschasp (II.), 1095 – approx. 1141

The Nasrids (1030-1225)

  • Taj ad-Din (I.) Abu l-Fadl Nasr b. Ahmad, 1030-1031, 1034-1036 and 1038-1073
  • Baha ad-Daula Tahir b. Nasr, 1073-1088
  • Badr ad-Daula Abu l-Abbas b. Nasr, 1088-1090
  • Baha ad-Daula Chalaf b. Nasr, 1090-1106
  • Taj ad-Din (II.) Abu l-Fadl (or: Abu l-Fath) Nasr b. Chalaf, 1106-1164
  • Shams ad-Din Muhammad (or: Ahmad) b. Nasr, 1164-1169
  • Taj ad-Din (III.) Harb b. Izz al-Muluk Muhammad b. Nasr, 1169-1213
  • Yamin ad-Din Bahram-Shah b. Harb, 1213-1221
  • Taj ad-Din (IV.) Nusrat (or: Nasr) b. Bahram Shah, 1221-1222
  • Shihab ad-Din Mahmud b. Harb, 1221
  • Rukn ad-Din Mahmud b. Bahram Shah, 1221-1222
  • Abu l-Muzaffar Ali b. Harb, 1222
  • Ala ad-Din Ahmad b. Nasir ad-Din Uthman b. Harb, 1223-1225
  • Uthman Shah b. Nasir ad-Din Uthman, 1225

The Seljuks (in Persia: 1038–1194)

The Great Seljuks

The Kirman Seljuks

The Nizarites of Alamut (1090–1256)

The Eldigüziden / Atabegs of Āzarbāydschān (approx. 1136-1225)

  • Shams ad-Din Eldigüz, 1136–1175
  • Nusrat ad-Din Abu Dschafar Dschahan-Pahlavan Muhammad b. Eldigüz, 1175-1186
  • Muzaffar ad-Din Qizil-Arslan Uthman b. Eldigüz, 1186-1191
  • Nusrat ad-Din Abu Bakr Muhammad b. Jahan-Pahlavan, 1191-1210
  • Qutlugh-Inantsch, 1191 – approx. 1196 (in Jibal)
  • Muzaffar ad-Din Özbeg Muhammad b. Jahan-Pahlavan, 1210-1225

The Atabegs of Yazd (approx. 1141-1318)

  • Rukn ad-Din Sam b. Vardanruz, ca. 1141-1188
  • Izz ad-Din Langar b. Vardanruz, approx. 1188-1207
  • Muhyi d-Din Vardanruz b. Langar, 1207-1219
  • Qutb ad-Din Abu Mansur Isfahsalar b. Langar, 1219-1229
  • Mahmud Shah b. Abi Mansur Isfahsalar, 1229-1241
  • Salghur Shah b. Mahmud Shah, 1241-1252
  • Togha (n) Shah b. Salghur Shah, 1252-1272
  • Ala ad-Daula b. Togha (n) Shah, 1272-1275
  • Yusuf Shah b. Togha (n) Shah, 1275-1297
  • Hajji Shah b. Yusuf Shah, approx. 1315-1318

The khwarazmian dynasty of the dynasty of Anuschteginiden (in Persia: 1142-1231)

The Salghurids / Atabegs of Fars (1148–1282)

  • Muzaffar ad-Din Sunqur b. Maudud, 1148-1161
  • Muzaffar ad-Din Zangi b. Maudud, 1161–1175 (or 1161–1178)
  • Tekele (or Degele) b. Zangi, 1175–1198 (or 1178–1198)
  • Muzaffar ad-Din Abu Shuja Sad (I.) b. Zangi, 1198-1226
  • Muzaffar ad-Din Abu Bakr Qutlugh-chan b. Sad, 1226-1260
  • Muzaffar ad-Din Sad (II.) B. Qutlugh-chan, 1260
  • Adud ad-Din Muhammad b. Sad, 1260-1262
  • Muzaffar ad-Din Muhammad-Shah b. Salghur Shah b. Sad, 1262-1263
  • Muzaffar ad-Din Seljuq-Shah b. Salghur Shah, 1263
  • Muzaffar ad-Din Abish-Chatun b. Sad, 1263–1282 (from 1264 together with Mengü-Temür near Hülegü)

The Hazaraspids / Atabegs of Greater Luristan (1148–1424)

  • Abu Tahir (b. Ali?) B. Muhammad, 1148-1161
  • Nusrat ad-Din Hazarasp b. Abi Tahir, 1203/04 to 1229 or 1252/53
  • Imad ad-Din b. Hazarasp (ruled possibly after the death of his father)
  • Nusrat ad-Din Kalha b. Hazarasp (ruled possibly after the death of his father)
  • Tekele (or Degele) b. Hazarasp, approx. 1257 / 58-1259
  • Schams ad-Din Alp-Arghu (n) b. Hazarasp, ca. 1259-1274
  • Yusuf Shah (I.) b. Alp-Arghu (n), approx. 1274-1288
  • Afrasiyab (I.) b. Yusuf Shah, approx. 1288–1296
  • Nusrat ad-Din Ahmad b. Alp-Arghu (n), 1296 to 1330 or 1333
  • Rukn ad-Din Yusuf Shah (II.) B. Ahmad, 1330 or 1333 to 1339
  • Muzaffar ad-Din Afrasiyab (II.) Ahmad (b. Yusuf Shah or b. Ahmad?), 1339–1355
  • Naur al-Ward b. Afrasiyab, 1355
  • Shams ad-Din Paschang (b. Yusuf Shah?), 1355-1378
  • Pir Ahmad b. Paschang, 1378-1408
  • Abu Said b. Pir Ahmad, approx. 1408–1417
  • Shah Husein b. Abi Said, ca.1417–1424
  • Ghiyath ad-Din b. Kawus b. Huschang b. Paschang, 1424

The Ghurids (in Persia: approx. 1175–1206)

  • ...
  • Ghiyath ad-Din Abu l-Fath Muhammad b. Sam (1163-1203)
  • Muizz ad-Din Muhammad b. Sam (1203-1206)
  • ...

The Qutlughchanids (1222–1306)

  • Nasir ad-Dunya wa-d-Din Abu l-Fawaris Baraq Hajjib, 1222-1235
  • Qutb al-Din Abu l-Fath Muhammad, 1235-1236 and 1252-1257
  • Rukn ad-Din Mubarak b. Baraq, 1236-1252
  • Qutb ad-Din / Ismat ad-Dunya wa-d-Din Qutlugh-Terken, 1257–1282 (for Hajaj Sultan b. Muhammad)
  • Jalal ad-Din Abu l-Muzaffar Soyurghatmisch b. Muhammad, 1282-1292
  • Safwat ad-Din Padishah-Chatun bt. Muhammad, 1292-1295
  • Muzaffar ad-Din Abu l-Harith Muhammad Shah-Sultan b. Hajajj Sultan, 1296-1304
  • Qutb ad-Din Shah-Jahan b. Soyurghatmisch, 1304-1305

The Ilkhan (1256-1388)

The Muzaffarids (1314-1393)

  • Mobarez ad-Din Muhammad ibn Muzaffar, 1314-1358
  • Jamal ad-Din Abu l-Fawaris Shah-i Shuja, 1358–1364 and 1366–1384
  • Qutb al-Din Shah Mahmud, 1364-1366
  • Mujahid al-Din Zain al-Abidin Ali, 1384-1387
  • Imad ad-Din Sultan Ahmad, 1387-1391 (in Kirman)
  • Shah Yahya, 1387-1391 (in Shiraz )
  • Sultan Abu Ishaq, 1387-1391 (in Sirajan )
  • Shah Mansur, 1391-1393

The Sarbedaran (1332-1386)

  • Abd ar-Razzaq b. Fadl Allah, 1332-1338
  • Vajih ad-Din Masud b. Fadl Allah, 1338-1343
  • Muhammad Ay-Temur, 1343-1346
  • Chvadscha Taj ad-Din Ali b. Schams ad-Din Tschischumi, 1347–1351
  • Yahya Karavi, 1351-1357
  • Air Allah b. Wajih ad-Din Masud, between 1351-1362
  • Amir Wali, between 1351-1362 (in Astarabad )
  • Haidar Qassab, between 1351-1362
  • Hasan Damghani, between 1351-1362
  • Chvadscha Ali b. Muayyad, 1362-1376 and 1379-1386
  • Rukn ad-Din, between 1376-1379

The Timurids (in Persia: approx. 1380–1507)

Ruler of the entire empire

  • Abu Said , 1451–1469 (in Khorasan from 1459)

The Timurids of Western Persia

  • Jalal al-Din Miran-Shah , 1393–1404
  • Pir Muhammad, 1404-1409 (in Fars)
  • Rustam, 1404–1409 (in southern Persian Iraq)
  • Chalil Sultan, 1409 (in Rey)
  • Baiqara, 1409-1412 (in Fars)
  • Iskandar, 1412-1414 (first in Fars, then in Persian Iraq)

The Timurids of Khorasan

  • Abu l-Qasim Babur, 1447-1457
  • Shah Mahmud, 1457
  • Ibrahim, 1457-1459
  • Husain, 1469-1470 and 1470-1506
  • Yadgar Muhammad, 1470
  • Badi az-Zaman, 1506-1507
  • Muzaffar Husain, 1506-1507

Modern times

The Safavids (1501–1765)

The Hotaki dynasty (in Persia: 1722–1729)

The Afsharids (1736–1796)

The Zand dynasty (1751–1794)

The Qajar (1794-1925)

The Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979)

Head of State of the Islamic Republic of Iran (1979 to date)

Religious leader , exercising:

See also

Remarks

  1. ^ Gotthard Strohmaier : Avicenna. Beck, Munich 1999. ISBN 3-406-41946-1 , p. 165.
  2. ^ Gotthard Strohmaier: Avicenna. 1999, p. 165.
  3. ↑ Cf. Der Islam I - From the origin to the beginnings of the Ottoman Empire , p. 344, Fischer-Weltgeschichte, Frankfurt / M. 1968.