Miran Shah

Mīrān Shāh

Mīrān Shāh with full name Jalal Ud-Din Miran Shah * 1366 † April 20, 1408 in Naxçıvan was the son of Timur and a Timurid governor during the reign of his father.

Miran Shah's first administrative area was a large region around Kandahar , which he received in 1383. In the same year he struck a rebellion against the Timurid rule of the Kartids , who were until then under their ruler Ghiyath ad-Din vassals of Timur in Khorasan . In order to rule the region alone, he invited the remaining prince of the Kartiden to a feast in 1396 and murdered him.

In the winter of 1386, Miran Shah defeated an invading army of the Golden Horde that was on its way to Persia . He took several prisoners, but these were later released under mild conditions after they were handed over to Timur.

In 1396, Miran Shah was given control of Azerbaijan , mainly the cities of Soltaniyeh , which was the former capital of the Ilkhan , and Tabriz . In the summer of 1398 he set out from Tabriz with the intention of subjugating the Jalairids in Baghdad , but was forced to break off the expedition. In the meantime, Timur heard rumors that his son was allegedly trying to betray him. The conqueror was furious with his son and his refusal to solve the problem of tax evaders in his area and his inability to protect the important fortress of Alindja from the Jalairids. In 1399 Timur sent a force under his nephew Sulayman Shah to summon Miran Shah. He willingly returned with Sulayman Shah to his father, where he was removed from office and had to spend four years with his father. His friends and advisers were executed.

Due to mental problems resulting from an accident, Miran Shah was not a candidate to succeed Timur. In the dispute after Timur's death in 1405, his son Abu Bakr managed to drive the Jalairids out of Tabriz and Miran Shah returned to Azerbaijan. At the same time, Miran Shah supported his other son Khalil Sultan in his claim to the throne. He marched off with Abu Bakr to put Khalil on the throne, but eventually returned. Meanwhile, he was faced with the growing danger of the Turkmen Qara Qoyunlu under Qara Yusuf . This defeated Abu Bakr in 1406 in Naxçıvan and 1408 again in Sardrud . In the final battle, Miran Shah was killed.

The successors of Miran Shah continued to play an important role in the remnants of the Timurid Empire when Abu Sa'id came to power in Transoxania . He is also the ancestor of Babur who founded the Mughal Empire .

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• Peter Jackson (Ed.): The Cambridge History of Iran . Volume 6: The Timurid and Safavid Periods . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge et al. 1986, ISBN 0-521-20094-6 .