Tabriz

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Tabriz
Tabriz skyline
Tabriz skyline
Tabriz (Iran)
Tabriz
Tabriz
Basic data
Country: IranIran Iran
Province : East Azerbaijan
Coordinates : 38 ° 5 '  N , 46 ° 17'  E Coordinates: 38 ° 5 '  N , 46 ° 17'  E
Height : 1363  m
Residents : 1,558,693 (2016 census)
Area code : 41
Postal code : 51368
Time zone : UTC +3: 30
Website: www.tabriz.ir

Tabriz or Tabriz , also Tabris or Tabriz ( Persian تبريز, DMG Tabrīz , Azerbaijani Təbriz ), is the capital of East Azerbaijan in Iran . With just under 1.56 million inhabitants (2016), Tabriz is one of the largest cultural centers of Azerbaijan in Iran (the ancient Atropatene ) and the Iranian Azerbaijanis . In the early 20th century, Tabriz was the largest city in Persia.

history

The founding history of the city is controversial. Some sources refer to the time of the Sassanids , others see the foundation stone laid by a wife of the caliph Hārūn ar-Raschīds in the 8th century.

Insofar as it can be assumed that Tabriz was already part of the Sassanid Empire, after the invasion of the Turkic peoples , the city was the capital of the Ilkhan Empire in Iran from around 1270 to 1305, of the Aq Qoyunlu Empire from around 1469 to 1502 and the Safavids from 1502 to 1548. During the Second World War , Tabriz was the capital of the Azerbaijani People's Government .

Repeated strong earthquakes destroyed most of Tabriz's historical monuments. A monumental remnant of the citadel wall ( Ark-e Tabriz or Ark-e Alishah ) from the 14th century has been preserved. The Blue Mosque of Tabriz (Masdsched-e Kabud) is another important building in the city, or the town hall, whose tower has a German clock.

On January 8, 1780, the city was completely destroyed by an earthquake, as were other 400 villages in the surrounding area. The total number of victims is estimated at at least 50,000 deaths and ranges up to 200,000. On August 11, 2012, another major earthquake occurred near the city, killing over 300 people. The epicenter of the quake was only about 60 kilometers northeast of Tabriz and was clearly felt in the city (see also: Earthquake of Tabriz 2012 ).

etymology

When Tabriz was founded is unclear. Various sources refer to the city as the possible location of the Biblical Garden of Eden .

According to other sources such as the Encyclopedia Britannica , the name of the city is derived from "tap-riz". In the Iranian languages, Tap-riz means Bring heat to flow . The reason could be the many thermal springs in the region. Other sources say that the Armenian king Khosrau I defeated the Sassanid king Ardashir I in 246 and changed the name of the city from Shahistan to Tauris in revenge for the death of his brother . Tauris would in the case of Altarmenisch -ta vrezh This revenge come. In 297 it became the capital of Trdat III.

Geographical location

Geographically, Tabriz lies at 46 ° 08 'east longitude and 38 ° 48' north latitude at an altitude of 1363 m above sea level. To the south is the Sahand volcano (3707 m altitude) and north of the mountain Aynali (1700 m altitude).

climate

Tabriz has a dry and generally cold climate with a constant wind . The winter is relatively long. The average maximum temperature in summer is 32 ° C and in winter 2.7 ° C. The highest measured temperature in Tabriz so far is 42 ° C and the lowest measured temperature is −25 ° C. The total annual precipitation is 288.9 millimeters.

Tabriz
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
22nd
 
2
-6
 
 
24
 
5
-4
 
 
41
 
10
0
 
 
53
 
17th
6th
 
 
43
 
23
11
 
 
17th
 
29
15th
 
 
5.8
 
33
19th
 
 
3.2
 
33
19th
 
 
7.6
 
28
14th
 
 
22nd
 
21st
8th
 
 
28
 
12
2
 
 
23
 
5
-3
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: Homepage of the Iranian Meteorological Authority 1961–2005; wetterkontor.de
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Tabriz
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 2.3 4.7 10.3 16.9 22.7 28.7 32.7 32.6 28.2 20.5 11.9 5.1 O 18.1
Min. Temperature (° C) -5.7 -4.1 0.4 5.9 10.6 15.2 19.3 19.0 14.4 8.2 2.1 -2.8 O 6.9
Precipitation ( mm ) 22.3 24.2 40.6 52.7 42.6 16.9 5.8 3.2 7.6 21.9 27.9 23.2 Σ 288.9
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 3.9 4.9 5.6 6.5 8.6 11.3 11.4 10.8 10.1 7.4 5.8 4.1 O 7.5
Rainy days ( d ) 10.8 10.2 13.3 13.8 13.4 6.3 3.1 1.9 2.5 8.0 8.5 9.8 Σ 101.6
Humidity ( % ) 72 70 63 57 51 40 34 35 37 51 64 71 O 53.7
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
2.3
-5.7
4.7
-4.1
10.3
0.4
16.9
5.9
22.7
10.6
28.7
15.2
32.7
19.3
32.6
19.0
28.2
14.4
20.5
8.2
11.9
2.1
5.1
-2.8
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		22.3
24.2
40.6
52.7
42.6
16.9
5.8
3.2
7.6
21.9
27.9
23.2
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

The bazaar is one of the largest and most impressive in Iran. It is famous for its large roofed construction, its variety and quality of handicrafts and carpets. It is located in the center of the city. The fine hand-knotted Persian carpet Tabriz is named after the city . There are many carpet weavers in and around the city.

traffic

Tabriz has always been a traffic junction, where the Silk Road crosses the Mehran-Rud River , where pack animals and goods were exchanged.

The connection to the capital Tehran leads directly over the Tehran-Tabriz Highway, which leads in the other direction to the Turkish border.

In Tabriz different railway lines meet, namely the

Universities

  1. University of Tabriz
  2. Sahand University of Technology
  3. Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
  4. Azerbaijan University of Tarbiyat Moallem (Tabriz University of Tarbiat Moallem)
  5. Islamic Azad University of Tabriz
  6. Tabriz Islamic Arts University
  7. University College of Nabi Akram

Attractions

Personalities

Town twinning

gallery

See also

Web links

Commons : Tabriz  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistical Center of Iran: Tabrīz. Retrieved September 20, 2017 .
  2. ^ A History of Persia ( 1915 ), page 3: " The north-west province of Iran is Azerbaijan, with its chief center, Tabriz, the largest city in Persia ... "
  3. ^ NN Ambraseys, CP Melville: A History of Persian Earthquakes . In: Cambridge Earth Science Series . Cambridge University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-521-02187-1 , pp. 54 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed December 25, 2016]).
  4. ^ David Rohl: Legend: The Genesis of Civilization , Arrow Books, Ltd., 1998, ISBN 0-7126-8229-5 .
  5. ^ Jeffery Donley: The Everything History of the Bible Book , Adams Media, 2006, ISBN 1-59337-556-5 , p. 59.
  6. ↑ Etta B. Donaldson. "A Journey to the Garden of Eden," The American Magazine , Crowell-Collier Publishing Co., 1893, p. 439.
  7. ↑ Andrew Burke and Mark Elliott. Iran , Lonely Planet, 2004, ISBN 1-74059-425-8 , p. 133.
  8. ↑ Gholam-Reza Sabri-Tabrizi. Iran: A Child's Story, a Man's Experience , International Publishers Co., 1989, p. 72, ISBN 0-7178-0682-0
  9. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica. "Tabriz", Online Edition, 2007
  10. ↑ "Tabrīz." Microsoft Encarta 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2006.
  11. ↑ Samuel Graham Wilson. Persian Life and Customs , Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, 1896, p. 323.
  12. ↑ Edward Backhouse Eastwick. Journal of a Diplomate's Three Years' Residence in Persia , Smith, Elder and Co., 1864, p. 327.
  13. ^ Proschat Madani: Proschat Madani - About me. Retrieved December 25, 2016 (Prochat Madani. Born September 11, 1967 in Tabriz.).