Naxçıvan (city)

Naxçıvan
coat of arms
State :	Azerbaijan
City with rayon status:	Naxçıvan
Coordinates :	39 ° 13 '  N , 45 ° 25'  E Coordinates: 39 ° 12 '32 "  N , 45 ° 24' 44"  E
Height :	1000  m
Area :	35.48  km²
Residents :	76,700 (2014)
Population density :	2.162 inhabitants / km²
Time zone :	AZT ( UTC + 4 )
Telephone code :	(+994) 136
Postal code :	AZ7000
License plate :	70, 85
Community type:	City (şəhər)

Naxçıvan , German Nakhichevan ( Azerbaijani Naxçıvan şəhəri ; Armenian Նախիջևան Naxiǰe͡wan , Russian Нахичевань Nakhichevan ), is the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Nakhchivan , an exclave of Azerbaijan .

geography

The city is the cultural and economic center of an agricultural area of ​​the South Caucasus . The urban area has an area of ​​130 km². The area around the city is mountainous.

It has 76,700 inhabitants (2014).

history

According to Armenian tradition, the city of Nakhchivan is the first place where Noah lived after he descended from Mount Ararat . The fact that the Armenian name Nakhichevan can be derived from the first location or first station ( Nach = first, itschewan = location, station) has also contributed to this. The founder of modern Armenian linguistics, Heinrich Hübschmann, on the other hand, argues that the name of the city is derived from Naxcavan (Naxc = a personal name, avan = city).

Claudius Ptolemy , a Greek geographer and polymath of the 2nd century, called the city with the Greek name Naxouana (Ναξουὰνα). The city belonged to the Armenian provinces of Vaspurakan and Sjunik . Nakhchivan already existed in pre-Christian times when the Orontids ruled Armenia. She was the road system which is part of Iran to the Black Sea and the changing Armenian capitals Yervandashat , Armavir , Artashat and Vagarschapat association. After the Christianization of Armenia, it also became the seat of the Bishop of Mardpetakan . In 363 the then rich city of Nakhichevan was destroyed by the Sassanid king Shapur II and the Armenian and Jewish population was deported to the Persian Empire.

In the course of the Arab invasion of Armenia , the city of Nakhichevan was besieged by the Arabs in 650. After a peace treaty, the city was handed over to the Arabs by the Armenian General Theodoros Rštuni . In 705 there was an Armenian uprising against Arab rule. A large number of Armenian notables were killed in the crackdown, giving the city an increasingly Muslim character.

Under the Bagratids, the city briefly came under Armenian control again around 900, but soon fell again to the Arabs.

In the 11th century Nakhichevan came under the rule of the Seljuks. In 1197 the city fell briefly to the Kingdom of Georgia . From 1225, the Ildegiziden , which was under Seljuk rule, ruled Nakhichevan. When the Franciscan Wilhelm von Rubruk traveled to the region in 1253, he only found wasteland at the site of the city of Nakhichevan. Of the original 80 Armenian churches in the city, all but 2 small churches were destroyed by the Muslims.

1603-1604 the city fell to Shah Abbas I of Persia.

In 1827 the city of Nakhichevan was conquered by the Russians in the Russo-Persian War and incorporated into the Russian Empire in the Peace of Turkmanchai .

Attractions

In the city are the mausoleum of Yusuf ibn Kusejir and the Momine Chatun mausoleum .

economy

There are textile and food industries in the city. Your environment is dominated by agriculture. With irrigation, the cultivation of cotton , tobacco as well as fruit and viticulture is possible. Other agricultural activities are silkworms - and livestock . Also mining of non-ferrous metals and rock salt takes place.

traffic

Naxçıvan has a train station on the Yerevan – Jolfa railway , which opened in 1908 . However, the rail traffic has ceased, also because the connection to the rest of the Azerbaijani rail network only exists via routes running through Armenia .

The city ​​is also connected internationally via Naxçıvan Airport .

sons and daughters of the town

• Rövnəq Abdullayev (* 1965), President of the Azerbaijani Football Association
• Sedrak Arakeljan (1884–1942), Armenian painter
• Əli Əsədov (* 1956), Prime Minister of Azerbaijan since 2019
• Heydər Əliyev (1923–2003), President of Azerbaijan from 1993 to 2003
• Galina Bystrowa (1934–1999), Soviet athlete
• Hüseyn Cavid (1882–1941), poet
• Nərmin Kazımova (* 1993), chess player
• Vladimir Makogonow (1904–1993), Soviet chess grandmaster
• Cəlil Məmmədquluzadə (1869–1932), writer and thinker
• Nicat Məmmədov (* 1985), chess grandmaster
• Əcəmi Naxçıvani (* around 1120), one of the greatest medieval architects of the Orient
• Ruben Orbeli (1880–1943), Armenian-Russian lawyer, university professor and founder of Russian underwater archeology
• Həmid Qasımbəyov (1923-2005), Soviet vice admiral and commander of the Caspian flotilla
• Aruth Wartanian (1880–1945), Armenian civil engineer, actor and film producer

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Population by sex, economic and administrative regions, urban settlements of the Republic of Azerbaijan at the beginning of the 2014 ( Memento from July 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) on the website of the Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dövlət Statistika Komitəsi (State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan)
2. ↑ Alexander Agadjanian, Armenian Christianity Today: Identity Politics and Popular Practice (Surrey 2014), p. 13.
3. ^ K. von Hahn, Nomina geographica Caucasica, in: Globus. Illustrated magazine for country and ethnology. Volume XCII. No. 9. (Braunschweig 1907), p. 142.
4. ^ Richard D. Lanser, An Armenian Perspective on the Search for Noah's Ark (San Diego 2007), p. 21.
5. ↑ Oliver Nicholson, The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity (Oxford 2018), p. 1055
6. ↑ C. Edmund Bosworth, “NAḴJAVĀN,” ( Memento June 17, 2019 in the Internet Archive ) on Encyclopædia Iranica
7. ^ Donald Rayfield, Edge of Empires. A History of Georgia (London 2012), pp. 112-113.
8. ↑ Peter Jackson et al. David Morgan (Ed.), William of Rubruck. The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck. His Journey to the Court of the Great Khan Möngke 1253-1255 (London 1990), p. 295.