Ararat

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Ararat
Big and Small Ararat from the east

Big and Small Ararat from the east

height 5137  m
location Ağrı Province ( Turkey )
Mountains Armenian highlands
Dominance 379 km →  Shkhara
Notch height 3611 m
Coordinates 39 ° 42 '7 "  N , 44 ° 17' 50"  E Coordinates: 39 ° 42 '7 "  N , 44 ° 17' 50"  E
Ararat (Turkey)
Ararat
Type Stratovolcano
rock Andesite and basalt
Last eruption July 1840
First ascent 1829 by Friedrich Parrot
particularities highest mountain in Turkey
Satellite image of Mount Ararat

Satellite image of Mount Ararat

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Mount Ararat (from Hebrew , originated from Assyrian Urartu ), also Great Ararat ( Turkish Büyük Ağrı Dağı , Armenian Մասիս Masis or Արարատ Ararat , Kurdish Çiyayê Agirî / Shaxi , also traditionally Persian كوه نوح, DMG Kūh-e Nūḥ , 'Mountain Noahs'), is a dormant volcano in the Ararat highlands in eastern Anatolia near the border with Armenia , Iran and the Azerbaijani enclave of Nakhchivan . At 5137  m above sea ​​level, it is the highest mountain in Turkey . The Kurdish name, Çiyayê Agiri means the fiery mountain '( agir ' fire ', Ciya , Mountain').

The smaller neighboring mountain, the Little Ararat ( Turkish Küçük Ağrı Dağı , Armenian Սիս Sis ) is 3896  m high. In 2004 both Ararat Mountains became part of a national park.

Geology and eruption history

The last eruption of the volcano took place in 1840. The village of Ahora on the northeast side was destroyed.

myth

In the mountains of Ararat after to flood the Ark be stranded ( Gen 8.4  EU ). The Vulgate speaks of the montes Armeniae , the "mountains of Armenia", while in the Nova Vulgata it was changed to montes Ararat , "mountains of Ararat". However, recognized scientific evidence for this report is lacking. Some authors claim that the biblical story does not refer directly to Mount Ararat, but generally to the kingdom of Urartu , which was written in Assyrian cuneiform. The Qur'an, on the other hand, mentions Mount Judi as Noah's landing site (Sura XI, 44), although it is unclear whether this refers to the Cudi Dağı or a mountain in Arabia.

A geological formation near the summit known as the " Ararat Anomaly " became known through aerial photographs in the 20th century and fueled speculations about the remains of the biblical Noah's Ark.

Coat of arms dispute

Even if the Ararat is today in Turkey, it is the national symbol of the Armenians , who until the genocide of the Armenians in 1915 mostly had their settlement area around the Ararat in the six Armenian eastern provinces in the Ottoman Empire. He was in the state coat of arms of the Armenian SSR and is also depicted in the coat of arms of Armenia . Turkey protested by pointing out that the mountain was on Turkish territory and therefore could not be captured by Armenia or the Soviet Union . The Soviet Foreign Minister Gromyko later countered by pointing out that, in contrast, Turkey used the moon as a crescent moon in the flag , although neither the moon nor any part of it belonged to Turkey.

First ascent

The first historically documented summit ascent of the Great Ararat took place on September 27th July. / October 9, 1829 greg. by a small expedition, led by Friedrich Parrot , the then rector of the University of Dorpat (now Tartu , Estonia ). He was accompanied by his Armenian leader, the later well-known novelist Chatschatur Abovjan , the two Russian soldiers Alexej Sdrowenko and Matwej Tschalpanow from the 41st Russian Jägerregiment and the two farmers Owannes Aiwassian and Murat Pogossian from the town of Arguri, not far from the mountain. James Bryce climbed Mount Ararat in 1876 and claimed to have seen a piece of processed wood at 4000  m .

Alpinism

Since 2001, the Turkish authorities have allowed foreigners to climb the summit subject to certain conditions. In addition to an exception visa, for which the embassy must have the approval of the Ministry of Tourism and the Ministry of Defense, a permit from the Turkish Mountaineering Association is required. The issuance can take months. The visa must be applied for at least ten weeks before departure. Individual tours are not allowed; every climber has to join a group. There are numerous expeditions on the mountain in the summer months, which are climatically favorable for the ascent. Usually the mountain is approached from the south side. The starting point is the border town of Doğubeyazıt , from which a road leads to the last settlement, the Kurdish shepherd's village of Eliköy. The base camp is located at 3150  m above sea level. d. M. The summit ascent takes place from the camp I of 4200  m . In addition to the common south route, there is also an east and north route. The north route leads from the city of Aralık to the first camp at 2750  m . The ascent then takes place from the mountain lake Köp Gölü. In the months of March to May, the Ararat is also climbed on skis. “Many perceive the Ararat as a very easy mountain, for example in June, July and August […] but in winter it is very difficult and can be very dangerous. We also have a rescue team. We have already brought a few people down - dead. ” (Statement by the Kurdish mountain guide Kemal Çeven, who claims to have climbed Mount Ararat 200 times). “( Jörn Klare :) In the winter months the climate on the mountain is very unstable, snowstorms often make an ascent impossible.

  • View over Chor Virap (Armenia) to Ararat

  • View of the summit from the east

  • The Great Ararat as seen from Doğubeyazıt (Turkey).

  • The Great Ararat as seen from Iğdır (Turkey).

  • Great Ararat from the west

  • Cityscape of the Armenian capital Yerevan with Ararat in the background

Movie

literature

Web links

Commons : Ararat  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Turkey map of the Geography Faculty of Ankara University
  2. ↑ Pointdexter, Joseph: Between heaven and earth. The 50 highest peaks. Könemann, Cologne 1999, ISBN 3-8290-3561-6 , p. 77
  3. ^ Tessa Hofmann : Approaching Armenia: Past and Present . 2nd, updated and supplemented edition. Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-406-54136-0 .
  4. ↑ M. yield: Dj Udi In: The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition . Vol. 2, Brill, Leiden, pp. 572-573.
  5. ↑ Times online April 15, 2009: A promise of peace in the shadow of Ararat
  6. ^ Ludwig Stieda:  Parrot, Friedrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 25, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, pp. 186-189. (here p. 188)
  7. ↑ a b Pointdexter, Joseph: Between heaven and earth. The 50 highest peaks. Könemann, Cologne 1999, ISBN 3-8290-3561-6 , p. 78
  8. ↑ Jörn Klare: Up to the summit of a majesty In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, April 9, 2009
  9. ↑ Noah's Mountain in the Land of the Kurds . SWR2 feature on Sunday May 6, 2007